It is human nature to indulge in leisure and to work hard.

And the farmer refers to the farmer. The Tian family, a family engaged in agriculture. A school of scholarship that reflected agricultural production and peasant thought in the pre-Qin period. It is advocated to persuade the cultivation of mulberry to have enough food and clothing. Also known as "farmhouse stream." Xu Xing (c. 390-315 BCE), a contemporary of Mencius, is found in Mencius Tengwen Gong I. He relied on the words of the ancient Shennong clan to promote his ideas, and was a representative figure of the peasant family in the Warring States period. Xu Xing has dozens of disciples, and they live an extremely simple life, wearing ordinary coarse cloth clothes, and making straw sandals and mats for a living. They have no land and live a wandering life. They came to Teng from the state of Chu, not to pursue high-ranking officials, but to get a piece of land and a house so that they could settle down and engage in farming.

Recognize that the emperor's life is extremely simple... Wear plain coarse cloth clothes...... By playing straw sandals...... Weaving mats for a living...... No land...... Live a life of wandering.

Is it possible?

Therefore, although the emperor also attaches great importance to the peasants, there is even the position of the great farmer among the emperor's officials.

Dasi Nong, the official in charge of the country's finance and economy during the Qin and Han dynasties, gradually evolved into an official in charge of the national warehouse or the persuasion of agriculture and mulberry.

In the first year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (143 years ago), it was renamed Da Nong Ling, and in the first year of Emperor Wu Taichu (104 years ago), it was changed to Da Si Nong. When the new mang was called Xihe, it was later changed to Nayan, and it was renamed Dasi Nong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, or simply the official name. Qin Zhizhi Su Nei History. The Western Han Dynasty is one of the nine Qings. In the first year of Emperor Jing (143 BC), it was renamed Da Nong Ling. The first year of Emperor Wu (104 BC). Then it was changed to Dasi Nong. Zhangqian Valley, the chief financial officer of the state, is ranked alongside the Shaofu who manages the emperor's private wealth. The subordinate officials include Taicang, Junyi, Pingzhun, Dunei, Jitian Wuling, Cheng, Huiguan, Tieshi two chiefs, Cheng, and the county and state Zhucang Agricultural Supervisor, Dushui, a total of 65 chiefs and Cheng. Wang Mang changed Dasi Nong to Xihe, and changed it to Nayan. The Eastern Han Dynasty restored its name, and its duties remained the same, and only the salt and iron were assigned to the county management. After the end of the Han Dynasty, the financial revenue and expenditure were assigned to the degree of Shangshu, and various financial officials appeared one after another. The authority of the Great Si Nong was reduced. According to records, in the Western Han Dynasty, Dasi Nong collected more than 400,000 yuan from the people every year. It paid for all the expenses of the officials, military expenses, and engineering construction. In addition, it manages some government-run agriculture and handicraft industries. Some of the official fields distributed in various places were cultivated by the Dasi Nong, and the boiling salt and iron smelting of the official camp were also under the supervision of the Dasi Nong. When Emperor Wu set up the leveling standard, both lost, and this kind of government commerce was also under the management of Dasi Nong (see the two Han Dynasty both lost, and the two Han Dynasty were equalized).

The early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Dasi Nong inherited the Qin system and was still named Su Neishi, and was renamed Da Nong Ling when Emperor Jing. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (104 B.C.), he was officially called Dasi Nong. Yan Shi Guyun: Si Nong leads the world's money valley for the common use of the country. 1. Specifically, it is responsible for the collection of taxes such as land rent, manuscript tax, calculation of taxes, endowments, endowments, changes of endowments, and calculation of taxes, and also operates the production and monopoly of salt, iron and wine. Engaged in commercial activities such as equalization and leveling. It also manages the transportation and allocation of materials. Responsible for the financial expenses of state officials, military and political expenses, etc. Dasi Nong has officials at the central and local levels who are in charge of various financial affairs. Dasi Nong's adjutant in the central government has Dasi Nong Zhongcheng, who is in charge of the construction of Qian Valley. There is also the Great Si Nongcheng, who is in charge of salt and iron or government-run commerce. The first year of Emperor Wu's reign (110 BC). According to Sang Hongyang's suggestion, a number of people from the Ministry of Agriculture were set up to manage the county and the country to transport salt and iron. Dasi Nong's subordinate officials in the central government had the Taicang Order, which was mainly responsible for collecting and storing rice and millet, and was responsible for supplying the rations of the officials and in charge of the measurement system. There was also the Jitian Order, which was responsible for arranging for the emperor to plough the land himself, and was in charge of the harvest of the Jitian for sacrifice. The ancient tradition of the emperor ploughing the land can not only warn the people to remember the difficulties of their ancestors in starting a business and the hardships of the people's crops, but also a special form of persuasion by the feudal ruling group to do agricultural work. Emperor Wu Zhenghe four years (89 B.C.) on the cultivation in Juding, 2. had led hundreds of officials as far as Qi Juding to hold a great gift of home. (1) Preface to the Book of Han and the List of Hundred Officials and Ministers. (1) Yan's Note: "Urgent Chapter" Volume 4. (2) "Hanshu Wudi Ji". During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, there was a large internal government in charge of goods and goods, which was a parallel organization to the large agricultural order that was in charge of grain goods at that time. In order to strengthen the centralized and unified management of the state's finances, Emperor Wu changed the name of the Great Agricultural Order to Dasi Nong, commanding the grain goods and financial goods, and changed the name of the Great Inner Order to the Du Nei Ling and demoted him to the official of the Great Si Nong. In addition to being in charge of hiding money, the Tokyo Metropolitan Order also manages the contributions, so the Tokyo is a place where the state's money and goods are stored, and the money hidden in the Tokyo is called forbidden money and cannot be used in general. There is also a guǎn (音管) official, who originally belonged to the Shaofu and was in charge of minting money. In order to straighten out the financial relationship, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty assigned the chief of the Emperor to Dasi Nong in the first year of Taichu to assist in the management of the monopoly of salt and iron wine. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty carried out economic reforms, he further expanded the state's fiscal revenue. He successively set up a general manager of the average loss order under the big Si Nong to manage the affairs of the average loss, and led the average loss officials of each county. Set up a leveling order, which is responsible for collecting the world's commissions and stabilizing market prices. In the third year of the Tianhan Dynasty (98 B.C.), Emperor Wu set up an official to take charge of the sale of official wine. In order to solve the supply of military rations, Emperor Wu also set up a military financial officer 騪 (sōu, pronounced search) Su Duwei, who was mainly responsible for promoting the agricultural techniques of the military tun area, and sometimes led troops to fight. In addition, there was also the governor of Su, who was in charge of the financing of military expenses and assisted Dasi Nong in expanding financial resources. He also set up a messenger of rice fields, who was in charge of renting out public land and collecting false taxes. In addition to setting up adjutant officials and subordinate officials in the central organs to take charge of various tasks, Dasi Nong also set up dispatched offices in local counties to deal with specific affairs. "Hanshu Hundred Officials and Ministers Table Preface" cloud: The county and the state of Zhucang, the agricultural supervisor, and the sixty-five officials of the capital are all Yan. That is to say, Dasi Nong has a warehouse chief, agricultural supervisor, and capital water officials in all 65 counties. Among them, the head of the warehouse is in charge of collecting the rice and millet of the government or sending the rice millet to the central government, the chief of agriculture is responsible for supervising the cultivation of the official fields, and the chief of the capital water is in charge of repairing the rivers and canals of the county where he is located, leveling the water, and collecting fishing taxes. During the period of Emperor Wu, all the losing officials were set up in each county. The average loss officer is also known as the average loss long or average long, and is in charge of adjusting the average report, and the loss committee is losing. In addition, each county also has a uniform loss supervisor, which is responsible for supervising the equalization of the matter. They carried out their work under the guidance of the Dasi Nong's equalization order, and formed a management and supervision system for the whole country. The Western Han regime also set up salt officials in various salt-producing areas. The salt officer, also known as the salt officer, is responsible for the management of salt administration. Iron officials were set up in the iron ore mining area to be in charge of iron administration. According to the Han seal sealing mud, the iron official is also known as iron mining or casting chief. Since Emperor Wu implemented the salt and iron official camp, the salt and iron officials in various places have been under the unified jurisdiction of Dasi Nong. "Salt and Iron Treatise" said: Emperor Xiaowu fought nine times, leveled Baiyue, several divisions and brigades, and lacked food, so he established a field official. It can be known that Emperor Wu also set up field officials in various places, such as the Qu Plough Tian Guan, the Horse Tian Guan, the North Fake Tian Guan, etc., to be in charge of the lease of public land and collect fake taxes. In order to develop agricultural production in the ethnic minority areas of the border counties, Emperor Wu also appointed the agricultural commander to take charge of the tuntian and the cultivation of the valley, and to manage the civil affairs of the tuntian district. In the literature, there are Zhangye Nongduwei, Shuo (Fang) Nongduwei and so on. Tian Guan and Nong Du Wei are also subordinate officials of Dasi Nong in various places.

At the beginning of Wei, a big farmer was set up, and Emperor Wen (Cao Pi) changed his name to Dasi Nong in the second year of Huang Chu (221 years), and Shu and Wu also had a big Si Nong. During the Han Dynasty, Dasi Nong was in charge of taxes, money, iron, and state revenues and expenditures, but in the Three Kingdoms period, due to the decentralization of power, he could only be responsible for the custody of these materials. One of the Nine Qings. The rank of Dasi Nong is 2,000 stones, and there are two Cheng below. The subordinate officials have Taicang, all lose, Pingzhun, Dunei, borrow Tian Wuling, Cheng, and the officials, the two chiefs of the iron city, and Cheng. The county's Ducang, Agricultural Supervisor, and Dushui also belong to Dasi Nong. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the subordinate officials under Dasi Nong were only Taicang, Pingzhun, Guansanling, and Cheng, and the rest were all reduced or subordinated to the county. Dasi Nong became a mere central treasurer.

After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the power of the great Si Nong was seized by the Du Zhi Shangshu, and gradually became the official who did not care about finance and accounting, and was mainly in charge of the country's warehouse, called Si Nongqing. Tang, Song followed. In the Yuan Dynasty, Dasi Nong changed his charge to persuade agriculture and mulberry, water conservancy, and famine relief. Abolished at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. The affairs of the former state warehouse, the Ming and Qing dynasties, were transferred to the management of the subordinate officials of the household department. However, because the Ming and Qing dynasties used the household department to control the grain and fields, they also called the household department Shangshu the great Si Nong. (To be continued......)