Plants

Before the 19th century, more than 90% of poisoning cases were related to plants, but after the 19th century, this proportion fell to 7%, mainly due to the rise of synthetic poisons. Since ancient times, the use of plants to poison has been considered an elegant way.

1. Rapid lethal class

2. Easy to eat by mistake

3. A small amount of edible food

4. Medicinal

Swift lethal class

Name: Barbados nut, jatropha nut, medicinal fruit, laxative fruit

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Africa, Central and South America, Asia

Properties: 15 feet tall, leafy, yellow mucus, small hairy flowers

methanol

Symptom:

Symptoms: difficulty breathing after poisoning, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, leg cramps

Onset time: 15-20 minutes

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Note: The seeds are addictive and extremely dangerous

Name: belladonna, scopole, Barbados lily

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Eurasia, North America

Properties: The plant is highly toxic up and down, but it has a great effect in medicine, mainly making atropine to stimulate the central nervous system. The flowers are dark blue-purple, and the berries are black-purple. The toxicity can be transmitted through the food chain

Symptoms: dilated pupils, increased heart rate, warm skin, dryness, dry mouth, loss of direction, hallucinations, decreased visual force, increased heartbeat, aggressive behavior, convulsions, coma, death

Onset: hours to days

Detoxification: use of mydriasis, gastric lavage, vomiting

Name: Curare poison strychnine, moon seed vine

Toxicity: Grade 6

Territory: Central America, northern South America

Properties: All parts are poisonous, and are used to make poisoned arrows, but it is harmless to swallow the poison

Symptoms: Stiffness of the face, paralysis of the lungs, inability to breathe, death, and blue turning of the corpse

Onset: Immediate

Detoxification: Incorrigible because it expands too fast

Note: This poison is a more valuable commodity than diamonds and can be used for medical purposes

Name: Celery leaf hook, poisonous parsley

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Eurasia, East Coast of America

Properties: Poisonous in all parts, almost the same as ordinary celery, and the fruit in the flowering period is the most toxic

Symptoms: Muscle stiffness, weak pulse, extremely painful process of death, loss of visual ability, but the poisoned person remains awake until death

Onset: Half an hour, but death takes hours

Detoxification: Gastric lavage immediately after poisoning, but the success rate is small

Name: Mandala [Note: The difference between the word mandala and mandala is worlds apart, the former is a poisonous flower, and the latter is a camellia. The crazy apple, the devil's trumpet

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Warm climate

Properties: The flowers are white or purple, funnel-shaped, but the fragrance is strange, the fruit is prickly, and all parts are poisonous, especially the withered leaves, which can be used medicinally

Symptoms: headache, dehydration, dryness, dilated pupils, blindness, involuntary movements, mania, confusion, drowsiness, convulsions, coma, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: vomiting, injection of sedatives

Name: Lily of the valley

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: North America, Western Europe, but as an ornamental plant throughout the world

naphthalene

Properties: White bell-shaped flowers, very beautiful, with occasional orange-red fruits, poisonous in various parts, especially the leaves, and even the water that holds the flowers

Symptoms: facial flushing, nervousness and irritability, headache, hallucinations, erythema, dilated pupils, vomiting, stomach pain, nausea, slowed heartbeat, heart failure, coma, death

Onset: Immediate

Detoxification: gastric lavage, taking cardiac sedatives

Name: Aconitum scapulata, Aconitum aconitum

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere

Properties: Poisonous in various parts, especially roots and leaves, can be used medicinally

Symptoms: Absorption through the skin, burning, stinging, numbness, nausea, vomiting, paralysis of breathing, decrease in blood pressure, sharp drop in body temperature (the blood of the poisoned person will be as cold as ice), severe pain, shortness of breath, cardiac paralysis, death, but the poisoned person remains awake at all times

Onset: Immediate, but death occurs within 10 minutes to hours

Detoxification: There is no particularly effective method, gastric lavage, oxygen inhalation, stimulation of the heart, but the effect is not great

Note: If not overdosed, symptoms will disappear automatically within 24 hours

Name: Acacia bean, love bean

Toxicity: Grade 6

Geography: Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands, Central America

Properties: The main toxin is in the seeds

Symptoms: obstruction of digestion, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, mixed bleeding, coma, heart failure, death, decay of the mouth of the corpse

Onset: a few hours to three days

Detoxification: The incubation period is relatively long, and it is high in carbohydrates

Name: North American azalea, rhododendron

Toxicity: Grade 6

Region: The whole world

Properties: North American rhododendrons are unscented, while rhododendrons are scented and poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: nausea, weakness, vomiting, paralysis, slowing of the pulse, decreased blood pressure, diarrhea, cramps, coma, death

Onset: Six hours later

Note: Its honey is poisonous

Name: Gemini cypress

Toxicity: Grade 6

Geography: Anywhere

Properties: Toxic to all parts

Symptoms: dehydration, menstruation in women, convulsions, skin blister decay, gastritis, vomiting, coma, kidney failure

Onset: Death will occur within 10 hours - days of dyspnea

Detoxification: milk, gastric lavage

Name: Star of Bethlehem, summer snowflakes

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Warm climates, especially in the Middle East

Properties: Tall, leafless, white stellate flowers, poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, death

Onset: Immediate

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Madagascar Poison Tree

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Madagascar, Hawaii

Properties: The main toxin is in the seeds, with a strong fragrance

Symptoms: Cardiac paralysis, death

Onset: Immediate

Detoxification: Stimulates the heart

Name: English short-leaved yew, European yew

Toxicity: Grade 6

Territory: Northern Hemisphere

Properties: Poisonous except for the fruit

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, fatigue, paleness, trembling, heart failure, death, autopsy reveals toxins only in the stomach

Onset: One hour

It is easy to eat by mistake

Name: Cimicifuga, snake fruit

Toxicity: Grade 5

Territory: North American forests

Properties: Large, fluffy leaves, white or blue flowers, berry in summer and autumn

Symptoms: heartburn, dizziness, rapid pulse, eagerness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, Hugh

potassium permanganate

g, rash

Onset time: a few hours to a few days, usually 48 hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, milk, egg whites

Name: Castor bean, castor bean

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Africa, North America, India

Properties: Death occurs when chewed, but it is less toxic if swallowed, and the toxin is one of the most toxic substances known

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, pallor, coma, circulatory collapse, severe bleeding, convulsions, death

Onset: hours to days

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Note: The oil pressed from castor beans is not poisonous

Name: Mai Xian Weng

Toxicity: Grade 4

Location: Europe, North America

Properties: Tall, gray, the petals are purple, the seeds are a source of toxins, black, but all parts are poisonous

Symptoms: nausea, gastroenteritis, dizziness, fatigue, severe pain, coma, dyspnea, death

Onset time: half an hour - one hour

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Ruixiang, shrub laurel

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Eurasia, North America

Properties: Spring flowering, lilac purple, white, aromatic, all poisonous

Symptoms: respiratory burning, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, convulsions, death

Onset time: 45 minutes - hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, rehydration

Note: It is still poisonous after wilting

Name: Dead Camasia plant, water lily

Toxicity: Grade 4

Locality: It can be grown except for Hawaii, Canada, and Alaska

Properties: Centered on the bulb, the petals spread outward, all poisonous, especially the seeds

Symptoms: fatigue, collapse, dyspnea, coma, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: There is no particularly effective method, vomiting or gastric lavage

Note: Dehydrated plants are still poisonous

Name: Fool parsley, wild parsley

Toxicity: Grade 4

Territory: An annual herbaceous plant similar to celery leaf hooks, without purple spots, poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: Muscle stiffness, weak pulse, extremely painful process of death, loss of visual ability, but the poisoned person remains awake until death

Onset: hours to days

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Prairie saffron, colchicum

Toxicity: Grade 5

Region: Eurasia

Properties: Poisonous in all parts, especially bulbs

Symptoms: burning throat, diarrhea, collapse of heart vessels, madness, sensory disturbances, convulsions, muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, and even similar to arsenic poisoning, 50% of those poisoned die

Onset: 2-6 hours, death appears within 2-3 days, the poisoned person remains awake until death

Detoxification: activated carbon therapy, gastric lavage

Note: Medicinal, similar to garlic

Name: Mountain laurel, Alpine laurel

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Humid North America

Properties: Leaves, branches, flowers and pollen are poisonous, and their honey masks the bitter taste of toxicity

Symptoms: lacrimation, dyspnea, slowed heartbeat, kidney failure, decreased physical strength, convulsions, paralysis

Onset: 6 hours, death may take a few days

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Note: North American pheasants eat mountain laurel, a toxin that is spread by the food chain

Name: American Mercanna, American belladonna

Toxicity: Grade 4

Region: Temperate and tropical

Properties: White drooping flowers, black fruits, poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, cramps, convulsions, death

Onset: 2 hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

turpentine

Note: The leaves and stems can be eaten as green plants after treatment

Name: Privet

Toxicity: Grade 5

Region: The whole world

Properties: Poisonous parts, especially black berries

Symptoms: vomiting, collapse, decreased blood pressure, death

Onset: 2 hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Caution: Privet can cause a rash

Name: Aquatic celery leaf hook, locoweed

Toxicity: Grade 6, but varies over time

Location: North America

Properties: Grows in damp places, all parts are poisonous, tall, the flowers are small and white, and there are yellow aromatic oils

Symptoms: restlessness, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, cramps, death

Onset time: 20 minutes - 1 hour

Detoxification: vomiting, face spasm, gastric lavage

It can be eaten in small quantities

Name: Akaimu

Toxicity: grade 5, mortality 40% to 80%

Location: West Indies, Africa

Properties: The cotyledons without ripeness and decay are poisonous, ripe and edible

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure, coma, convulsions, death

Onset: 6 hours to 1 day, death within 24 hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, injection of glucose

Note: There was blood in the cadaver brain

Name: Cassava

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Tropical Americas

Properties: The roots are poisonous, and cyanide-like poisoning occurs, and the poisoning is only due to abnormal cooking

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, convulsions, convulsions, coma, death

Onset: minutes to hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Elderberry

Toxicity: Grade 4

Location: South Central United States and Canada

Properties: Toxic except cooked fruits

Symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, convulsions, possible death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Note: Ripe fruits are non-toxic

Name: Mandela grass, May apple

Toxicity: Grade 4

Location: Middle East

Properties: Except for ripe fruits, they are poisonous and have a dizzying sweet aroma

Symptoms: vomiting, dysesthesia, dilated pupils, coma, death

Onset time: minutes - half an hour

belladonna

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Moon seed vine

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: North America

Properties: Blue-black fruit, poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: diarrhea, convulsions, shock, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Name: Rhubarb

Toxicity: Grade 4

Territory: Sandy Northern Hemisphere

Properties: Except for the poisonous leaves, others are edible

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting and bleeding, fatigue, dyspnea, loss of calcium, heart disease, respiratory arrest

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, vomiting, rehydration

Medicinal

Name: Epsom root, white epsom root

Toxicity: Grade 4

Region: Northern Hemisphere temperate zone

Properties: Poisonous roots and berries

Symptoms: burning in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, blisters, diarrhea, convulsions, coma, respiratory arrest, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, keep quiet, lube, painkillers

Name: Cinchona Peel, Quinine

Toxicity: Grade 4

Region: South American Mountains, East Africa, Caucasus, Australia, Southeast Asia

Properties: Toxins are concentrated in the bark and have a bitter taste

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, bleeding, dizziness, collapse, coma, paralysis, heart failure, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, injection of epinephrine

Name: medicinal watermelon, bitter cucumber

Toxicity: Grade 5

Territory: Mediterranean, Central America

Properties: All parts are toxic and can be used as an insecticide

Symptoms: diarrhea, headache, kidney failure, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: Milk slows down, atropine reduces secretions, painkillers, and may survive after 48 hours

Name: Croton oil, Garcinia cambogia

Toxicity: Grade 6

Location: Southeast Asia, North America

Properties: The fruit and refined oil are toxic

Symptoms: skin blisters, allergies, diarrhea, vomiting, tachycardia, coma, death

Onset time: 10-15 minutes

Detoxification: Drink plenty of water, intravenously

Name: Ergot, St. Anthony's Fire

Toxicity: Grade 5

Region: All regions

Properties: It is actually a fungal parasite that infects cereals, especially rye, and the toxicity can accumulate

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headache, numbness, coma, respiratory arrest, vasoconstriction, spasms, destruction of the central nervous system, mental abnormalities, death

Onset: days - weeks

Detoxification: sedative, use of activated charcoal after gastric lavage

Name: foxglove, magic needle

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Coastal America

Properties: Tall, the flowers are purple and white, the fruit is multi-seeded, and all parts are poisonous

Symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, slow pulse, irritation of the heart, death

Onset time: 20-30 minutes

Detoxification: Activated charcoal after gastric lavage, long-term use of potassium chloride

Note: Drugs that are used to treat heart disease in overdose

Name: Indian eye grass, asthma grass

Toxicity: Grade 5

Territory: Northern Hemisphere

Properties: The flowers are blue, red, and white, and all parts are poisonous

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, collapse, dilated pupils, coma, convulsions, death

Onset: 1 hour - several hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage, tranquilizers, artificial respiration

Name: Ipec

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Europe, America

Properties: The juice and berries are toxic, injections are more effective than oral administration, and toxicity can accumulate

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, mental fatigue. Dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, collapse, heart failure, death

Onset: Immediate, death within 24 hours to 1 week, but recovery takes 1 year

Detoxification: Morphine after gastric lavage, rest

Name: Tansy

Toxicity: Grade 5

Location: Europe, America

Properties: Evergreen, poisonous in all parts

Symptoms: convulsions, white foam, spasms, dilated pupils, kidney failure, death

Onset: hours

Detoxification: gastric lavage

Note: It can kill parasites and induce miscarriage

Suggestion: In the Middle Ages, it was an important tool for witchcraft

Others - mistletoe (Christmas decorations, hanging on the door with small red fruits), white snakeweed, etc. have a certain toxicity, please use with caution