Chapter 67 On the Origin and Development of Human Language

Through in-depth research on the languages of various parts of the world, we have found that the languages of the maritime peoples around the world are derived from the Austronesian languages of Indochina and Southeast Asia, and at the same time, the languages of mainland peoples such as agrarian peoples and nomadic peoples also originate from a mother tongue source, which is rooted in the Lingnan region and the Indochina Peninsula region of Old Thai and Old Vietnam. We believe that the reason for this common origin of the world's languages is the great migration of human beings, the migratory peoples brought the ancient Thai and Vietnamese languages to all parts of the world, and the migratory peoples settled and developed around the world, either independently or integrated and developed locally, thus forming the languages and cultures of all parts of the world.

Language is the most systematic and complex cultural system created by human beings, language is not a simple matter of speaking, language is the concentrated embodiment of human consciousness and thinking ability, and it is also the essence of human cultural achievements. How do you define things by sound and tone? Use a sentence to express thought activities such as phenomena, behaviors, processes, results, emotions, attitudes, and evaluations? If a person is asked to build such a language system from scratch, the person must go through a very difficult and long process, and perhaps he will not be able to complete this task in his lifetime. Therefore, the way to acquire a language quickly is to learn from someone who understands it.

In ancient times, to learn language and survival skills can only be learned with the elders of the same clan, generally outsiders and aliens are not qualified to participate in the study and training of their own family, and the process of learning is a very strict discipline process, teaching, school, practice and other Chinese characters are all words that express teaching behavior, in the oracle bone inscription the image of "teaching" is a hand holding a whip whip is whipping a kneeling child; The image of "school" is one hand holding a whip whipping a standing adult with a hat; The image of "Lian" is the appearance of a person being tied with a rope. Why is this so? Because the education methods of the ancients were simple and rude, the students who were disobedient and did not understand the learning would inevitably be punished corporally, because the knowledge that the ancients wanted to learn was related to saving their lives and making a living, so if the students could not learn it, it was better to beat them to death, because the family and tribe did not raise useless people! Of course, later corporal punishment evolved into a ruler, disobedient, and if you don't understand how to learn to symbolically hit your palm, you don't need to be beaten half to death! In fact, the ancients taught people to train animals in the same way of corporal punishment, the image of the word "herd" in the oracle bone inscription is a hand holding a whip to whip a cow, the original meaning of herd is to tame and raise animals. In the traditional Chinese concept, only those who have succeeded in education can become human, otherwise they are like humans and beasts.

We speak of this knowledge to tell you that the ancients did not give knowledge and skills that were important to their lives and interests to outsiders and aliens, and those who could not learn these knowledge and skills would not have good results. Therefore, those who can learn the knowledge and skills of the ancients must be relatives of the ancients, as well as people with sound intelligence and ability. Learning and practice is also an important process for the survival of the fittest.

After human beings have attained sound consciousness and their minds have become enlightened, human beings immediately have the desire to describe things and express their feelings and thoughts, so human language begins to emerge, form and develop.

We believe that human language first comes from the imitation of natural sounds, such as in the ancient Yue language, the special te represents the male, male, and the suo represents the female and the mother, this way of calling comes from the long-term experience of human habitual observation of animals. In general, hunters only hunt male animals, because hunters believe that hunting female animals is unlucky and will invite harm. In the ancient Yue language, the mother was called "Mimie" because the baby's crying voice for help was "baa"; When the baby is happy, it will make a cry of "Uncle Bobo" or "Bubu Bubu", in the matrilineal clan society, the man is a subordinate of the woman, so it is a man's thing to play with the child and make the child happy, so the baby is happy when the cry is established by the male elders, Bobo, Bubu, and now many ethnic groups in the world still become male elders. In the ancient Yue language, falling is called "falling duo", and the sound of hard things landing on the ground is the rapid sound of "duo". Of course, after the idea is formed into an abstract concept, human beings begin to use specific sounds to represent specific concepts, so that the human language system slowly becomes systematic and complete.

In order to understand the formation of language, let's first analyze the conditions under which human language is produced, in ancient times, even if several small groups of people have lived together for a long time, each person's living and working habits are very familiar with each other, they do not need language, they only need to be familiar with each other's behavior habits, and they must complete the communication and coordination of small groups through expressions and gestures.

However, when the population of the group reaches a certain level, relying on silent expressions and gestures alone will certainly not be able to smoothly communicate and coordinate the whole group. As a result, shouting became an inevitable act for all leaders and thinkers, and language was born. Language is produced in order to complete the exchange of ideas and the coordination of group behavior, and language has been under the leadership, care and control of the ruling class and social elite from the early stage of formation and development, because language is an important tool for disseminating ideas and knowledge, solving social problems, coordinating and unifying group behavior, and it is an indispensable means to make a complex and chaotic society simple, orderly, safe, stable and efficient.

From the moment language is produced, language is a communication tool that describes everything, states inner feelings, cognitions, thoughts, practices, and dreams. In order to accurately describe everything and everything, and to characterize, abstract and conceptualize the subject, behavior and object of events, mature language must have the characteristics of highly characterizing, abstracting and conceptualizing the objective world and the subjective spiritual world. Therefore, things that are closely related to human life and development are first characterized, abstracted and conceptualized by human beings. For example, the sky, clouds, wind, thunder, fire, light, electricity, rain, sun, moon, stars, day, night, mountains, earth, seas, lakes, rivers, rivers, streams, plants, animals, insects and other natural things and phenomena are first processed and defined by human beings; Psychological cognitive phenomena related to human physiological sensations were also first processed and defined, such as cold, cool, warm, hot, stuffy, hunger, sickness, longing, satisfaction, and comfort. There are also phenomena related to human emotional cognition that are also first processed and defined, such as joy, anger, sorrow, love, hatred, beauty, ugliness, joy and disgust, and emotional phenomena such as refreshment and depression. With these three categories of characterized, abstracted, and conceptualized linguistic vocabulary, human information communication begins to become accurate, smooth, and efficient.

Tone is the main basis for the recognition of language meaning, so the maturity of a language, its lexical tone must maintain a long-term inertia, otherwise it will lead to language incomprehension, misunderstanding and distortion, and lead to communication failure. Therefore, by comparing the original basic vocabulary of a language, it is possible to analyze the relationship between languages.

We believe that in the middle and late stages of the last ice age, that is, 45,000 years ago, in Southeast Asia and the Indochina Peninsula, the earliest languages of human beings, such as Ancient Austronesian and Ancient Taiyue, had been formed and developed to a fairly complete extent. It is precisely because migratory humans have mature and complete language systems such as ancient Austronesian and ancient Thai and Vietnamese languages that they can complete the coordination and management of migratory teams, efficiently respond to various emergencies and serious problems, and finally migrate smoothly to various parts of the world, where they can settle and develop their societies.

15,000 years ago, after the end of the last ice age and the Bering Strait was submerged by the sea, the Indians, the Native Americans, who migrated from the East Asian continent to the Americas, were completely isolated from the human subjects of the Eurasian continent

g, calling the foot ga, these names are exactly the same in the ancient Vietnamese language. In terms of writing, Native Americans often carved abstract and concise drawings on rocks that resemble ancient Chinese characters, indicating that East Asian hieroglyphs were formed and perfected 15,000 years ago, and became an important tool for human communication as language.

In the process of language development, language has undergone a process of development from simple to complex, from figurative to abstract, from material to spiritual. For example, human beings have experienced this process in their understanding of numbers, and the earliest mathematical base system that human beings knew was the decimal system, and with the complexity of human behavior, they also knew the decimal system; For problems such as geometry and astronomical calendars, humans have invented decimal and hexadecimal. In Old Vietnam, the pronunciations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are:

i、so

g、sam、xi、ha。 The pronunciation of this set of numbers is almost the same as that of ancient languages such as Thai and Tibetan, due to the fact that the early numbers only developed to the base of five. We found that some primitive tribes in Southeast Asia still use the base 5 system of counting, and the base 5 system is related to the fact that humans have 5 fingers on one hand; Roman numerals still retain traces of the base 5. As the things that human beings are engaged in work and management are more and more developed, the base 5 system is no longer practical, so human beings enter the base 10 system, and 10 is a multiple of 5, which is 10 fingers. To make it easier to remember, the ancients gave each number a meaning related to life and work. The most important content of management is to regulate the life and work content of members, that is, to stipulate what members should do every day. The pronunciation of Old Vietnamese 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 is lo, xia

, be, gu, xim, in the ancient Yue language, lo is the meaning of outside, outside the house, generally refers to going out; xia

It means feminine, virgin, lover, etc.

In ancient times, the tribal aristocracy had the habit of hiring labor and using labor, and since then, the ancients have stipulated that from the first day to the fifth day, work must be done, and what should be done every day is prescribed, and at the same time, the ancients stipulated that the sixth and seventh days are free days and rest days, which is the reason for the 7 days a week. From the analysis of the numerical meaning of the ancient Yue language, it may be that the days of weeks 1 to 5 are the days when parents and tribal leaders arrange the labor of members; Week 6: You can go out for activities or work, that is, go out for a walk; On weekends, go to the temple of immortals or have a tryst with your lover to rest.

At present, the life and work cycle of the whole world is still done according to this schedule, and this habit of human beings was formed tens of thousands of years ago. At present, in Western languages, there are traces of this aspect of the ancient Yue language, such as in English haft means "half", half of the hands is exactly 5 fingers, and 5 is pronounced ha in the ancient Yue people; Six is 6, six is very similar to the pronunciation of se in the ancient Yue language, in the ancient Yue people se is the meaning of seeds, sowing and breeding, sowing and breeding and other things can only be done when you go out, so six is the work content of lo going out; seve

It's 7, se

seve

With Xianxia

(se0x in English) is very similar in pronunciation, the weekend is a Sunday in the Western world, and the meaning of this weekend is the same as that of the weekend in the ancient Vietnamese language.

After the migratory peoples of Indochina Peninsula entered the South Asian subcontinent, they formed Old Tamil and Old Aryan languages on the basis of Old Thai. After the migratory peoples entered the East Asian continent, they formed the ancient Yue language, the ancient Chinese language, the Tungusic language, the Altaic language, the Turkic language, etc. After the migrants entered the Middle East, the migrants merged with the local indigenous peoples to form the Semitic-Hanmitic language. Studies by linguists have shown that the roots of the above-mentioned continental languages are mainly Old Thai, followed by Old Austronesian languages.

We believe that the Great Migration has exercised human ability to survive, think and create, and at the same time, it has also led to an unprecedented development of human language and writing ability. The biggest drawback of using language to disseminate knowledge is that when the person who teaches by word and example dies, these knowledge and skills are often lost with it. In order to avoid the loss of knowledge and skills, the ancients began to create pictures to express ideas and instructions, because drawing pictures was time-consuming and laborious, the ancients began to abstract and simplify the pictures, so that the earliest hieroglyphs were produced, therefore, the early problems of human beings were all pictographic problems.

After the creation of words, words immediately form a one-to-one correspondence with the concept of language and culture, that is, the creator of the text borrows the concept and definition of language to create words, so that the words can be written and read, can be written when they are understood, and can be spoken when they are understood.

Anthropologists and archaeologists believe that 45,000 years ago, before the middle and late last ice age, humans had created a fairly complete figurative writing system. Evidence suggests that after the mid-to-late last glacial period of sea level rise, the Australian brown race began to be isolated from the human subject, and archaeologists have found that Australian Aboriginal people left ancient characters on the rock face with abstract drawings similar to those of ancient Egypt; Between 45,000 and 15,000 years ago, the Indians of the Americas migrated to the Americas by sea and land from southern China and the Indochina Peninsula.

More than 600 years ago, when the ancient Egyptian pharaohs formalized the Phoenicians with seafaring abilities and hired the Phoenicians as navigation and trade agents for the Egyptian Empire, the Phoenicians dedicated the phonetic script scheme to the Egyptian pharaohs. Since then, the Mediterranean coast and the Middle East have entered the era of pinyin writing, and cuneiform script, ancient Egyptian script and other figurative characters have been gradually eliminated. Finally, the peoples of Europe and all over the world have also created their own pinyin schemes and used their own pinyin writing systems.

The most complete, the most systematic and the most successful, the hieroglyphic system that continues to this day is that there are Chinese characters, because the figurative writing is difficult, and there is no phonetic correspondence, so the figurative text is soon replaced by the pinyin text of "Yiyin correspondence, speaking and writing correspondence", due to the convenience of pinyin writing, many nations in the world ruthlessly abandoned the hieroglyphs.

So why haven't Chinese characters been eliminated in China? We believe that there are several reasons why the Chinese ethnic groups did not abandon hieroglyphs and turned to pinyin.

First, around 600 B.C., China was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which was in the midst of great divisions, chaos, and strife, when the vassal states were busy dealing with the war, and a series of very troublesome and urgent problems caused by the war, so no one had the leisure to consider the issue of writing reform.

Second, at that time, the vassal states, Fang states and tribes in the Central Plains of China and the south of the Yangtze River used different languages, and there were also multiple sets of figurative writing systems. After thousands of years of ethnic integration and exchange, the hieroglyphic system of the Huaxia people has gradually become the common language in China. However, due to the vast territory of China, many mountains and ravines, large rivers and other geographical barriers, so all parts of China have long been in a pattern of independent development, and the languages of various regions claim to be one, and it is difficult for people in various places to communicate with each other. In this case, if the hieroglyphic script is abolished and the pinyin script is used, it will definitely cause confusion and obstruction of China's state decrees and social information exchange. Therefore, no one dared to carry out a text reform;

Third, at that time, the image and writing system in China has developed to a very complete level, and writing has become a very popular cultural tool, which has been widely used in various fields of society, and various cultural classics have reached a massive level, and all countries and tribes have a large number of archives and libraries, and the text carrier is basically bamboo slips, silk fabrics, leather and bronzes, etc., these writing materials are very expensive, so if the text is replaced, these archives and books should be updated. Changing the inscription of the plaques of the yamen in various places will definitely require a huge amount of manpower, material and financial resources, and no one will do such a boring thing as character reform;

Fourth, although hieroglyphs do not have the convenience of "phonetic correspondence" in pinyin characters, as well as the convenience of writing. However, each character of the hieroglyphs is a highly abstract cultural concept and cultural symbol, therefore, the figurative text contains a lot of rich cultural information, and the pinyin text is just a combination of musical notes and letters, and if the reader who reads the pinyin text does not understand the corresponding language of the pinyin text, the reader does not understand the meaning of these words. Since figurative words are the cultural symbols that characterize, abstract and conceptualize things and behaviors, it is necessary for readers to know the meaning and grammatical rules of these words, and readers can read the articles written by these figurative characters without relying on language.

Perhaps these four reasons have led Chinese to use Chinese characters to this day. Nowadays, in order to better popularize Chinese characters and improve the efficiency of Chinese characters, China has popularized the pinyin of Chinese characters, so that each Chinese character has a corresponding standard pronunciation, greatly increasing the "phonetic and semantic correspondence" function of the text, improving the correspondence between the text and the language, and making the Chinese character a very convenient and efficient writing system.

How did the ancient language evolve into the language spoken by the peoples of the world today? We believe that there are a number of reasons to remember the factors that lead to language changes.

For example, the ancient Tai nation is the mother body of the Luo Yue nationality in southwest Guangxi (that is, the ancient Yue nationality, the ancestors of the modern Zhuang nationality), and after the ancient Thai nationality established a state in Southeast Asia and Yunnan, because the Luo Yue nationality broke away from the rule of the ancient Thai nation, self-reliant, independent development, because each of them wanted to establish their own culture and ruling system, it led to changes in language, customs and folk customs. Before the separation of the ancient Yue and the ancient Tai, everyone called the "hand" "Feng fe".

g", calling the "foot" "gaga". After the ancient Tai people established the country, they worked as coolie slaves and became "gaga", that is, porters, so the ancient Tai people changed "foot" to "escape tao"; They called themselves guards and assistants "von fe."

g" is the assistant, so the ancient Thai people changed the name of "hand" to "me". However, the ancient Yue people do not have this cultural custom, so the ancient Yue people still maintain the original way of calling their hands and feet.

The second reason is that changes in the environment and way of human life have led to the change and development of language, and new environments and new lives will produce new language concepts and text symbols. For example, the name of water in ancient Yue changed with the change of the environment during the migration process, and when living in the hot southern environment, the Yue people called "water".

AM, LAM, etc.; Call the river DA. But after migrating to the cold north, in the winter they want to get water, they must heat and melt the ice, in the ancient Yue language to burn the fire to cook zu things called su (for the Chinese characters have shu, su), in order to facilitate communication the ancients will ice and snow melted water into "shu" or "su", after a long period of natural pronunciation of the accent, shu su has become today's water sui, but the meaning of "shu" in the ancient shu country, bashan shu water and other cultural ways to us retained. The fact that people in China and many parts of Asia now call cooked food cooked susi may also be related to this cultural phenomenon of using fire.

The same is true of rivers, in the south rivers do not freeze, they flow all year round, and the water in the river is as deep as a human eye, and the Yue people call the eye da. However, after they migrated to the cold north, most of the time the river was frozen most of the time, and the river was connected to the surrounding environment, so it was not easy to achieve the river, so they had to pry open the ice and observe whether there was any flowing water under the ice, so as to find the river for fishing and water. In the ancient Yue language, the flowing water is called lili, li, etc., therefore, many northern regions call the river li, such as Ussuri, the place where the Hezhe people live related to the ancient Yue people, Ussuri is the meaning of "Wusu River", in the ancient Yue language, Wuwu is the meaning of "black"; Susu is the ancient Vietnamese name for "water" in the northern region, so the literal translation of Ussuri is "Heishui River", and since ancient times that area has indeed been called "Baishan Heishui". If we look further north, we will find that many peoples in Europe call rivers what they call them

ive

English

ivie

Dutch, French

ivie

e, etc., the stressed syllables of these words are

i, li and so on, these languages should be influenced by the ancient Vietnamese language.

The third reason is that ethnic integration produces new languages and new cultures, which is the main reason for the diversity of languages in the world. Ethnic integration is mainly through two major ways: mixed living and intermarriage. As far as mixed living is concerned, the language of the dominant ethnic group has definitely become the lingua franca of society, but the language of the subordinate ethnic group is also circulated among the people, so a new language is formed over time, such as the Altaic language family that is popular in Central Asia, the Mongolian Plateau and Siberia, and the ancient Altaic language is the result of the fusion of the ancient Yue Shu Yue and the ancient Aryan language; In a matrilineal clan society, as long as a female emperor or a female emperor favors a man of a different race, the alien race can be promoted to the patrilineal branch of the matrilineal aristocracy. It was through this method of intermarriage that many ethnic groups in the Middle East entered the mainstream society of Sumeria and ancient Egypt, and became legal nations accepted by these societies, and finally formed a complete integration of multiple ethnic groups, forming an increasingly single ethnic group and language. However, we can still find traces of ethnic exchange and integration in the current languages of various ethnic groups.

Ancient Yue is the basic language of ancient Chinese, and many ancient Chinese words are derived from ancient Yue, which is the language of the Chinese people. Such as the Chinese dong do

g corresponds to the ancient Vietnamese word for bright do

g; Danda

Corresponds to the ancient Vietnamese red da

That is, Dan, this is the reason for "Sunrise Red Dandan"; Xi xi for the ancient Yue language to sink, fall xi is the evening, the sun sets in the west; In ancient Chinese, wu wu is me, and hu hu is a foreign self-name, and they are both very similar to the pronunciation of gu self-proclaimed by the ancient Yue people; Kill sha corresponds to the knife sha in ancient Yue language, which is the result of noun verbization; Gnaw on the kee

Corresponding to the ancient Vietnamese word for eating

Perhaps after the separation of the Huaxia and the ancient Yue, the Huaxia began to deny the way of life of the ancient Yue, so they changed their gnawing to eating chi, but the language of the ancient Yue people has been preserved to this day, and the Zhuang people in southwest China still retain the language, culture and customs of the ancient Yue people intact. There are too many such linguistic phenomena to be enumerated here.

In French, voyo

s is the meaning of "hurry", and the pronunciation of "hurry" in the ancient Yue people is "waiyu", and the pronunciation of the two languages separated by thousands of miles is basically the same in the pronunciation of "hurry"; In French, feu means "fire", and in Old Vietnam, "fire" is pronounced "fi", and the pronunciation of the two is exactly the same; In French, savo

s means "know, knowledge", and the pronunciation of "know, knowledge" in the ancient Vietnamese language is "sasa", and the roots of the two are exactly the same.

In English, love means "love", and the pronunciation of "love" in the ancient Yue people is "spicy la, lang la".

g", the two pronunciations are very similar; w

ite means "writing", and the pronunciation of "writing" in the ancient Vietnamese language is "

ai", the pronunciation of the two is exactly the same; shoot means "shooting", and the pronunciation of "shooting" in the ancient Yue people is "speed su", and the pronunciation of the two is basically the same; law means "law", the original meaning of law is "the provisions that must be known and obeyed", and the pronunciation of "lo" in the ancient Vietnamese language is exactly the same; In English

ai

It means rain, and the pronunciation of rain in the ancient Vietnamese language is "

i

The pronunciation of the two is basically the same; d

op is the meaning of dripping water, falling, equivalent to the Chinese "fall duo", in the ancient Yue language this meaning is pronounced exactly the same as in English; In English thi

k is the meaning of thinking, thinking, the ancient Yue people believe that the heart is a thinking organ, also has the meaning of thinking, in the ancient Yue language the pronunciation of the heart is "xi."

, xim", the pronunciation of the two is basically the same. There is also daw in Old Vietnamese with the same phonetic meaning as English

(dan, dawn), flame (burn, flame), lamp (flame, lamp), view (look, observe, view), die (death),

ate (egg, lay, category, classification), seed (seed), se0x (sexual, sexy, female genitalia, the pronunciation of this meaning in the ancient Vietnamese language is se),

o (no, no, negation), off (out, out, separate), out (out), w

o

g (error), d

ought (dry, dry), SWE

VE (sharp turn), TOWE

(cliffs, towers, tall buildings), ladde

(ladders, ladders), pou

(splashing water), u

i

e (urine, pee), shit (shit, feces), ass (ass, shit), mo

e (newer, newer, e.g. mo.)

i

G is the beginning of a new day, and its prefix is the Old Vietnamese "new" pronunciation mo), old (old, old, the Old Vietnamese pronunciation of this meaning is ou/gou), f

ie

d (Friend, the pronunciation of this meaning in the ancient Vietnamese language is fa.)

)、doo

(door, the pronunciation of this meaning in the ancient Yue language is du) and so on, and so on.

“Eu

The pronunciation of the word "ope European" means "look, observe, view" in Old Yue, which is equivalent to view in English, "Ju, Yao, Yao" in Chinese, and "Ye Hu Yehu" in Altaic language, Ye Hu means supervisor and feudal king. Therefore, it is likely that a migratory people with the names of Inspectors and Princes first arrived in Europe and named this vast land after their own clan. Of course, the Jews, as well as the Yao people living in southwest China and Southeast Asia, also called themselves in this way, and perhaps the ancient ancestors of these peoples also served as inspectors and feudal kings in ancient times. The Sibe in Siberia is the Xibe Xibo of the Xibe people, which comes from the oldest Shiva god worship in Southeast Asia during the matriarchal society period (the pronunciation of Sipo is very similar to Xibo), which shows that the Xibe people are descendants of the ancient Yue people who worship the god Shiva, and Siberia is the homeland of the Xibe people.

After the development of Chinese, the communication between English and Chinese is still very frequent, and the words with the same and similar semantics between English and Chinese are: see (see, look, see) and sea

ch (search, search, search), shi

e (sun, sun, irradiation), give (give, give), leave (leave, leave), chase (chase, chase, chase), child (cub, child), so

G (song), book (book, book), silk (silk, silk), bill (table, bill), jewel

Y (beads, jewelry), buy, sell, take, mi

e (buried, buried, treasured, mineral, mine), etc. Maybe ki

The word king is borrowed from the Chinese word for "qingqi."

g", Qing is the prime minister of the ancient Chinese court, and is also the ruler of the country second only to the emperor, and the king of the West is authentic to the papal appointee, and the king appointed by the pope can only be the first rank than himself, so the king is called "Qing Qi."

g" means ki

g is the most suitable. In terms of personal pronouns, Chinese and English also have words with the same and similar sounds, such as I (I) and mourning (the emperor calls himself, some Hakka people call himself), you (you) and Ru, she (she) or he (he) and Yi (e.g., Yi Ren is still the same, equivalent to the Chinese aunt, Yi and so on).

According to the results of historical research, China exported Chinese culture to foreign countries in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the ancient Chinese language used to be the universal language of the world, Chinese culture and science and technology used to be the pursuit of the people of the world, so the languages of all countries in the world have more or less retained traces of Chinese and Chinese languages, they can be found in the official language of the Qin Dynasty (represented by the native language of Qinchuan), the official language of the Han Dynasty (represented by ancient languages such as Sichuan dialect and northern language), the official language of the Tang and Song dynasties (represented by Pinghua, Cantonese, Hakka dialect and other ancient languages are represented), and the official language of the Ming Dynasty (represented by the northern Bohai Bay languages such as Anhui dialect and Yantai dialect). For example, the Xian pronunciation of Cantonese is ham, and the Korean pronunciation of Xian is also ham, and China had a great influence on the Korean Peninsula during the Tang and Song dynasties, so the Mandarin of the Tang Dynasty should be very similar to Pinghua and Cantonese, and Xian is pronounced xia

It should start after the Yuan Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty.

In the long historical process of the great migration of human beings and the great integration, it is impossible for any nation to develop in a closed and isolated state, and any nation is involved in a process of interdependence, support, learning and reference, otherwise it will be ruthlessly eliminated by history. Therefore, ethnic integration involves all aspects of human civilization, and the earliest language of mankind, the ancient language of Southeast Asia, has had a profound impact on languages around the world, and we cannot list them all here.