According to historical research, in ancient China, the development of Manichaeism mixed elements such as Taoism, Buddhism, White Lotus, and Islam. The peasant uprisings of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties were often used as organizational tools. Zhang Jiao is often respected as the ancestor.

Who is Zhang Jiao?

The leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, a true Taoist.

Therefore, even the Fangla Rebellion and the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty also had elements of Taoist liberalism.

As for the Tianli religious rebellion, it is even more inseparable from the Taoist factor.

The Tenrikyo rebellion was the Tenrikyo armed rebellion.

Although the armed rebellion of the Tenrikyo Sect was an organized and planned uprising, because of the slogans such as "Kill officers and soldiers to deal with the catastrophe" and "If you want to eat white noodles, unless Lin Qing sits in the temple" as mobilization, the mass base was not extensive, not solid, and there was a lack of preparation for struggle, and it was quite blind. In addition, the disparity in strength between the two warring sides is too great, and defeat is inevitable. The rebellion, with less than 100 low-level working people in Gyeonggi, dared to take the risk of "directly violating the forbidden que" and trying to seize power, as Emperor Jiaqing said in his "Edict on Crime in the Face of Change", it was "something that had never happened in the Han, Tang, Song, and Ming dynasties" and was a heavy blow to the feudal rulers.

From September to December of the 18th year of Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty (1813), Lin Qing and Li Wencheng led an armed rebellion in eastern Henan and Gyeonggi Tianlijiao.

Tianli Sect is a branch of the White Lotus Sect, formerly known as the Ronghua Society, Longhua Society, also known as the Bagua Sect and the Baiyang Sect, and is the largest of the many folk secret religious organizations in Zhi, Lu, and Henan. There are many tribes, and because of their different teachers, they form a system and do not belong to each other. In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, the Ronghua Society was banned for cult crimes, and the head of the sect, Song Jinyao, was sentenced. Lin Qing took over as the head of the sect and changed its name to Tianli Sect. After three years of missionary and organizational activities, by the sixteenth year, the branches of the Bagua Sect were organized by Lin Qing and Li Wencheng, the head of the Nine Palaces hexagram, with a total of tens of thousands of followers. Li Wencheng "commanded the gossip" and "managed the nine palaces", and Lin Qing served as the supreme leader. In the first month of the 17th year, Lin Qing, Li Wencheng, and other important hexagram leaders held a meeting in Daokou Town (now Huaxian County) in Huaxian County, Henan Province (now Huaxian County) to make preparations for the organization of an armed insurrection: they divided the "Three Emperors," "Eight Palace Kings," and "Sixty-four Hexagrams" to unify the religious and military organizations; they agreed on the banner, uniform, and password, stipulating that the insurrectionary troops should hold up white flags, wrap their heads and tie their waists in white scarves, and take "victory" as the password, and discussed the plan for the insurrection, and scheduled the simultaneous uprising of the congregational congregations in the three provinces on September 15, 18 years. At that time, Lin Qing led the Zhili sect to attack the imperial palace in Beijing and overthrow the Qing Dynasty, and Li Wencheng and Feng Keshan attacked the government in eastern Henan and western Luxi respectively. In December of the 17th year, Li Wencheng went to Huangcun and agreed with Lin Qing to select 1,000 elite soldiers from Henan, disguise themselves as traders, and come to Beijing to support Lin Qing during the riot. After that, preparations for action began: mobilizing the congregation, distributing flags, building weapons, etc.

Li Wencheng ordered his military division Niu Liangchen to make weapons in Daren Mountain (now east of Jun County) and leak secrets. On the fifth day of September of the 18th year, Qiang Kejie, the magistrate of Huaxian County, arrested Li Wencheng and tortured his feet. Under the leadership of Li Wencheng's wife Zhang and others, the Tianli Sect of Huaxian County rebelled in advance, gathering 3,000 people to break through Huaxian County on the seventh day of the first month, rescue Li Wencheng, and kill Qiang Kejie and other officials in Zhixian County. Cultists in Caoxian, Dingtao, Jinxiang and other places in Shandong responded en masse and rioted in advance. In that year, it coincided with a great drought, and a large number of hungry people participated in riots because they could not live, killed officials and besieged the city, and captured Cao County and Dingtao City. The Qing Dynasty ordered Wen Shuihui, the governor of Zhili, Gao Qi, the governor of Henan, and Tongxing, the governor of Shandong, to lead the army to attack the rioters. Li Wencheng coped with the combined attack of the Qing army and failed to send troops to support Lin Qing according to the planned plan. Lin Qing did not know about Li Wencheng's arrest and the early riot in eastern Henan, so he still sent Chen Shuang and Chen Wenkui to lead a team of dozens of people to Beijing in disguise on 14 September. On the afternoon of the 15th, under the response of the eunuchs Liu Decai and Zhang Tai, they attacked the palace from the Donghua Gate and the Xihua Gate respectively. Chen Wenkui attacked all the way into the Xihua Gate, and fought with the Qing army in the Longzhong Gate, the Zhongzheng Palace, and the Yangxin Palace, but the outnumbered people were very different, and the Henan reinforcements failed to come to Beijing as scheduled, so most of them were annihilated. The first team that only attacked Donghua Gate was defeated and withdrew to Huangcun. The Qing army confessed to the captives that Lin Qing was in Huangcun, arrested Lin Qing on the 17th, and killed him on the 23rd. Due to the ineffectiveness of Wen Chenghui and others, Emperor Jiaqing changed the position of Na Yan, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, as the minister of the Qin Mission, and Yang Yuchun, the governor of Shaanxi, as his deputy, commanded the Qing troops in Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong provinces, as well as the two battalions of the Eight Banners Jianrui and Firearms, to attack Li Wencheng; the Qing army adopted the policy of both military attack and political disintegration, concentrating forces on the one hand to attack, and on the other hand declaring that "traitors and bandits will be punished, not cults," and strictly ordered that "local officials shall not be punished for causing trouble by sects and bandits" ("Na Wenyi Gong Recital", vol. 28). On October 27, the Qing army broke through Daokou Town, an important stronghold on the outskirts of Huaxian County, and then surrounded Huaxian County. At this time, the rebel forces in Shandong and Zhili had been defeated, and the Qing army recovered Cao County and Dingtao, and captured Feng Keshan in Xiongxian County (now Hebei). The Qing army "surrounded three and lacked one" on the county seat, leaving the north gate. Li Wencheng sneaked out by car, collected more than 4,000 scattered sectarians, and captured Sizhai in Huixian County (Sizhai in the west of the county, Taihang Mountain Pass to inspect Sizhai), in an attempt to develop into the mountainous area and support each other with Huaxian County. Yang Fang, the commander-in-chief of Shaanxi Town, Qingning, cooperated with the Jilin and Suolun soldiers led by Shangshu Tuojin, and set up an ambush to annihilate the more than 2,000 riot troops who attacked Wei County (50 miles northwest of Jun County, the old city of Wei County) by Sizhai, and took advantage of the situation to capture Sizhai. Li Wencheng self-immolated. The Qing army concentrated its forces to attack the county town day and night. At dawn on the tenth day of December, the Qing army blasted the city wall with gunpowder, opened the breach, and rushed into the city.

Fierce street fighting lasted until the night, and the remaining 3,000 people of the riot army failed to break through and were completely annihilated by the Qing army, and the riot failed. (To be continued......)