Now let's see what Confucianism is for, and what can become the heart of the emperor.

For what are the hundreds of schools of thought, only Confucianism laughed the most and became the heart of the emperor?

Is it Confucian thought in politics?

Confucian political thought is "benevolent government", "royal way" and "etiquette system", its ideals are "great harmony" and "great unification", and its political science mainly expounds the relationship between the monarch and the minister, and the relationship between the government and the people. Confucius's "the monarch makes the ministers courteous, and the ministers are loyal", Mencius "the people are the most important, the society is secondary, and the monarch is light", and Xunzi "does not obey the king, does not obey the father, and the great deeds of the people are also", which is the representative proposition of Confucian political science.

In the case of realpolitik, Confucianism demands obligations from both the ruler and the governed, and theoretically the ruled have the right to rebel against a ruler who does not normally assume obligations. "Benevolent government is easy to do" advocates distinguishing the difference between "can't" and "don't do", that is, the difference between "can't do" and "don't do". And its "no permanent production, because there is no perseverance" also reflects the people-oriented thinking.

In terms of international politics, Confucianism advocates the "distinction between Huayi". In ancient times, Huayi Zhizhi promoted the spread of advanced culture in the Central Plains, but in modern times, it became an obstacle to China's modernization.

Definitely.

From the perspective of Confucianism's political position, Confucianism not only requires that the people below must be loyal to the people above, but also requires the people above to have the appearance of the people above. In other words, Confucianism requires that the person above must be a wise monarch. "The Twenty-ninth Year of Xianggong": "Beautiful, beautiful! Big and graceful, dangerous and easy, supplemented by virtue." Then the Lord is also clear. "Historical Records: Biography of the Assassins": "The minister heard that the lord did not hide the beauty of people, and the loyal minister had the righteousness of death. Lu Xun's "New Story Compilation of Cai Wei": "He was originally the godson-in-law of Daji's uncle, making sacrificial wine, because he knew that the destiny of heaven was returned, so he brought fifty carts of luggage and eight hundred slaves and maids to join the master. ”】。

In this way, Confucianism does not advocate foolish loyalty, which has multiple meanings, one is slightly stupid and loyal or a little prejudiced, and the other is loyalty that ignores reason. The third is the behavior of those who are capable and loyal to those who are not. This term is determinative. It often refers to foolishly being faithful. Reckless of the consequences, not thinking about the cause, not weighing the pros and cons, just knowing that the Tao does something according to the order. Without their own ideas. 1. Slightly stupid and faithful or a little biased. "Warring States Policy: Zhao Ce II": "Today, Fengyang Jun donated the building. The great king will now have to go on a blind date with the people. Therefore, the ministers dare to offer their foolishness and be loyal to the foolish. Tang Hanyu's "Chaozhou Thorn History Xie Table": "Your Majesty mourns the foolish loyalty of the ministers, and forgives the ministers for being arrogant." Although the words of the minister can be sinful, there is no other heart. Song Luyou's poem "Made in the Boat": "Only the foolish and loyal have not been replaced, and there is still a thought in the Yuan Yuan." Ouyang Yuqian's "Loyal King Li Xiucheng" Act III: "The minister has only one piece of foolish loyalty, and he does his best. "2. Faithfulness that ignores reason. "Seven Ministers and Seven Masters": "The foolish ministers are deeply punished for their crimes, and they are heavily endowed with the Tao and the Tao is the best, so that the body is hated and the Lord is slandered, so it is called "Foolish and loyal and slanderous thieves." "Historical Records: Biography of Cool Officials": "Di Shan said: 'The minister is foolish and loyal, if the imperial historian Tang (Zhang Tang) is deceitful and loyal. Continuation of Fan Ting's "Testimonial": "Let me really tell you, although there is a traitorous Qin Hui now, there will not be many Yue Wumu who is stupid and loyal to the country!" 3. The behavior of capable and loyal to incapable people is usually used to evaluate the "capable person" who completely obeys the command of the "incapable person", resulting in his inability to perform normally. Derogatory. It often refers to being ignorant and faithful, reckless of the consequences, not thinking about the cause, not weighing the pros and cons, only knowing that the Tao does something according to the order, and has no idea of its own. It is said that Yuzhong has such a typical character. Zhu Mian wore a brocade robe, and Huizong tried to caress it with his hand, and then embroidered his hand on his shoulder. He also tasted the inner feast, and the emperor held his arm with his hand. Then he wrapped it in yellow silk. When I shook with someone, this arm did not move. As it is now. Zhu Mian was wearing a brocade robe, and Emperor Huizong once touched it with his hand, so he embroidered a gold handprint on his shoulder. Another time, he was invited to drink in the inner palace, and Emperor Huizong personally shook his arm. Zhu Mian wrapped the yellow silk around his arm. When interacting with people, this arm did not move, indicating that this arm had just been patted by the emperor. 】。

Even those officials who were highly used by the emperor used Confucianism to abolish the emperor and set up a new king.

For example, Huo Guang.

Huo Guang (unknown - 68 BC), the name Meng, Han nationality, Pingyang County, Hedong County, Western Han Dynasty (now Linfen City, Shanxi Province), politician, the head of the eleven heroes of the Qilin Pavilion, the half-brother of the famous general Huo Quai, the maternal grandfather of Emperor Zhao Shangguan Empress, and the father of Emperor Xuan Empress Huo. He successively served as Lang Guan, Cao Guan, Shizhong, Fengche Duwei, Guanglu Doctor, Da Sima, General and other positions, and was named Bo Lu Hou, nicknamed Xuancheng, and was also honored as Bo Lu Xuancheng Marquis. After three dynasties, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, he presided over the abolition of the King of Changyi. Huo Guang died in the second year of Emperor Xuan's festival, and the Huo family was punished for rebellion in the second year after his death. Huo Guang himself was seven feet three inches tall (about 1.7 meters), with fair skin, sparse eyebrows, and a beautiful beard, and was a famous beautiful man at that time. He was often mentioned by people and Yi Yin, called Yi Huo, and later generations often referred to the regents of the ministers and abolished the emperor by doing Yi Huo's deeds.

Huo Guang's father, Huo Zhongru, was a county official in Pingyang County, Hedong County, and gave birth to Huo Qu'an by fornication with Wei Shao'er, the daughter of Wei Yuan, the maid of the mansion, when he was in the Pingyang Hou Mansion in Chang'an around 141 BC. After Huo Zhongru returned to the Marquis of Pingyang, he married another wife and gave birth to Huo Guang, and he no longer had contact with Wei Shao'er. In the third year of Jianyuan (138 years ago), the eldest princess Liu Yan, the mother of Empress Chen, was pregnant by the palace maid Wei Zifu, who had been snubbed for a year because of jealousy, and kidnapped Wei Qing (Wei Zifu's brother), who was on an errand in Jianzhang, with the intention of killing, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry after knowing the Tao, and Feng Weiqing was the supervisor of Jianzhang, and his brother Wei Changjun was the same as the servant, and the third sister Wei Zifu was his wife, and the second sister Wei Shao'er was also able to marry the great-grandson of Chen Ping, the founder of the Western Han Dynasty, and Chen Zhang, who was the post of Zhan Shi at the time. In the second year of Yuanzhan (121 years ago), Huo went to the post of hussar general, and on the way to attack the Xiongnu, he was welcomed by Hedong Taishou to the Pingyang Marquis of the herald, and sent someone to invite Huo Zhongru to meet his father and son. Huo Quai's illness bought a large number of fields, houses, and slaves for Huo Zhongru and left. When Huo Qubing set out for a triumphant expedition this time, he visited Huo Zhongru again and brought his half-brother Huo Guang to Chang'an to take care of him. Huo Guang was only a teenager at the time. With the help of Huo Quai, he first served as a Lang official, and then moved to various Cao officials, serving in middle positions. In the sixth year of Yuanjia (117 BC), Huo Qu died of illness. Huo Guang was promoted to the positions of Fengche Duwei and Guanglu Doctor, serving Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was banned in and out of the palace for more than 20 years, without making a single mistake. Therefore, he was trusted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), after Prince Wei was forced to death by Jiang Chong with the scourge of witchcraft, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to appoint Liu Fuling, the son of Mrs. Gouyi, as the prince. and planned to order Huo Guang to assist. Emperor Wu ordered the painter in the palace to paint the "Picture of the Princes of the Zhou Dynasty and the Princes" to Huo Guang. hinting that he is ready to serve as an auxiliary. Subsequently, when he was dying in the second year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), he clearly designated Huo Guang as the general of the Great Sima, and assisted the then eight-year-old Emperor Zhao of Han together with Jin Riyan, Shangguan Ji, and Sang Hongyang. Previously, in the first year of the Later Yuan Dynasty (88 BC), Huo Guang had worked with Shangguan Ji and Jin Riyan to thwart the rebellion plot of the servant in the middle of the servant to shoot Mang He Luo and his younger brother to join the marquis. In the edict of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the three of them were named princes for this reason. However, some people also raised objections at that time, believing that Emperor Wu did not leave an edict to divide the three people at all. The Republic of China historian Lu Simian believes that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty entrusted Gu to Huo Guang and others is not credible. The matter of the monarch and the Duke of Zhou" and the painting of the Duke of Zhou's auxiliary political picture are actually nothing: Huo Guang is just the left and right guards around Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It's just a subordinate for the drive. How could it be that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached so much importance to him and had the heavy responsibility of entrusting his father? Jin Riyan was a Xiongnu, but in fact he was a foreigner, and it was impossible for him to entrust his benegator to a descendant of a foreign race who had a grudge against the Han regime for killing his father?

Huo Guang and Jin Ilyan, who were also auxiliary ministers, were married. The wife of Kim Il-pan's second son, Kim Woo-chan, is his daughter. Shangguan An, the son of another auxiliary minister, Shangguan Ji, married Huo Guang's eldest daughter. There is a female Shangguan clan. Shangguan An planned to make Shangguan, who was only six years old at the time, the queen was opposed by Huo Guang, so he turned to the path of the eldest princess and successfully achieved his goal. In order to repay Princess Gai, the Shangguan family wanted to make his lover Ding Wai the title of Liehou and Guanglu Doctor, but Huo Guang also rejected it. Huo Guang had previously prevented other relatives of the Shangguan family from becoming officials. As a result, the two sides became political enemies. Shangguan Ji's father and son, together with Princess Gai, Liu Dan, the king of Yan, and Sang Hongyang, the auxiliary minister, formed an alliance against Huo Guang, and pretended to be in the name of King Yan to take advantage of Huo Guang's vacation to the Han Zhao Emperor to frame Huo Guang for being disobedient, and responded internally and externally, ready to capture Huo Guang in one fell swoop, but Emperor Zhao, who was only fourteen years old at the time, saw through their conspiracy, ignored them, and appeased Huo Guang, and ordered to track down the origin of the Shangshu. Later, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty also ordered that if someone wrote a book to slander Huo Guang, he would be held accountable to the end. Seeing that they could not start from Emperor Zhao, Shangguan Ji and others decided to launch a coup d'état to kill Huo Guang, depose Emperor Zhao, and establish King Yan as emperor. However, Ji Lu leaked, and the Huo Guang clan killed Shangguan Ji's father and son and Sang Hongyang, and Princess Gai Chang and Yan Wangdan committed suicide. After that, Huo Guang became the de facto decision-maker of the government. During the reign of Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang was fully trusted by Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, so he was able to monopolize power, he took measures to recuperate, repeatedly granted amnesty to the world, encouraged agriculture, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty to a certain extent. Externally, it also eased relations with the Xiongnu and resumed the policy of peace and proximity. This period and the later Xuandi Dynasty were collectively known as Zhaoxuan Zhongxing, and historians believe that the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty, which had been exhausted by Emperor Wu's military policy after the reign of Wenjing, was restored during this period.

In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), Emperor Zhao of Han died, and he had no son. Huo Guang welcomed the accession of Liu He, the king of Sun Changyi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, to the throne, but after the 27th, he reported to the Empress Dowager Shangguan to abolish him on the grounds of fornication and immorality. After discussing with his ministers, Huo Guang decided to welcome Emperor Wu's great-grandson Liu Aiji (later renamed Liu Xun) to inherit the throne from the people. This is Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Huo Guang imitated Yin Shang Yiyin and abolished the establishment of the Son of Heaven, and since then people have been collectively called "Yihuo".

At the beginning of Emperor Xuan's accession to the throne, Huo Guang said that he wanted to return to the emperor, but Emperor Xuan did not accept it, and the decision of court affairs was still made by Huo Guang before reporting to the emperor. Emperor Xuan trusted Huo Guang on the surface, but he was very jealous in his heart, and when he was in the same car, "if there was a thorn in the back". Huo Guang himself made great achievements and laid the foundation for the later destruction of the whole family. After Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he did not make Huo Chengjun, the daughter of Huo Guang, the queen according to the proposal of the ministers, but euphemistically expressed that he would set up his own wife Xu Pingjun as the queen in the name of looking for the old sword. Huo Guang did not object, but on the grounds that Empress Xu's father, Xu Guanghan, had been punished by the palace, he objected to Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty appointing his stepfather as a prince in accordance with the practice of the Han Dynasty. Huo Guang's step-family was dissatisfied with his daughter not becoming the queen, and took advantage of Queen Xu's birth to buy the doctor Chun Yuyan behind Huo Guang's back and poisoned Queen Xu. After Empress Xu's death, Emperor Xuan held the doctor accountable. Chun Yuyan was put in prison for trial, and confessed the matter to Huo Guang in fear. Huo Guang was horrified and wanted to hold Xian responsible, but in the end, he covered up the past for her because of the relationship between husband and wife. Huo Chengjun was finally made the queen. In the second year of the festival (68 years ago), Huo Guang died of serious illness, and on his deathbed, he asked for 3,000 households of his fiefdom to his nephew Huo Shan, in order to inherit the incense of his brother Huo Quai.

After Huo Guang's death, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and the Empress Dowager Shangguan attended the funeral together, compared it with Xiao He, and buried it in Maoling with an emperor-level funeral. its funeral. There are jade clothes. Burial utensils such as Zigong Palace, Toilet Room, Yellow Intestine Inscription, etc., are buried in the Yellow House with a chariot and a yellow house. Huo Guang's widow was still not grand enough, and she put Huo Guang before her death and after Huo Guang's death. The relationship between Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and Huo Guangzi's nephew gradually deteriorated. The news of the poisoning of Empress Xu also began to circulate. Emperor Xuan did not start an investigation when he heard this. Instead, he first took measures to promote his relatives and Huo's political enemies to important positions. Emptying the military power of the children of the Huo family, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty first changed Huo Guang's son-in-law general Fan Mingyou to Guangluxun, and Yulin supervisor Ren Sheng became the Taishou of Anding County. He also changed Huo Guang's brother-in-law Zhang Shuo from the Guanglu doctor in the matter to the Shu County Taishou, his grandson-in-law Wang Han as the Wuwei County Taishou, and the Changle Palace Guard Deng Guanghan as the Shaofu, so as to seize their military power in the capital and clear the Huo family's peripheral power. Then he began to act against the Huo family, changed Huo Yu to the Great Sima, without a seal, and overhead the military power, Huo Guang's other son-in-law Zhao Ping's military power was also taken away, and the Huo family could no longer control the forbidden army of Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace. The Huo family decided to fight back in fear, Huo Yu planned to kill the prime minister Wei Xiang and Emperor Xuan's father-in-law Changchengjun Xu Guanghan, depose the emperor, in July 66 BC, the matter was revealed, Huo Yu was beheaded, Huo Yun and Huo Shan committed suicide, and the Huo family was beheaded all over the house. So far, Huo Guang's wife and son, nephew, son-in-law and other family members have all been killed or committed suicide except for the son-in-law Jin Xian, who was pardoned for denunciating the rebellion, and his daughter Huo Chengjun was also deposed in Zhaotai Palace and committed suicide twelve years later. Thousands of families in Chang'an City were implicated in the extermination of the clan. At that time, most people thought that Huo Jiagong was the master, and the cause of the clan annihilation had been buried during the period of Huo Guang's auxiliary government, and the murder of Empress Xu and the rebellion were just the fuse for the outbreak of the incident. After the destruction of the Huo family, the tomb of Huo Guang was not connected, and he was still buried in Maoling. In the third year of Ganlu (51 years ago), Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty surrendered because of the Xiongnu, recalling the past to assist the meritorious ministers, it is to make people draw the images of eleven meritorious heroes in the Qilin Pavilion to commemorate and praise, list Huo Guang as the first, and in order to show respect, only do not write the full name of Huo Guang, only respect the name "Great Sima, Great General, Bo Luhou, surnamed Huo". Since then, Huo Guang has been respected and sacrificed by the emperor of the Han Dynasty, during the period of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, there was an increase of 100 tomb keepers, the first two years of the Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty (2 years), with the great-grandson Huo Yang of Huo Guang's cousin of a thousand households as the Marquis of Bolu, enshrined Huo Guang.

After Emperor Liu Fuling of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Huo Guang presided over the government as the general of the Great Sima Dynasty, and was named Marquis of Bo in 85 BC. His daughter married Shangguan An, the son of Shangguan Ji. Later, Shangguan An's daughter Shangguan Feng'er entered the palace as Jieyu through the relationship of Princess Gai, and later became the queen. Shangguan An was able to crown Sang Lehou. In order to thank Princess Gai, Shangguan Ji asked for officials for the princess's cronies many times, but Huo Guang refused. Huo Guang controlled the government as the empress's maternal grandfather, which caused the contradictions between the two sides to become increasingly tense. Sang Hongyang disagreed with Huo Guang on matters such as salt, iron, and official camps. In 80 BC, Shangguan's father and son, Sang Hongyang, Liu Dan, the king of Yan who sought the throne, and Princess Gai Chang conspired together to kill Huo Guang, depose Emperor Zhao, and establish King Yan as the son of heaven. After the most Lu incident, the matter was revealed, Shangguan father and son, Sang Hongyang were punished by the clan, and King Yan and Princess Gai committed suicide. Since then, not only Huo Guangquan has leaned towards the opposition, but his sons, sons-in-law, and younger brothers have also held important positions, and Huo's power has reached its peak. During the period of assisting Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang continued to implement the policy of "resting with the people" in the last years of Emperor Wu, and the economy continued to develop and the country became rich. At the same time, it also restored its peaceful relations with the Xiongnu. These measures played an important role in stabilizing the turbulent situation since the late period of Emperor Wu and restoring the social economy. In 74 BC, Emperor Zhao died of illness because he had no son, and Huo Guang supported the accession of Liu He, the grandson of Emperor Wu. But Liu He was deposed because of immorality, and Huo Guang established Liu Xun, the great-grandson of Emperor Wu, who was Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. After Emperor Xuan ascended the throne, Huo Guang continued to govern the government and received many rewards from Emperor Xuan. In 68 BC, Huo Guang fell ill and died. As we all know, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's economic policies such as the official camp of salt and iron and the equal loss of wine and wine were implemented under the condition of counterattacking the Xiongnu and financial emptiness. Its implementation enabled the Han Dynasty government to broaden its financial resources, increase its tax revenue, and have a relatively strong material base to support the long-term war, thus continuously expanding its territory and stabilizing the frontier. Under the circumstances, the implementation of this economic policy was undoubtedly correct. But. The implementation of the government-run policies of salt and iron, wine, and equal loss gradually concentrated a part of the wealth in the hands of big bureaucrats, big landlords, and big businessmen, and deprived the interests of small and medium-sized landlords. The situation in which officials "commit rape and sell peace" and "peasants suffer heavily, and women are re-taxed" and "rich officials and wealthy businessmen accumulate goods and store goods to wait for their urgency, and traitors who lightly collect lowly goods to gain wealth" have made small and medium-sized landlords and ordinary people increasingly impoverished. Therefore, at the beginning of Emperor Zhao's accession to the throne, Huo Guang focused on whether to change the economic policies such as salt and iron official camps, wine, and equal losses. Fought against Sang Hongyang and others. The first year of Emperor Zhao (86 BC) leap December. Huo Guang sent the then Tingwei Wang Ping and five people to the county to inspect the virtuous and virtuous, and visit the people's suffering, grievances, and people who have lost their jobs, in preparation for the convening of the salt and iron conference. February of the sixth year of Emperor Zhao (81 BC). Huo Guang brought the virtuous and literary people cited by the county to the capital. It was presided over by Prime Minister Tian Qianqiu and Yushi Dafu Sang Hongyang. The Salt and Iron Conference began in earnest. Although Huo Guang did not attend the meeting in person to participate in the debate, his intention to change the economic policies of the salt and iron government, the wine industry, and the equalization of losses was very clear. The debate at the meeting revolved around the issue of insisting on or abolishing the salt and iron bureaucracy and losing evenly. It involves all aspects, including major issues such as the treatment of the Xiongnu and domestic governance, which is actually a general evaluation of the politics and economy of the Han Wu Emperor period, and also a big discussion before Emperor Zhao implemented a new policy. Because the implementation of the policies of salt and iron official camping, wine and wine, and equal loss directly harmed the interests of small and medium-sized landlords, the virtuous and literary people cried out and demanded that this policy be changed, and the imperial historian Sang Hongyang, who represented the interests of the big landowners and big merchants at that time, resolutely opposed the change of this policy on the grounds that this policy brought strength to the Han Dynasty. After this discussion, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty ordered that in July of that year, the policies of salt and iron official camps and equal losses were abolished. This fundamentally suppressed the interests of big landlords and big businessmen, eased social contradictions to a certain extent, adjusted class relations, and thus enabled the economy of the Han Dynasty to embark on the road of recovery and development. "At the end of Emperor Wu, the sea was wasted, the household registration was halved, Huo Guang knew the importance of the times, lightly paid for the meager endowment, and rested with the people. As for the Huns and relatives, the people are full, and they are a little embarrassed by the industry of literature and scenery. This is Ban Gu's evaluation of the situation at that time in the Book of Han, which can also prove the necessity of abolishing the salt and iron official camps. Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty reigned for 13 years, and due to the assistance of Huo Guang, he laid a certain foundation for the consolidation of the Han Dynasty and the stability and development of society. After the death of Emperor Zhao, the political situation of the Han Dynasty was chaotic for a time, but because its political foundation was relatively solid, the political situation quickly calmed down after a short period of chaos. Emperor Zhao has no heirs, and after his death, who will inherit the throne is a difficult problem faced by Huo Guang and other ministers. At that time, the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as Liu Xu of the King of Guangling, but he acted inappropriately and lost the royal system, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not like him very much during his lifetime, so they chose the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu He, who was the king of Changyi, and let him inherit the throne. But this Liu He was originally a gentleman, and he was extravagant. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died, he actually went hunting around during the mourning period, and although his subordinates did not stop admonishing him, he still indulged himself. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang and other ministers sent a car in the name of the Empress Dowager to welcome him into Beijing and ascend the throne, and he was overjoyed. On the way to Beijing, he sent people to plunder the women and property of the people, and let his subordinates and family members wear the official uniforms of the assassin history, and made the official knight, and let him do whatever he wanted. Seeing this situation, Huo Guang and other ministers all felt that the situation was serious, and if it was not dealt with as soon as possible, the Han family would be handed over to Liu He. So on the 27th day of Liu He's accession to the throne, Huo Guang summoned all the ministers, liehous, and doctors in the court to Weiyang Palace, held a meeting, and announced in public the intention to abolish Liu He and elect another virtuous man. When the ministers, doctors, and others present at the meeting heard the news, they were all surprised, because the matter of abolition was so important that no one dared to speak. Seeing this situation, Tian Yannian immediately stood up and spoke, pretending to reprimand Huo Guang, saying that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty entrusted the world of the Han family to Huo Guang, just because Huo Guang was loyal to the Han family and could make the Han Dynasty peaceful for a long time. If Liu He's throne continues to be maintained, then the Han family will be ruined, and you, Huo Guang, will die in the future, so what face will you have to see Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty! He held the hilt of his sword in his hand, and said sternly, claiming that if anyone dared to oppose the abolition of Liu He, he would be killed on the spot. Seeing this scene, the participants all agreed to be presided over by Huo Guang, abolish Liu He, and elect another virtuous master. Therefore, Huo Guang, together with Du Yannian, Yang Chang and others, wrote a letter very carefully, listing Liu He's various bad deeds, playing the fifteen-year-old Empress Dowager Shangguan, who presided over the Han family at that time, and summoned Liu He to the Chengming Hall of Weiyang Palace, read out the letter, abolished Liu He on the same day, and arrested all his officials, and then sent Liu He back to Changyi (now Changyi Town, Juye County, Shandong Province). Then, he will be the great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Wei Zifu, who has lived in the folk for a long time, and the grandson of Prince Er. The eighteen-year-old Liu Ai (Liu Xun) was established as the emperor, and this was Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. The establishment of a new ruler was the need to stabilize the whole country at that time, but what kind of emperor to establish was a question related to whether the Han Dynasty could maintain long-term stability. Huo Guang considered both the former and the latter. Therefore, he would rather bear the notoriety of the so-called unauthorized abolition of the Han dynasty than overthrow the Han dynasty. This shows his loyalty to the Han family and a high degree of responsibility to the country. Facts have proved that Huo Guang chose Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, which made the Han Dynasty maintain a prosperous situation. After Emperor Xuan of Han ascended the throne, Huo Guang continued to assist the government. Until death.

After the death of Emperor Wu. Emperor Zhao, who succeeded to the throne, was only eight years old, and all political affairs were decided by the great Sima and the general Huo Guang. Together with Huo Guang, Shangguan An, the son of Shangguan Ji, who was entrusted by Emperor Wu, married Huo Guang's daughter. He had a daughter. In the third year of the first century (84 B.C.). The woman was only five years old. After Shangguan Ji's father and son wanted to send him to the palace as Emperor Zhao, they were rejected by Huo Guang. Later, Shangguan An achieved the goal through the relationship between the male pet of Princess Gai, the eldest daughter of Emperor Wu. Shangguan An was named the general of the chariot cavalry. Huo Guang rejected the request of Shangguan Jie's father and son to make outsiders a liege, which caused the resentment of Shangguan Jie's father and son and Princess Gai. Sang Hongyang also wanted to seek officials for his children because he believed that he had implemented the monopoly of salt and iron during the time of Emperor Wu, and he was also dissatisfied with Huo Guang's dictatorship. These forces opposing Huo Guang gathered around Yan Wangdan and plotted to get rid of Huo Guang. Yan Wang Dan is the son of Emperor Wu. After the death of the crown prince Liu Ju due to the scourge of witchcraft, Liu Dan became the prince in order. But he was eager to succeed to the throne, but he was disgusted by Emperor Wu, not only failed to become the crown prince, but was cut off from the three counties of the country, which greatly disappointed Liu Dan. After Emperor Zhao succeeded to the throne, Liu Dan was even more dissatisfied, and rebelled with Liu Chang, the son of King Wai of Zhongshan, and Liu Ze, the grandson of King Qi Xiao, but later failed due to the incident. Liu Ze and others were sentenced to death, and Liu Dan was granted permission to be ruled because he was close to Emperor Zhao. Liu Dan did not have the slightest intention of repentance, and secretly stepped up his efforts to oppose Huo Guang and Emperor Zhao, and constantly contacted Shangguan Ji and others. In the first year of Yuanfeng (80 BC), Liu Dan wrote a letter accusing Huo Guang of being autocratic, suspected of being extraordinary, and asked to enter Beijing to guard, preparing to take the opportunity to get rid of Huo Guang together with Shangguan Ji and others. After their conspiracy to frame Huo Guang went bankrupt, they prepared to assassinate Huo Guang in the name of feasting him, and then depose Emperor Zhao and make Liu Dan the Son of Heaven. After the incident was exposed, Huo Guang killed Shangguan Ji, Shangguan An's father and son, Sang Hongyang, Ding Wairen and their clans. Liu Dan, the king of Yan, and Princess Gai committed suicide and died. History calls this incident the Yan Gai Rebellion, and the failure of the Yan Gai Rebellion is a sign that Huo Guang has cleared the opposition of its power. At this time, Jin Riyan had already died, and Shangguan Ji and Sang Hongyang were killed, Huo Guang's power was flourishing, and his family was conjoined by the party, according to the imperial court: Huo Guang's son Huo Yu and his brother's grandson Huo Yun were both Zhonglang generals, Huo Yun's brother Huo Shan was the captain of Fengche, leading Hu Yuebing, Huo Guang's two sons-in-law Fan Mingyou and Deng Guanghan were the captains of the East and West Palaces, and the other Kundi, sons-in-law, and grandsons were all invited by the court, Dr. Cao, and the captains of the horses. After Emperor Zhao performed the crown ceremony, he still continued to appoint Huo Guang. In the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), the 22-year-old Emperor Zhao fell ill and died. Because he had no queen, the ministers elected Liu Xu, the only surviving son of Emperor Wu, to succeed him. The history books say that Liu Xu is good at advocating fun and leisure, and his actions are unacceptable, not loved by Emperor Wu, nor are he expected by the public, so some people put forward the opinion that Liu Xu, the king of Guangling, could not inherit the temple, Huo Guang immediately agreed, and then succeeded to the throne by Liu He, the king of Zhaochangyi, the empress dowager. Soon after Liu He entered the court and received the emperor's seal, Huo Guang led his ministers to play the empress dowager and depose him in the name of fornication, loss of imperial etiquette, disorder of the Han system, and several admonitions. In 74 BC, Huo Guang chose the eighteen-year-old Liu Xun, the grandson of Emperor Wu's crown prince Liu Ju, to succeed him as Emperor Xuan. After Liu Ju died due to the scourge of witchcraft, Liu Xun, who was only a few months old, was sent to the people for adoption, and later returned to the palace after being pardoned, and was called the great-grandson of the emperor, but his status was no different from that of a commoner, and he married the daughter of Xu Guanghan. Because he grew up in the folk since he was a child, he did not have many henchmen left and right, and he had no power in the central government, so Huo Guang welcomed Weiyang Palace and succeeded to the throne on the grounds of his frugality, benevolence and love. Emperor Xuan knew that the power of the Huo Guang family in the court was prosperous for a long time, and he could not be good in the house, so at the beginning of his succession, when Huo Guang said that he would return to the government, Emperor Xuan humbly let Huo Guang continue to control the government, and the ministers asked Huo Guang in advance, and then reported to Emperor Xuan. Every time Huo Guang entered the court to pay a visit, Emperor Xuan was strictly afraid of it, if there was a thorn in his back, he made a gesture of self-restraint and courtesy on the surface. Even so, it was inevitable that there would be a conflict with the Huo family. Lady Huo Guang intended to make her youngest daughter empress in order to further control the emperor. The ministers attached to Huo Guang and also suggested that Emperor Xuan Nahuo be the queen. Emperor Xuan did not forget the old righteousness and insisted on making the Xu family the queen, which caused the dissatisfaction of the Huo family. Huo's wife took advantage of the opportunity of Xu Hou's labor to instruct the female medical officer to poison her to death, and then Huo Guang exerted pressure to make Huo Nu the queen. Although Emperor Xuan was suspicious of Empress Xu's death, he was forced by the situation to show favor to Empress Huo. A year later (a year after Huo Guang's death), Emperor Xuan appointed Empress Xu's son as the crown prince, and Mrs. Huo Guang's old trick was repeated, teaching Empress Huo to poison the prince's diet, which failed. In the second year of Dijie (68 BC), after Huo Guang died of illness, Emperor Xuan began to govern in person. At this time, Huo Yu was the right general, Huo Shan was the commander of Fengche Duwei, and the Huo family was still very prominent, and the first room of Guangzhi was extravagant. Someone wrote to Emperor Xuan, saying that Huo Guang was autocratic and arbitrary, the lord was weak and the minister was strong, and his descendants were more and more arrogant. Because all the officials and people passed the book first, they were all detained by Huo Shan. In order to reduce the power of the Huo family, Emperor Xuan took a series of measures: first, he personally handled the government affairs, listened to the affairs every five days, and ordered all officials and people to report directly to the emperor without going through the Shangshu. Secondly, Prince Feng's maternal grandfather Xu Guanghan was the Marquis of Pingen, and Xu Guanghan's two younger brothers, one was the Marquis of Bowang and the other was the Marquis of Lecheng; After the most reluctant, the Huo family was transferred from the position of real power, such as moving Huo Yu to the great Sima, without a seal ribbon, and rejecting his right general Tun Military Office; Huo Guang's eldest son-in-law Deng Guanghan was transferred from Changle Weiwei to Shaofu; his son-in-law, General Du Liao, and Weiyang Wei Lieutenant Fan Mingyou were transferred to Guangluxun, and soon after, he received the seal of General Du Liao; the second son-in-law, the general of Zhonglang, and Ren Sheng, the supervisor of Yulin, were transferred out of the capital and appointed as the Taishou of Anding; Zhang Shuo, the son-in-law of Huo Guangjie, was transferred from the middle of the matter and the doctor of Guanglu to the Taishou of Shu County; and the son-in-law Zhao Ping rode the seal ribbon of the commander and was transferred to the rank of the commander of the scattered cavalry. Doctor Guanglu went to other places to garrison troops, and his grandson-in-law and Zhonglang transferred Wang Han to Wuwei Taishou. The generals of the Huo family, Hu Yuecai, Yulin and the guards of the two palaces, all of whom were led by Emperor Xuan's cronies, were all led by the sons of the Xu and Shi families, who were close to Emperor Xuan. The Huo family was unwilling to be cut in power, so they plotted to take the opportunity to kill Ping'en Marquis Xu Guanghan and the prime minister, and then issued an edict in the name of the empress dowager to abolish Emperor Xuan and establish Huo Yu. In the fourth year of the festival (66 BC), the conspiracy was revealed, Huo Yun and Huo Shan committed suicide, Huo Yu and others were beheaded and abandoned the city, and Queen Huo was abolished in Zhaotai Palace. Connected to the Huo Clan, there are thousands of people who sit and exterminate. Although Emperor Xuan exterminated the Huo clan, he did not disagree with Huo Guang in terms of governance policy, and basically continued the ruling policy of Emperor Zhao during the period of light taxation and resting with the people, and repeatedly reduced or exempted rents from the whole country or some regions. Emperor Xuan also inherited the law of Emperor Zhao and lent the gardens and public fields of the capital and various counties to farmers for cultivation to reduce the price of salt. Politically, Emperor Xuan also attached great importance to the selection of officials, paid attention to the level of punishment and prison, and even personally tried major prisons in the Xuanmur Hall of Weiyang Palace. These political and economic measures of Emperor Xuan continued to ease the social contradictions in the last days of Emperor Wu, and agricultural production began to rise. According to historical records, the price of grain at that time dropped to five yuan per stone, and the remote Jincheng and Huangzhong areas were only eight yuan per stone, which was the lowest grain price record since the Western Han Dynasty. A series of political and economic measures implemented by Emperor Zhao and Emperor Xuan alleviated the social contradictions in the last years of Emperor Wu to a certain extent, and the Western Han Dynasty appeared a prosperous scene for several decades. (To be continued......)