Bamboo board, legend has it that it was invented by Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu Hongwu), the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Factor Noble and bamboo board artists all worship Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu Hongwu) as their ancestors, and the portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu Hongwu) is hand-held bamboo board. The bamboo board is suitable for the beat accompaniment of various music and rap. Depending on the type of accompaniment, the number of boards is divided into 2, 5, and 7. There are many kinds of bamboo boards, and the bamboo boards are made of moso bamboo, and it is better to choose bamboo without bamboo knots, no splitting and no insect moths. The bamboo board is composed of two tile-shaped bamboo boards with a length of 16~19 cm, a width of 7~8 cm and a thickness of 1 cm.

The bamboo board is suitable for the beat accompaniment of various music and rap. Depending on the type of accompaniment, the number of boards is divided into 2, 5, and 7. The bamboo board is made of moso bamboo, and it is better to choose bamboo without knots, splits and scratches. Bamboo planks were formed during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820). The performance method of bamboo board is that one person holds a large board in his right hand and a knotzi board in his left hand and sings. The oral legend of the old artists of the bamboo board: during the Jiaqing period, the queen mother died, and the master of Beijing forbade the use of orchestral instruments within 100 days, which made it difficult for many artists in Beijing to survive. In order to make a living, Liu Danchi, a drum book artist from Hebei Province who came to Beijing to perform arts, gave up strings with his teacher Zhang Liankui and sang with bamboo board accompaniment. Liu Danchi's disciples are divided into two branches, one is represented by Jin Yonggui, and the lower line is passed down from generation to generation of Wan, Fu, Lai, Lin, He, Guo, Shun, Yu, Hai, and Chao; The end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China was the prosperous period of bamboo board books in Beijing, and many representative artists appeared, among which She Lairong and Jia Baoshan were the best. They performed in Dong'an Market, Chaoyangmenwai, Mentougou, Tianqiao and other places, and were very popular with the audience.

Image

She Lairong died young, and there was no heir. Jia Baoshan received three apprentices: Zhang Shunming and Guan Shungui (who also sang the Xihe drum) and Guan Shunpeng brothers. Soon after the Guan brothers apprenticed, Jia Baoshan died, and the elder brother Zhang Shunming passed on the art to the master. However, the Guan brothers only learned the short and medium stories of the bamboo board book, and could not adapt to the needs of performing long stories. In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), Guan Shungui and Guan Shunpeng worshipped the drum calligrapher Tian Yufu as their teacher, and learned long books such as "Spring and Autumn of the Warring States Period", "Crossing the Sea to the East", "Xue Jiajiang", etc., and began to play board singing in Tianqiao and other places. From the thirties of the twentieth century to the founding of the People's Republic of China, the more influential actors in Beijing singing bamboo boards, Guan Shunpeng and actress Song Xiangchen, etc. Guan Shunpeng was good at singing with "Beijing sound" and was known as "Beijing Bamboo Plate Book"; Song Xiangchen sang with Hebei Township Voice, and was known as "Hebei Bamboo Plate Book". After the continuous efforts of several generations of artists, the artistic level of bamboo board book has been greatly improved, they have inherited the artistic characteristics of Hebei bamboo board book singing tone is simple and unpretentious, and the local atmosphere is strong, and has absorbed a variety of big drums, small songs, bangzi, ping opera and other sister arts, enriching the music of bamboo board book singing, forming a unique style. In the late 70s of the 20th century, bamboo boards were rarely performed in Beijing.

3 Five skills and three skills editing

In order to create conditions for the next step of the bamboo board joint of various "plate style", it is necessary to strengthen the "arm", "elbow", "wrist", three aspects of basic skills training, the following will be the "five skills and three skills" of the basic practice method is introduced as follows:

The basic skills of "knots".

The basic skills of "Setsuko" are divided into five types, namely: "搧", "flirting", "bumping", "shaking", and "shaking". (1) Gong: Stand upright, "index finger" across the front gap of the bottom plate, "thumb" naturally raised, "middle finger", "ring finger", "little finger", attached to the back of the bottom plate, and then the "wrist" shakes, hit the front four plates with the bottom plate, and make a "tick" sound, this action is like shaking the wrist when holding a fan. Gong Gong requires natural movements, one sound per half beat, and a smooth and uniform speed. (2) Teasing Gong: Based on the "Gong Gong", the speed is doubled, and the upper plate is "lifted" up with the bottom plate to make a "ticking" sound, and this skill is used to enhance wrist strength. (3) Reversal: Hold the knot horizontally, press the thumb on the top of the knot, and push the elbow and wrist upwards to make the knot upside down, and also make a single-point "tick" sound, and the speed is the same as that of the knot. (4) Shake the gong: stand up the knots, face outward, put the thumb on the waist of the younger brother's board, shake the wrist from side to side, and hit the first four boards with the bottom plate, making a "tick" sound. When the first four pieces are held up, they are bounced back by the thumb, and they make a "click" sound, and so on, the first half of the beat is "click", and the second half beat is "tick", and the speed is even and not fast. (5) Shaking Gong: On the basis of "shaking Gong", the wrist shakes rapidly, and continues to make a "whoosh... The speed should be even, and it should not be fast or slow.

The basic skills of "big board".

There are three basic exercises of "big board", namely: "grasping", "picking", and "raising". (1) Grip: The thumb of the right hand is one side, the other four fingers are one side, hold the bottom plate, the side is facing outward, the position of the holding plate is at the lower end of the rope, the palm and the bottom plate groove have about half an egg gap, and the contact between the palm and the bamboo board should be as close as possible to form a resonance box. The elbows and wrists push forward and hit the front plate with a "croaking" sound. The strength of the wrist is like a fan, the speed is slow and even, and the hand holding the bamboo board should be relaxed. (2) Pick method: Insert the thumb into the leash, gently clamp the bottom plate with the tiger's mouth, release the other four fingers, cooperate with the action of the thumb, rotate the wrist, and the lower end of the bottom plate and the front plate collide, making a "stage" sound, similar to the sound of the theatrical musical instrument "small gong". (3) Yang method: after holding the bottom plate, the arm is raised, and the front plate is turned up with the "penetrating force" of the lifting, and is parallel to the bottom plate. Then, the elbow falls, makes a "croak" sound, and repeats. In addition, there is a combination of "picking" and "promotion" operations. On the basis of the above-mentioned "picking", the wrist rotates more forcefully, and the lower end of the bottom plate hits the front plate, making a "special" sound, and then raising the front plate. Then smash the front plate down, make a "quack" sound, and repeat.

4 Composition editing

Formula

Once you have become proficient in the individual exercises, move on to the synthesis section. You can press the "number of treasures", "Three, three, seven" plate type, the basic point of the synthesis, the formula is: one two three, three two one, one two three four five six seven, the mind hand hit: (each bar is a beat) formula: │ one two │ three 0 │ three two │ one 0 │ knot: │ Di Di │ 0 │ Di Di │ 0 │ big board: │ special 0 │ quack 0 │ quack 0 │ quack 0 │ formula: │ one two │ three four │ five six │ seven 0 │ knot: │ Di Di │ 嗒 Di │ │ Di 0 │ big board: │ special 0│ quack 0│ quack 0│ quack 0│ quack 0│

Practice requirements:

(1) Position: When beating the rhythm, the side of the "knot" and the "big board" are held outward, and the "low" cannot exceed the abdomen. When practicing, the movements require stretching, inside and out, front and back, left and right, up and down, moving freely, laying a good foundation for the performance, "standing up", "flat", can advance or retreat, to prevent a tendency of posture. (2) Rhythm: The speed of the clock is used as the standard of the beat, and the speed of the "clock" and "watch" is different, and various speeds can be used in the practice to practice the accuracy of the rhythm. (3) Volume: There should be "strong" and "weak" control, and the five-finger function of the knots should be mastered. Its functions are: thumb for blocking, index finger for picking, middle finger for support, ring finger for sticking, little finger for cooperation. The five fingers work together to control the volume.

Image

5 Tablet editing

When singing, in order to match various sentence patterns, the "board point" used is used to set off the plot, which is called "singing board" here. The singing board mainly emphasizes the use of "Setsuko":

Basically

It is the board form used to describe sentences, and it is also the basis of the whole paragraph. When using, the knots are erected, the sides are facing outward, the wrists are twisted left and right, the first four plates are pushed up with the bottom plate, and the sound of "tick" is made, and when the younger brother pushes up for the second time, the thumb crosses the waist of the knots and makes a "click" sound, and the thumb hits the bottom plate again, and makes a "click" sound, so repeatedly, the speed is required to be even, and it is slow. Tick × tick× tick × tick ×

Single

Hold down the "top" of the knot with your thumb, and when you hold the knot up with your wrist, press down with your thumb and hit the bottom plate machine, making a "click" single-point machine sound, this rhythm is suitable for the "pallet" is 1/4 beat, and the speed is faster. Click×××××××

Double point

The wrist twists left and right to push the knot, and the thumb blocks the waist of the knot, hitting the bottom plate machine of the knot, making a "tick" sound when pushing, and making a "click" sound when blocking back, just like the shaking of a clock, producing a two-point rhythm, which is suitable for the sentence pattern of "Qiaokou": tick

Cushion a little

Used at the end of a sentence. When the sentence ends, increase the volume of the knots due to the above requirements, the "padding" is produced, but the speed is the same as when singing, and the sound direction of "ticking" is roughly divided into three types. (1) Cushion at the end of the sentence: ○ full of mountains, dense forest houses, ○ tick and tick ○ (2) No board pad: There is no beat when the sentence is sung, and the style of speech, and the rhythm is added when using the pad. It is similar to the sentence style of "Shandong Kuaishu", and after singing a sentence, add "copper plate" to the door. Erwu Song slammed into the fire when he heard the fire. ○Tick dada○(3) Dahua pad: add pads at the end of the sentence, make a long sound of "toot", or add pads in the middle of the sentence. ○A round of red sun from the east, watch the sunrise, (toot..... You go to Dongyue to kick Mount Tai.

It's a little bit upside down

Put the flat end of the knot, put it on the waist, press the thumb on the "top" of the knot, the wrist is upturned up and down, and the single-point sound of "click" is made, and the rhythm is 1/4 beat. Click××××××

Train point

It is similar to the rhythm of a train as it moves. The speed is required to be even, and the double Allegro or the number of Noble is suitable for this point machine, because it has a clear rhythm and hits the spot. Click×× click×× click×× click××

Shake the board

There is no rhythm, the thumb is placed on the waist of the knot, and the wrist shakes rapidly, and the sound of "whoosh" is continuous, and the tense plot is suitable for this point.

Flowers

Put the knot on the flat end, turn it up with your wrist to make a "tick" sound, put your thumb on the waist of the knot, and when it is upside down, step out your thumb to make a "click" sound, and then block back to hit the bottom plate machine. The thumb is similar to the flower of the flower. The arms can be extended, retracted, forward, backward, long, short, up and down, and this rhythm is suitable for matching the movements of various characters and expressing happiness. Tick tick tick ×tick × tick

Feng nodded

The thumb holds down the top of the knot, fist to the ear, the elbow and wrist are thrown down sharply, to the left half of the mu, and the sound of "tick" is made, and then, the elbow, wrist and arm fist to the ear, make the sound of "click", so repeatedly, because the knot dances up and down like a chicken pecking at broken rice, it is called "phoenix nodding", this point machine is suitable for "penetration" or "end" when used. Tick tick

Mix it up

The combination of the various plate types described earlier. "Single point", "double point", "shaking board", etc., can be applied according to the plot, the combination of starting and bearing, with different board machines, maybe the first half of a sentence is "train point", and the second half of the sentence is changed to "wind nodding". In short, the changes are frequent, suitable for some difficult plots and character processing, and the creation of mixing points in the processing of characters and plot counterstains solves great difficulties for Allegro singing and performance.

6 Opening Board Editing

The "opening board" is used at the beginning of the Allegro singing, which has a good "gathering spirit" effect (condensing the attention of observation), and is a major feature of the Allegro performance. On the basis of the bamboo board operation of the first two sections, the "opening board" is heavier than the left and right hands, and the matching of the knots and the large board is also more difficult. The "Opening Board" is composed of a variety of different board types, and the combination varies from person to person, and can be split at will. Due to the different factions of the "Allegro" singing, the performance of the "Opening Board" is also different, here is a synthesis of the playing styles of several famous Allegro writers, classified explanations, as follows:

Foundation plates

It is the main plate type of the opening board, and it is also a twist belt for various flowers and conversions. It plays the role of transportation and connection, and it is the most basic point, which is used throughout from beginning to end. When the board is raised, the knots shake twice to make two sounds of "click, click", which stipulates the rhythm, and then the big board cooperates with the knots. Knot: │ 0 │ 0 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │

Mandarin ducks

The large slab adopts the plate type of "knocking down the point up". At the lower point, the thumb is inserted between the two bamboo boards and the rope is supported. Hold the bottom plate with the tiger's mouth with your right hand and tap the front plate to the left, making a sound like a small gong like "Tai, Tai". Then raise the front plate and continuously drop it, making a "quack" sound. Because the thin and coarse voices are combined, it is called "mandarin duck point". Knots: │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di │ Da Di │ Da Di │ Da 0 │ Big Board: │ Tai Tai │ 0 │ 0 │ Tai 0 │ Kezi: │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di │ Da Di │ Da 0│ Big Board: │ Special 0│ 0 │ 00│ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │

Horseshoe point

This type of plate is similar to the sound of a horse's hooves walking, making a sound of "bo" and "de". When playing, the right hand holds the bottom plate of the large plate, the thumb is crossed by the upper part of the base plate to punch the thread, and the other four fingers are bent in front of the bottom plate, and the palm is arched to cover the tile ridge (concave surface) of the base plate to form a "resonance box". Turn your wrist and tap the front plate with the bottom plate to make a "boo" sound. Then the palm movement remains the same, pinch the bottom plate with the thumb and index finger in place, fix the bottom plate, and spread the other three fingers, turn the wrist, and tap the front plate with the base plate to make a "de" sound. Jiezi: │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di Ka │ Da Ban: │ Bo 0 │ Get 0 │ Bo 0 │ Get 0│ Get 0 │

Shave

When this board is played, the knots no longer shake. Pinch the waist of the knot with your thumb, rely on the opening and closing of the tiger's mouth, and use the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger to support the bottom plate, and hit the first four plates, making a "clamping" sound. The big board in the right hand is raised, the upper end is overlapped, and the two boards are held in parallel with the tiger's mouth, and the two plates are parallel into a word. Turn your wrist and tap the front edge of the front plate of the large plate to the top of the bottom plate of the knuckle to make a "pop" sound. Then take the front edge of the front plate of the large plate, put it on the top of the bottom plate of the knot, pull it down, and gently bracket the longer "deaf~" sound at the top of the first four boards of the knot. Knots: │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0│ Clip 0│ Clip 0│ Big Board: │ 0 Snap │ 0 Snap │ 0 Snap │ 0 Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Big Board: │ 0 Snap │ 0 Snap │ 0 Snap

Rollers

A special plate point that connects to the "head shaving" plate. Because of the movement of the large board, it rolls in an arc, so it is called a "rolling board", and there are three collision points. When the "shaving head" plate is finished, that is, as soon as the sound of "deaf~" is over, the left wrist is flipped upward, and the lower end of the knot hits the middle of the convex front plate of the large board, making a "turning" sound. Then, the knot does not move, the right wrist is flipped upward, and the hand is raised upward, so that the lower end of the convex surface of the bottom plate of the large plate hits the lower end of the knot, making a "pick" sound. Immediately, in the middle of the two beats of "clamp, clamp" sound, the palm of the right hand is upward, holding the big board back, and hitting the middle of the first plate of the knots horizontally to the left with the lower end of the bottom plate, making a "bang" sound. Knots: │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Clip 0 │ Big Board: │ 0 Snap │ 0 Deaf ~ │ Flip │ 0 Hit │ 00 │

Lotus plates

Use the strength of the wrist to shake the knots quickly and make a "beep~" sound, and after extending the two beats, use the big board to cut the rhythm of the knots, which is the way to play the lotus board. Because the sound of "beep ~" is two beats, it is more special than the rhythm pattern of other plates, so it is called "lotus board". Setsuko: │嘟.... │.... 0│嘟.... │.... 0│Clamp0│嘟.... │.... 0│Large board: │00│quack0│00│quack│0quack│00│quack0│0│0│

Connecting boards

The big board is raised high, and the knots are beaten out according to the beat of the big board, with the rhythm. This type of plate is often used in the "counterpart allegro" or "counting the treasure". Knot: │ Tick Tick │ Tick Tick Tick │ Tick Tick │ Tick 0│ Big Board: │ Tick 0 │ Tick 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│ Quack 0│

Finishing plate

Use the opening board towards the end and slowly slow down to get ready for the song. Section: │ Da Di Ka │ Da Di │ Da Di │ Da Di │ 0│ Big Board: │Special 0│0 │ 00│ 0│ 0│ Section: │ Te 0 │ Te 0│ 0│ Te 0│ 0│ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ 0

7 Cultural heritage editing

Bamboo board book was formed in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, which is a kind of music derived from the lotus flower, which is popular in Hebei and Beijing-Tianjin. The end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China was a prosperous period for the development of bamboo board books in Beijing. At that time, there were many bamboo board calligraphy artists in Beijing, who performed in Dong'an Market, Tianqiao and other places, and the attendance rate was very high, and they were very popular with the audience. Beijing's bamboo board book is divided into "Beijing Dialect Bamboo Board Book" with the representative figures related to Shungui and Guan Shunpeng brothers, and "Hebei Bamboo Board Book", with Song Xiangchen as the representative figure. The characteristics of the "Guan School" changed the Hebei Township Tone to the Beijing Rhyme and Beijing Sound, and at the same time absorbed the music tunes of the sister arts such as drums, small songs, and operas, and sang long stories and big books, and performed steadily and implicitly; the "Song School" paid attention to portraying the image and emotions of the characters, and was lively and generous, but in terms of language and rhyme, they still followed the old habits and used the Hebei Township Sound; Song Xiangchen's performance style and Guan Shunpeng's performance skills formed a sharp contrast, and they were recognized as the two major schools of Tianqiao singing bamboo board books. The bamboo board book has the strong characteristics of the "Song School" bamboo board book, and the performance has developed and innovated at the same time, focusing on the combination of image and emotion in the character portrayal, and the singing voice still follows the Hebei tone, and the performance is witty and humorous. He is currently a young performer who can sing his tunes. The first time I heard the "Bamboo Board Book" did not leave an impression, but I was deeply puzzled by Guo Degang and his group of young people in Deyun Club who love traditional quyi art, and practice the inheritance and performing arts, which are almost lost. At the beginning of 2006, when China's cultural fever was rising, cultural diversification and the pursuit of novelty in cultural consumption forms made many "Gangsi" continue to pursue new celebrities. However, just after the "Super Girl Fever", the protection of China's intangible cultural heritage has once again set off a new round of cultural fever. Guo Degang, as a young quyi actor, when his career was thriving, he still did not forget the traditional folk music "bamboo board book" in each performance, and he can still perform the representative repertoire of the Song school "bamboo board book" "Mouse Sue Cat", "Ancient City Meeting", "Huarong Dao" and "What is not idle, Lotus Fall" representative repertoire "Wang Second Sister Sifu", "Shili Pavilion", "Lilac Cutting Meat", etc., so that many "Gang Silk" can appreciate the unique charm of traditional folk culture while appreciating cross talk. In the more than 20 years since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and its comprehensive national strength has been continuously enhanced. The protection and inheritance of national culture and Beijing culture have attracted more and more attention from society and people. Bamboo boards and knots are sometimes used together, sometimes alone, and they are the main accompaniment instruments for quyi music such as Allegro, Shandong Allegro, Tianjin Allegro, and Sichuan Money Board. It is often sung by the performers themselves, which plays the role of creating atmosphere and setting off emotions.