But before they left the store, the two of them fell on the threshold at the same time, and they lost their breath without even letting out a scream.

Liu Zhongzhou stroked his palms and laughed, "See, this is my hand." ”

Even Wujian frowned, these three people are too evil, where do they have the appearance of people in the Xuanmen.

The little half-immortal said: "Are the three of you going to have trouble with the younger generation?"

Liu Zhongzhou's throat moved, and he laughed twice: "If it weren't for you, the three of us would have to travel all the way here to endure hardships." ”

Xiao Banxian completely affirmed his guess at this time, the sword light in his hand flashed, and the Futu Sword was already in his hand, this was the first time that Xiao Banxian used the Futu Sword to aim at a fellow practitioner.

When Lu Da Niu saw the looming long sword, his face changed slightly, and he said, "Futu Sword?"

The little half-immortal was silent, and his attitude was already clear.

Lu Daniu smiled bitterly: "No wonder they refused to take this task, it was a hot potato." ”

Liu Zhongzhou said: "Those grandsons can only pat the horse and flatter, and there are a few who can really do things." ”

Liu Wenying stopped crying, and squeezed into Lu Daniu's arms, but still complained: "Alas, I knew that this was the case, and I didn't take it." ”

This time, it is already tense.

Two more people ran out of the inn kitchen, and Mo Liunian hurriedly said, "Don't go out." ”

But the two of them were eager to survive, and they ran out, and everyone saw the two of them fall on the threshold.

Killing people like this is like hemp, and the Buddha has fire.

Wujian pronounced the Buddha's name, and as soon as his body moved, he had already come to the side of the little half-immortal, and as soon as he made a move, he attacked Liu Zhongzhou, although Liu Zhongzhou was good at poisoning, but other practices had not been left behind, but he found that no matter how he changed his body, he couldn't avoid the other party's seemingly ordinary palm.

Do you know about those awesome families in ancient China? Ancient Chinese Clans (2)|Send friends to share||database

Today

The article is reprinted from the official account Inspiration Island Inspiration Island, written by Yu Changsheng cat

In response to the demands of the masses, we update the Ancient China Chapter of the Clans today (2)

If you haven't seen (1), you can go and see it first.

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Thanks to Apple Hao for sharing!

Without further ado, let's pick up the content of the previous issue -

(PS: Don't blame the editor for being verbose, history really needs to be savored, and there are many references...... ）

3

The era of the clan

In the last issue, we talked about that in the process of recovering the Han Dynasty by the son of the plane "Liu Xiu", he was greatly helped by many "landlords and heroes".

After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, with the concept of Confucianism governing the country and the "inspection system" of the selection of officials, these "landlords and heroes" evolved into the folk "family family" and entered the "world clan era".

The family began to rise from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and gradually declined with the birth of the "imperial examination system" in the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The editor will sort it out for you in chronological order.

1

Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a very famous official called "Dong Xuan", if you have studied the text of "Strong Order" in junior high and high school, you can recall it.

Princess Shihuyang killed people in the daytime, because she hid the master's house, and the officials couldn't get it.

And the master travels, and the slave rides, declares in the Xiamen Pavilion to wait, is to stop the car and knock the horse, draw the ground with a knife, say the loss of the master, get off the slave, because of the killing...... The emperor ordered the little yellow door to hold on, so that Xuan kowtowed to thank the Lord, and Xuan did not obey;

The lord said: "When Uncle Wen was in white clothes, he hid and died, and the officials did not dare to go to the door; now he is the Son of Heaven, and he can't make an order?" The emperor smiled and said: "The Son of Heaven is not the same as the white clothes!"

- "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of the Cool Officials"

Translations:

"Son of the Plane" Liu Xiu's sister "Princess Huyang", a domestic servant with a slight status killed someone, and the local officials were helpless (the emperor's sister's house slave).

As a result, Dong Xuan took advantage of the house slave to go out, and Dong Xuan intercepted him halfway and killed the murderous house slave.

Princess Huyang complained to Liu Xiu, after all, it depends on the owner to beat the dog, and this "Dong Xuan" actually killed his subordinates in front of the princess...... But in the end, Liu Xiu still did not embarrass "Dong Xuan".

Princess Huyang complained to "Liu Xiu" again, when you were still a civilian, our family had a "death row prisoner", where did the magistrate dare to ask, you are now the Son of Heaven, why is our family not as good as before?

Liu Xiu replied that the Son of Heaven's family was different from civilians......

Through the above article, you can understand:

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the "local heroes were strong", and how powerful they were - the local officials did not dare to ask about the private collection of death row prisoners.

Then why is the "local heroic" so bullish, and even the local officials have to retreat?

Number one: have money!

In ancient times, when productivity was low, land was one of the most important measures of wealth.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the "local heroes" had a huge "manor property" in the township, and in order to protect these "properties", there were even independent armed (Zhuangke) guards, as well as the ability and prestige to call on the villagers.

Liu Xiu's wife: Yin Lihua's family "became extremely rich, with more than 700 acres of land, and was subordinate to the horses, compared to Bangjun".

There are more than 700 hectares of land at home, so a family with a foreign surname lived a life comparable to that of the "princes and kings" surnamed Liu in the Han Dynasty.

Liu Xiu's grandfather Fan Chong: "To open up more than 300 acres of land. The houses where it rises all have heavy halls and high pavilions, and the canals are poured into ...... The capital is huge, and the clan is supported, and the Enjia Township is ...... The county is called beautiful and promoted as the three elders. At the end of his eighties. He faked millions of lenders, and ordered the deed to be burned......"

When the old rich man died at the age of eighty, he immediately forgave the millions of loans borrowed by the villagers......

These "local heroes" were the founders of rural order in the Taiping era. When troubled times come, you can casually pull up a "righteous army" of thousands of people.

Why do local officials whose "salary" is only a few dozen dou a month dare not offend the local tyrants with hundreds of hectares of land and tens of thousands of family fortunes, everyone can basically understand......

The second point: there is power!

In the countryside, there is land and land, and there are manors and armies, so at most he can be regarded as a "big landlord" or "rich man".

You "hide and hide death", this is disregard for the king's law, after all, you are working against the "Son of Heaven and the king's law", but what if you and the "Son of Heaven" are a family?

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, they not only had land in the countryside, but also had their own spokesperson in the court-Shiguan!

In the history books of the Eastern Han Dynasty, whenever "local heroes and powers" are mentioned, they are often accompanied by the phrase "two thousand stones for many generations".

What does 2,000 stone mean?

The Eastern Han Dynasty officials' salaries were settled according to "grain", and the first-class officials were "three dukes" and were paid ten thousand stones.

1) 10,000 stones: three public (the list is not copied, the same below), 350 Hu in the Moon Valley (note: 1 Hu = 1 stone = 10 buckets), 4200 stones a year;

2) Middle 2,000 stones: Jiuqing, etc., 180 Hu in Yuegu, 2160 stones a year;

3) True 2,000 stones: the princes are equal, 150 husks in the moon valley, 1800 stones a year;

4) 2,000 stones: county Taishou, etc., 120 Hu in the Moon Valley, 1440 stones a year;

5) Than 2,000 stones: Guanglu doctors, etc., 100 Hu in the Moon Valley, 1200 stones a year;

The official position of "two thousand stones" is at least the official position of the first five grades, the core of the official circle of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Xiu's second sister: Deng Chen, the husband of "Princess Xinye", is the official of "2,000 stones".

Why don't local officials dare to offend the "local heroes", because they are "relatives of the boss, the boss, the boss"!

There are hundreds of hectares of land in the countryside, and there are "2,000 stones" officials in the court, which can be called "local heroes".

Third: Scholarly fame!

After Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty, he implemented "Confucianism to govern the country", and elected officials with Confucianism - "inspection system", and "local heroes" added a third halo of "scholarly fame"!

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Confucianism was popular in the society, and whoever had a profound knowledge of "Confucianism" had a high reputation.

These "celebrities" either became a member of the "local heroes" through marriage, or they directly became "local heroes" through being officials.

Through the rapid improvement of "social fame", the "local heroes" have initially evolved into "big families".

Rich, powerful, family children, or talented people!

Commoners not only do not "envy, envy and hate", but also appreciate and respect you, and among scholars, your reputation is good, and talented people still come to you - this is the real "family".

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty: eunuchs and relatives fought for power, the Yellow Turban was in turmoil, and Dong Zhuo entered Beijing...... The Eastern Han Dynasty entered the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms.

The family family, in this chaos, once again showed their strength.

The editor used to read "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", but in fact, I didn't understand why so many "forces" suddenly appeared, and these "forces" were actually "big families".

Cao Cao, when he raised his troops, he relied on the "Qian Pei warriors", the Xiahou family......

In the early days of the Three Kingdoms, Yuan Shao's strategists were like clouds, relying on the "Yingchuan family", the Chen family, the Han family, the Zhong family, and the Xun family......

The "Fifth and Third Princes" of the Runan Yuan family (hereditary Mencius) is itself a super family with the Hongnong Yang family (Shichuan Shangshu) of the "Fourth Taiwei".

Sun Ce, the little overlord, stationed in Jiangdong, "punished the heroes", attacked the local clans, and was finally assassinated and hacked to death by the retainers of the "family" while hunting......

The Three Kingdoms were established, and Uncle Liu Huang, who was born as a "grass people", and his Shu Han, from beginning to end, could not overpower Cao Wei, who was established in the "big family" and had fierce generals and strategists......

In 249, Sima Yi launched the Gaopingling Rebellion and seized the military power of Cao Wei...... The Three Kingdoms were united again in the house of Jin Sima.

Cao Wei, and Sima Jin dynasties, in order to win over the family, set up the "Nine Grades Zhongzheng System" - the younger brother of the family, even if he does not learn and has no skills, he can still be an official, and his political status will be more stable from then on.

2

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Social Background:

In 265 AD, Sima Yan replaced Wei Lijin.

In 280, Jin destroyed Wu and unified the whole country.

Eleven years later, from 291 to 306, the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" broke out for 11 years.

Ten years later, in 316, the Hu rebellion occurred, known as the "Five Hu Chaohua", the Western Jin Dynasty perished, and since then it has entered the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" for nearly 300 years and divided the country.

Family:

The family is divided at the same time.

A part of the clan, under the leadership of the Langya Wang clan, crossed the Yangtze River in the south, known as the "Yiguan Nandu" in history, established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south, and continued the rule of the Jin.

The southern clan, at the beginning, dominated by the "Zhou family", then the "Langya Wang family", and then the Yingchuan Yu family

, Long Kanghuan, Chenjun Xie......

In 548 AD, the southern Liang general Hou Jing launched an armed rebellion, and the south fell into economic devastation and has been in decline ever since.

In the north, the big families gathered the villagers and set up a dock fort to defend themselves...... It gradually developed into a local separatist force with economic independence and strong combat effectiveness, and survived in the north.

Even the Hu regime in the Central Plains had to win over these separatist forces.

Finally, in the chaotic northern Guanlong area, a new family group was born that "used Wu Daiwen" to establish the world - Hongnong Yang, Longxi Li, Yuan, Yuwen (Northern Zhou), Henan Changsun, Dou, known as "Guanlong Group" in history.

Yang Jian of the "Hongnong Yang Clan" of the Guanlong Group later usurped the Northern Zhou Dynasty, established the Sui Dynasty, destroyed the Southern Chen, and unified the whole country.

Subsequently, it was replaced by Li Tang, which achieved the later "Tang Dynasty".

In the middle of 300 years, the great clans of the north and south not only stood tall, but finally one of the northern clans, the "Guanju Group", finally unified Kyushu again.

After the integration of Hu and Han, the Chinese nation was reborn again and established the great empire of "East Asia" - Tang.

During this period, the family is more complicated, and the editor has collected the following interesting points.

1, the Western Jin Dynasty Shiwang Doufu

Shi Chong was the sixth son of Shi Bao, the founding father of the Western Jin Dynasty, and was also the "super rich" at that time. He fought with the emperor's uncle at that time to get rich, and left an amazing "history of luxury".

At that time, ordinary people went to the toilet, at most scraped with bamboo sticks, and then washed their hands.

However, Shi Chong's toilet is not only as gorgeous as the bedroom, but also has perfume in it, and after going to the toilet, you can also wait for more than a dozen women to change clothes.

At that time, the top two ministers in the DPRK were embarrassed to go to the toilet at his house.

The emperor's uncle Wang Kai, the same rich man in the capital, Wang Kai, fought with him to get rich.

Wang Kai brushed the pot with sugar water, and Shi Chong asked people to use candles as firewood after knowing about it. Wang Kai painted the walls with red stone grease, and Shi Chong brushed the walls with peppercorns.

Red stone resin is a precious medicinal material, and Sichuan pepper is a precious "spice" that can not necessarily be bought with money at that time, and the queen of the Eastern Han Dynasty can afford to live in a house with "Sichuan pepper painted on the wall".

The emperor saw that his brother-in-law Doufu was going to be pressed by Shi Chong, so he gave him the royal treasure "two-foot coral tree" and went to show off in front of Shi Chong.

When Shi Chong saw it, he directly smashed the "coral" in front of him, saying that what is the big deal about you, immediately lift out six or seven coral trees three or four feet high, and pay you compensation...... (Pretending to be a master of the world)

After a few rounds, the emperor's brother-in-law, Wang Kai, could only bow down......

2, Wei and Jin style bones

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were an era, but at the same time, it was also an era in which literati were active.

At the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", namely Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Shan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu, and Wang Rong.

On the one hand, these seven people despised etiquette, drank and sang, talked about metaphysics, took pills and refined medicines, and on the other hand, they admired nature and transcendence, thought about life, and made immortal cultural works in the history of Chinese civilization.

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