Hole flute, wind and air sounding instrument. The wind instrument, referred to as the chop, is the most common folk musical instrument in China, and is mostly made of nine sections of purple bamboo, but it can also be made of white bamboo. It is often used in ensembles with the guqin or in traditional silk and bamboo bands, and is also used for solo playing.

1. Wind instruments. Abbreviated as Xiao. In ancient times, the flute was arranged with bamboo pipes, which was called the pan flute. The pan flute is backed with wax honey, and the one without the back cover is called the hole flute. Later, it is called a single-tube direct blowing, five holes on the front and one hole on the back. The pronunciation is quiet and poignant.

"Hanshu Yuan Emperor Ji Zan": "Emperor Yuan has many materials, good history books, drums and pianos, and blows the hole flute. Yan Shigu quoted Ruchun as saying: "The bottomless one of the Xiao." Yuan Qiuyuan's poem "Sujiqing Temple": "Listen to the cave flute and sleepless, and the moon is shining on the ancient pine branches." Ba Jin's "Autumn in Spring": "'Lin, do you still love me, like before?'" she asked suddenly, her voice like a hole flute blowing on a spring night, and the clouds covered her eyes, as if it was about to rain. ”

2. The abbreviation of Han Wang's "Dong Xiao Fu".

Liang Liu Xian's "Wenxin Carving Dragon: Interpretation of Fu": "Ziyuan's "Dong Xiao" is poor in sound and appearance. Tang Li Deyu's "In the Rain, I Visited Wang San's Servant in the Rain and Presented It with Poems": "Wang Baoyi entered late, and the palace maid was able to pass on "Dong Xiao". One of the poems of Qing Qian Qianyi's "Gift to Xu Cunyong and Chen Kaizhong's Visit to See the Gift": "The empty transmission of the father and the old Mo Tongdi, there is no Fugong people to remember the "Dong Xiao". ”[1]

History editing

The origin of the flute

The earliest musical instrument excavated in China is the bone flute of Jiahu in Wuyang County, Henan Province, which belongs to the Neolithic period, which has a history of more than 8,000 years. The Jiahu site continues 1500 years ago, that is, 9000 years ago to 7500 years ago, and the bone flute found includes 5 holes, 6 holes, 7 holes, and 8 holes. It is also known as the flute in history, and the flute is specifically played in the later Tang Dynasty. Originally known as "Dong Xiao", it is now referred to as "Xiao". An ancient wind instrument in our country. With a long history, the tone is mellow and soft, quiet and elegant, suitable for solo and ensemble performances.

The flute is of the same origin, all of which originated from bone whistles in ancient times, and began to be made of bamboo in the Neolithic Age. From the Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the flute referred to the pan flute that was arranged.

Legend has it that this musical instrument originated in Qiangzhong. Before the Qing Dynasty, the flute mostly refers to the pan flute, and the pottery figurines of the Han Dynasty and the stele painting of the Wei and Jin tombs in Jiayuguan have seen the image of the blowing hole flute. However, the single-pipe flute was mostly called "flute" at that time.

In the Han Dynasty, the flute was called "篴", "vertical 篴" or "Qiang flute". The Qiang flute was originally a musical instrument of the Qiang people who lived in Sichuan and Gansu in ancient times, originally there were only 4 holes (3 sound holes plus 1 hole at the mouth of the pipe), and the Western Han Dynasty Jingfang (word Junming, 77 ~ 37 BC) added a highest sound hole in the back, and became a 5-hole flute.

The development of the flute

The flute reformed by the Western Jin Dynasty Le Gonglie and the Zhongshu Jian Xun Xun is 6 holes (5 before and 1 after the rear), and its shape is with

Hole flute

Cave flute (2 photos)

Today's flutes are very similar. Huan Yi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is good at music, he has a Cai Yong's Ke Ting Di (Xiao), which is the number one flute player in the south of the Yangtze River, and his status and prestige are already very high. He once played three pieces of music for Wang Huizhi, whom he never knew, and it was rumored to be a good story in history.

During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the flute was used for soloists, ensembles, and in bands that accompanied Xianghe.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the flute was usually not divided, but in the Tang Dynasty, there were six holes in front and one hole next to it, and the flute with bamboo film appeared.

In the Qing Dynasty, the shape of the flute was exactly the same.

Tone editing

Briefly

The sound principle of the flute is exactly the same, that is, the air flow (i.e., the mouth wind) from the mouth slit to the mouth of the flute, after the sharp edge of the mouthpiece splits, it produces a vortex and forms a edge sound with no stable pitch. The edge sound is then resonated by the air column in the tube to obtain a stable pitch.

Due to the difference in the excitation method and the resonance method between the flute and the flute (the flute is attached to the diaphragm, but the flute is not), not only the volume is very different, but the timbre is also very different. The timbre of the flute is rough, high, crisp and loud, while the dong flute is soft and elegant.

Due to the small volume, the use of the flute is not as wide as that of the flute, and the manufacturer does not pay attention to the production of the flute as the flute. Therefore, it is not easy to find a hole flute with pure timbre.

Affects timbre

There are three factors that affect the timbre of the flute, namely whether the materials are properly chosen, whether the production is scientific, and whether the playing method is correct.

Score for the Cave Flute

Cave flute sheet music (6 photos)

First, the selection of materials

To make a hole flute, purple bamboo is mostly used. The bamboo should be old (4-5 years old), the fiber should be fine and compact, and the bamboo should be dried and dried thoroughly, and the thickness should be appropriate. Bamboo at the age of 4-5 years is the strongest and has the largest bulk density, and it is too tender under the 3rd instar and gradually senescing after the 5th instar. Of course, it is better to be compact, and for the same thickness of bamboo, it is better to choose a larger quality, because such bamboo is not only high in density but also relatively thick, so that it is convenient to polish the ideal inner diameter when making.

The flute is expensive in nine sections. Because within a certain length, the more nodes, the closer the bamboo is to the roots. The bamboo close to the root is denser and has a large diameter difference between the two ends, which is very conducive to resonance. Nowadays, some people choose materials, and in the name of Mu Jiujie, they keep the flute body for a long time. This not only brings inconvenience to the performance, but also harms the aesthetics.

Second, the production process

The quality of the sound of the dong flute also depends on the production process. Today's production workers and performers, in order to pursue a larger volume, open the blowing holes into squares, and the rhyme of the flute is lost. In fact, it is not difficult to make a hole flute, the key is to open a good blow hole. Due to the great diversity of bamboo, the opening method of blowing holes cannot be the same, but it is still better to use a semicircle. The traditional production method is to use a drawing board, and now this production method is more common in some mass production factories.

3. How to play

The dong flute is a secondary musical instrument, with a pure fourth lower sound area than the qu flute, and a vocal range similar to that of the flute.

Features edited

The hole flute usually has a blowing hole on the edge of the bamboo section of the upper end of the seal, and the pipe body has 6 finger holes (six-hole flute) or 8 (eight-hole flute), 5 or 7 holes in the front, 1 hole in the back, and 2-5 sound holes near the tail end. The bottom end is an open tube. The eight-hole flute is divided into both positive and backhanded, and when holding the flute, the right hand is under the left hand and the upper hand is the forehand, and the reverse is the backhand. Generally, the inner diameter is 16 mm, and the length from the mouthpiece to the lower end of the tuning hole is about 520 mm, and the total length is about 800 mm.

Tone

The tone of the flute is different, the common is the G key, when the 6 sound holes are fully closed, the cylinder sound is (d1), through the overblowing, the vocal range is from (d1~e3), there are two octaves and another major second. The timbre of the flute is soft and the tone of the flute is different,

Most of the commonly used flutes are in G key, and can blow G, D, C, F, and B flat keys. The timbre of the flute is soft, light, elegant and luscious. The bass is deep and distinctive when played weakly, the middle range is mellow and beautiful, and the high range is tense. The flute is low in volume and is suitable for solo or ensemble playing. It is better for the band to play several flutes at the same time. When playing with a single flute, pay attention to the appropriate volume contrast in the orchestration.

Because it has a moving timbre and elegant charm, it has always been sung and chanted by the Sao people and inkmen, and is also loved by the majority of people, and is widely used in a variety of folk ensembles such as poetry accompaniment, piano and flute ensemble. The appearance of the flute as a solo instrument on the music stage is a recent phenomenon.

range

The width of the wind instrument range is not only determined by the quality of the workmanship, the proper blowing technique, and the appropriate combination of fingering, but also related to the measurement of the wind instrument.

A measure is a physics term that refers to the ratio of the inner diameter of one end of a wind instrument to the length of the pipe. Measurement has a significant impact on the acoustic properties (timbre and range) of wind instruments. For example, the clarinet of a fifth-degree super-blowing instrument could not have a wide range today if it could not blow a second overtone twelve degrees higher than the base without the help of a treble hole, and the Chinese pipe is also a fifth-degree super-blowing instrument, but it can easily play a second overtone without the help of a treble hole.

This difference in the acoustic properties of the clarinet and Chinese pipe music is determined by the measurement. It turns out that in the case of a fifth-degree superblowing instrument, the larger the measurement, the easier it is to be excited, and the smaller the measurement, the less likely it is to be excited. However, in the case of wind instruments such as the flute, the effect of the measurement on their acoustic properties is the opposite of that of a fifth: the smaller the measurement, the easier it is to be excited.

Hole flute

People can know from common sense that the longer the pipe of a wind instrument, the lower the tone, and the larger the pipe diameter, the lower the sound. As a result, bass wind instruments have a large inner diameter and a long pipe, while treble wind instruments have a small diameter and a short pipe. However, there is a limit to the thickness of the pipe diameter and the length of the pipe. The author has made an experimental analysis of wind instruments such as the flute and flute: when the pipe of the flute and flute grows to a certain limit, the fundamental tone cannot be blown out, and the blowing can only be the first overtone.

The author's calculations for the length of the pipe are as follows: when the pipe length exceeds 50 times the inner diameter of the pipe (i.e., the measure is less than 0.02), the first overtone of the higher octave is blown, and if the end is covered (at this time the pipe has become a fifth-degree superblowing instrument), when the pipe length exceeds 25 times the inner diameter of the pipe (i.e., the measurement is less than 0.04), the second overtone is blown.

In addition to the fundamental tone, the second overtone must be played with the help of the treble hole, while the Chinese instrument pipe, which is also a fifth-degree superblowing instrument, can easily blow the second overtone without the help of the treble hole due to the large measurement.

The influence of "measurement" on the acoustic properties of wind instruments is an issue that has not received sufficient attention so far. The correct use of measurement is of great significance to the amplification of the flute and flute's vocal range and the selection of timbre. For example, the inner diameter of the flute (d1 in the barrel sound) is generally 1.6 cm, the effective tube length is about 52 cm, and its measurement is about 0.031, while the inner diameter of the flute is generally 1.4 cm, the effective tube length is about 60 cm, and its measurement is about 0.023. For this reason, the treble of the flute is more easily stimulated than that of the flute, and the vocal range is slightly wider than that of the flute.

The dong flute is a secondary musical instrument, with a pure fourth lower sound area than the qu flute, and a vocal range similar to that of the flute. The common range of the flute is d1~e3, and if played properly, the range can be expanded to d1~g3 or wider.

timbre

Compared with the flute, the timbre of the dong flute is exceptionally quiet and elegant, but the low volume and the pronunciation are not as sharp as the flute, which has become the weakness of the dong flute.

The timbre of the flute is closely related to the diameter of the pipe and the method of blowing, but it is also important to make it properly. Like all musical instruments, the timbre of the flute has a distinction between large and small tones. For example, although the violin and the same violin play the timbre of the violin, the sound quality between them is very different. The well-made flute and flute, because of the sharp pronunciation, are easy to play, and the control of its timbre and volume is also very convenient, so that the player can do whatever he wants. Whether the timbre can be changed at will and whether the volume can be freely controlled is one of the important criteria for the quality of flute and flute production. Proper excavation of the mouthpiece is the key to production.

The above is the influence of workmanship thickness on timbre, and the effect of correct playing method on timbre should be

Flute

Flute

Crucial. Mr. Wei Zhongle once said that the dong flute should strive to "have a high pitch like a flute and a low pitch like a bell", but of course, "high pitch like a flute" is not a flute. To achieve this requirement, the key lies in the correct grasp of the mouth shape: the mouth slit should be round, and the mouth should be properly opened to facilitate resonance.

The author has done experiments to play the flute and flute with an artificial mouthpiece, and found that the materials used to make them are both superior and inferior, and the timbre of the production process is also hollow and monotonous, and it is difficult to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of each. Inspired by this, the author has consciously studied the relationship between the shape of the mouth, the state of the mouth, and the timbre of the flute and flute, and found that the same flute can play at least three or four tones with obvious differences. It all depends on how open the mouth is.

Generally speaking, the degree of opening of the oral cavity depends on the thickness of the pipe diameter and the size of the blowing hole: if the pipe diameter is small, the mouthpiece is small, the mouth gap should be small, and the oral cavity will be small; if the pipe diameter is large and the mouthpiece is deep and wide, the mouth gap should be appropriately enlarged, and the mouth should be large. The proper opening of the mouth can not only avoid the dry timbre of the blowing to ensure a solid pronunciation, but also greatly facilitate the change of the timbre of the flute and the random control of the volume. This is probably something that many young flute players do not pay attention to.

Although the volume of the flute is weak, its volume and timbre are still somewhat malleable - of course, the change of volume and timbre is far more difficult than that of the flute. The control of the volume and the change of timbre are all controlled by the change of mouth slit and the size of the mouth. This is something that needs to be carefully savored.

The biggest difference between the pronunciation of the dong flute and the flute is that at the beginning of the pronunciation of the dong flute, the tip of the tongue cannot be pressed against the front teeth, so there is no obvious capsule. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure the correct direction and appropriate strength of the tone at the beginning of the pronunciation, otherwise the timbre will inevitably be less soft. This is one of the major difficulties in learning the flute for beginners.

Intonation

Like the flute, when it comes to pitch, people always think that it is a problem in production. In fact, the pitch of the flute and flute depends not only on whether the production is accurate, but also on whether the player's playing method is appropriate, that is, whether the fingering combination and the method of luck are appropriate.

As far as the specific problem of the intonation of the dong flute is concerned, it involves two aspects: relative pitch and absolute pitch. The so-called accuracy of relative pitch refers to the accuracy of the interval relationship between each sound hole, and the accuracy of absolute pitch of course means that the pitch of each sound hole should be consistent with the corresponding absolute pitch - that is, whether the cylinder tone is accurate d1.

As far as production is concerned, the accuracy of the interval depends not only on the proper position and size of the sound hole, but also on the depth of the mouthpiece. In 1958, Zheng Huizheng of Guizhou Yuping Xiao Flute Factory made a flute for Mr. Zha Fuxi, and the pitch of each hole was almost the same (half a tone). Zheng Hui steam the knife to cut the mouthpiece a little deeper, and the tone was all raised by semitones, and explained: "Cutting deep, the amount of gas received is larger, and the amount of gas is deep." This incident made Zha Fuxi, Shen Xiyuan, and Du Wenyuan "all surprised by their stunts" on the spot.

The author uses this example to illustrate that the depth of the mouthpiece determines the absolute pitch of the flute. If the mouth is opened a little deeper, the sound can be raised by half a note, because the correction amount of the pipe end becomes smaller, so the tone will also increase. Due to the extremely small mouthpiece of the jade screen flute, the amount of correction at the end of the pipe is too large, and the amount of correction at the end of the pipe is significantly reduced when the mouthpiece is slightly deepened, resulting in an increase in the sound.

Although the pitch of each sound hole will decrease or increase with the decrease or increase of the sound end correction amount, the increase and decrease of the interval of each sound hole is not equal, which will inevitably affect the accuracy of the sound interval. Therefore, there is a certain limit to adjusting the pitch by changing the depth of the mouthpiece, otherwise it will definitely affect the interval relationship between the various sound holes.

As far as the tuning of the flute is concerned, the production workers rely on the diviner, and some people believe that the flute and flute can be calibrated so that "not a single cent is bad" according to the scorer. This understanding is a bit biased, and it is not the intention to make a detailed theoretical analysis here. Although the production workers rely on the scorer, they often make mistakes. What is the reason? It turns out that when making the workers' tuning, they always have to calibrate the sound hole by sound hole while playing. However, they ignore the uniformity of the mouth slit position and the symmetry of the blowing dynamics, which will lead to inaccuracies in the relative pitch (interval) due to the uniformity of the mouth tone during playing. In addition, even if the slit position and dynamics are quite uniform during tuning, the intervals will still be inaccurate if the slit position and blowing dynamics are different during playing. Therefore, the intentional pitch blowing angle can correct the pitch when blowing.

Whenever a flute player finds that the sound of the flute or flute is inaccurate, he always uses the method of digging up the sound hole to remedy it: if the sound is low, the sound hole will be large, and if the sound is high, the sound hole will be filled a little. This may seem effective, but it may not be practical. If the sound of individual sound holes is not accurate, this method should be used, if the sound of multiple sound holes is not accurate, such a tuning method is not a good solution. Because after this calibration, it not only affects the unity of the size of the flute and flute sound holes and affects the aesthetics, but also proves that it is not that the original tone is not calibrated, but that the blowing method may be inconsistent with the blowing method when the maker calibrates. At this time, you only need to trim the mouthpiece, especially the hole flute, which is far more convenient than the flute.

Fingering table

Fingering table (3 photos)

Before trimming, the first thing to judge is whether the blowing hole is appropriate. The method of judging is to first listen to the interval relationship between the various sound holes, if the interval between the sound holes of the upper hand is wide, and the interval between the lower holes is narrow, indicating that the blowing hole is deep, only need to file the upper end of the hole flute with a file, so that the mouthpiece becomes a little shallower, and the interval will naturally be corrected; Of course, if it is only an individual sound inaccuracy, then this sound hole should be corrected.

Because the tone of the flute is lower than that of the flute, and the diameter of the pipe is thinner than that of the flute, the spacing of the sound holes is also larger than that of the flute. Nowadays, the tuning is made according to the 12 equal laws, and there are contradictions in the sound hole setting of the six-hole flute: if it is too close to the third hole, it will be difficult to press the hole, and if it is too low, there will be problems with the pitch. In order to solve this contradiction, the only way to do this is to press the first hole with the little finger, and in this case, it is better to use the eight-hole flute, which not only ensures the intonation, but also facilitates the transposition.

Like the flute, the flute is an octave superblowing instrument. Because its pipe length has a certain limit, and the pipe diameter is not too small, it does not have many overtones, and can only play the first and second overtones, and very few third overtones, and the range is relatively narrow. The pitch that makes up each tone level is determined by the position of the sound hole, and the position of the sound hole excavation is arbitrary, so the choice of pitch is very arbitrary. Whether the sound hole is properly placed or not is directly related to the vocal range of the hole flute. This is a very interesting question.

Kind editing

There are many varieties of flute, the common ones are Zizhu cave flute, nine-section flute, black lacquer nine-section flute, jade screen flute, south flute and so on.

Zizhu Cave Flute:

The pipe body is thicker, the number of sections is not limited, and the timbre is low and loud, and it is mostly used for solo or ensemble playing.

Nine Sections:

It is named because of the nine sections and eight eyes of the body.

Black Lacquer Nine-Section Flute:

It is named because the outside of the pipe is painted with black paint.

These two nine-section flutes, with their rich pronunciation and beautiful timbre, are suitable for local opera or light music, and sometimes for solo or ensemble performances.

Jade Ping Xiao

Produced in Yuping County, Qiandong, it is a treasure in the flute. Its shape, production and tone are unique, and it is well-known both at home and abroad. "Immortals go to Yuping to stay in ancient tunes, and guests visit bosom friends from overseas. It is a high praise for the jade screen flute.

According to legend, the production of jade screen flute began in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), which has a history of more than 300 years. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the jade screen flute was used as a tribute to the imperial court, so it was also called "tribute flute".

In 1896 and 1913 at the London and Panama International Exhibitions, the jade screen flute won the gold medal and silver medal respectively, and was the first musical instrument in China to win honor in the world.

Yuping flute is made of small water bamboo produced in Yuping and neighboring Zhenyuan, Yaoshan and other places, its bamboo knot is long, the bamboo tube is fine, the bamboo is hard, the fiber is fine, it is a good material for making the flute, and it is harvested in winter, after more than 20 processes such as material selection, roasted bamboo, scraping skin, through the joint, opening and blowing holes, sound holes and sound calibration, etc., the total length is about 70 cm, the pipe body is oblate and round (the system is artificially clamped flat), the sound hole is oval, the hole wall is 25 degrees inclined inward, the process is fine, and the sound is beautiful and beautiful.

The jade screen is known for its exquisite carving, generally painted with bronze color on the surface of the pipe body, and then carved out a delicate and realistic landscape, flowers and plants, birds and beasts and other various ornaments, poetry, painting, color harmony, delicate craftsmanship, has a high artistic appreciation and collection value.

The timbre of the jade screen flute is mellow, soft, and antique, especially the "dragon and phoenix flute" is more unique. This is a pair of male and female flutes, with delicate dragon and phoenix patterns carved on them. The male flute is slightly thicker, engraved with a dragon, and the pronunciation is loud and unrestrained, while the female flute is slightly thinner, and the upper part is engraved with a colorful phoenix, and the timbre is soft and subtle. The ensemble of the two flutes is like a male and female duet, harmonious and full of interest.

The jade screen flute is an excellent solo instrument, and it is more suitable for ensembles or accompaniment. It is often used in folk instrumental ensembles such as Jiangnan silk and bamboo, Cantonese music, etc., and is played with guqin ensembles, with better results. In the accompaniment of local operas such as Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera and Cantonese Opera, the jade screen flute is one of the important musical instruments, which is mostly used to express quiet and elegant scenes.

Made with small local water bamboo. The flute body is oval, and the appearance is engraved with landscapes, flowers and plants, birds and beasts, insects and fish, poems and other decorations, and the craftsmanship is fine. The pairs of male and female flutes are more famous, with the male flute pipe slightly thicker and engraved with "Tenglong" on it, and the female flute pipe slightly thinner with a bright pronunciation and engraved with "Caifeng". This kind of dragon and phoenix pair flute is quite distinctive in craftsmanship. In the Netherlands, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. However, due to the limited number of product masters, the products have not been produced on a large scale, and none of them have dealt a heavy blow to the flute lovers.

With the development of domestic e-commerce, Yuping Xiaodi has successfully become a strategic partner of Jugou Technology. It makes the Yuping Xiaodi sold on well-known domestic platforms such as Amazon, Jugou Mall, and Jingdong Mall, which solves the embarrassing situation of buying Xiaodi in the past.

Hole flute-Playing TechniqueCompared with the flute, the playing skills of the flute are not as sensitive as the flute, but it is basically the same as the flute, and can freely play portamento, overlapping and beating, etc., but it is not suitable for playing flowery tongues, battlements and other characteristic techniques, but is suitable for playing long, quiet and lyrical tunes to express quiet and elegant emotions.

Hole flute

The flute is not only suitable for solo and ensemble performances, but also for folk instrumental ensembles such as Jiangnan Silk Bamboo, Fujian Nanyin, Guangdong Music, Changzhou Silk Strings and Henan Bantou Band, as well as accompaniment to local operas such as Yue Opera. In the ancient song "Spring River Flower Moonlit Night", at the beginning, the dong flute plays a light wave sound, and with the simulated drum sound of the pipa, it depicts the scene of the flute and drum on the cruise ship.

In addition, the ensemble of piano and flute complements each other, is euphemistic and beautiful, and can express the far-reaching artistic conception of the music.

Production Maintenance Edits

make

The flute is longer and thinner than the flute, and it is made of bamboo.

When making, the first thing to pay attention to is the selection of materials, the mouthpiece and sound hole must be in a straight line, and the scale must be accurate.

The structure of the flute is relatively simple, made of purple bamboo, yellow withered bamboo or white bamboo, with a total length of 70~78 cm, slightly longer and thinner than the qudi, the inner diameter of the pipe body is 1.2~1.8 cm, the upper end is left with a bamboo joint, and the lower end and the inside are hollow. The mouthpiece is opened on the upper edge, from which the blow sounds. In the middle of the pipe, there are 5 sound holes on the front and 1 sound hole on the back to control the pitch of the tone. The pairs of round holes arranged on the back of the lower end of the tube are sound outlets, also known as phoenix eyes, which can be used for tuning.

The sound quality of the flute has a lot to do with the bamboo material and production. To choose the winter solstice to the spring equinox during the harvest of bamboo, the bamboo should be solid, the weight is heavier, the purple bamboo to the bamboo flowers uniform, purple-brown is better, no insects, dry shrinkage, splitting, bee waist and belly and other defects, the tube body is complete, the texture is fine and straight.

When making, the mouthpiece and the sound hole must be in a straight line, the mouthpiece should be round above and below, the sound hole should be round, and all are pulled into an inward inclined shape, the hole wall should be smooth, the inner chamber should be smooth and clean, the bamboo is polished, the two ends are flat, the diameter of the two ends can not be too large, and the lacquer decoration should be beautiful. In terms of sound quality, the scale should be accurate, no matter how light or heavy the blow is, the sound should be clear and beautiful, and there should be no hollow or differential sound. The timbre should be pure, beautiful, and mellow.

maintenance

The flute, like the flute, is made of bamboo. The biggest disadvantage of bamboo is that it is easy to moth and crack, so the maintenance of the hole flute is to pay attention to moth prevention and crack prevention.

The general maintenance method of the dong flute is to wipe the inner hall of the dong flute with a dry cloth after blowing.

In spring and early summer, especially during the rainy season, the inside of the bamboo pipe should be kept dry to prevent mold.

Due to the low temperature in winter, it is generally not suitable to play for a long time in the north, and due to temperature and other factors, the flute body will break after playing for a long time.

Pick and choose the method edit

When purchasing a hole flute, of course, we should pay attention to two aspects: material and workmanship.

material

First of all, it is necessary to see whether the bamboo is old and knotted, whether the skin is smooth and clean, and there is no broken skin as much as possible so as not to affect the appearance. As far as the old knotted bamboo is concerned, although it is very pressure to hold in the hand, you should also pay attention to whether the bamboo fiber is fine. Although some bamboos are very heavy in the hand, the sound is not very good due to the coarse bamboo fibers.

Secondly, it depends on whether the length is appropriate. Some musicians pursue the "nine knots", which are left long below the sound aid holes of the bamboo. This is inappropriate. As far as the G adjustment flute is concerned, its length should not exceed 850mm. In fact, the nine sections mentioned here refer to the applicable length, that is, one section below the sound aid hole can be left; if it is too long, it will increase the load on the arms, and it is easy to get tired, and the extra section will not have any effect on the improvement of timbre.

Originally, within the applicable length, the difference in the diameter of the two ends of the hole flute with many knots is large, and the difference in the diameter of the pipe at the two ends ensures the unity and balance of the timbre of each hole flute of the hole flute, and is conducive to the resonance of the bass, so that the weak bass becomes thick. If the length of the flute is too long and the pitch spacing is too large, it will become a disadvantage to increase the load on the arms and affect the appearance. It can be seen that there is a certain difference in the diameter of the two ends of the flute, which is meaningful to ensure a good timbre.

work

Whether the workmanship of the dong flute is excellent or not can be divided into two parts: external and internal.

The external part is relatively easy to distinguish, that is, whether the excavation of the sound hole and the blowing hole is smooth and clean, and whether the size of the sound hole is uniform and beautiful.

The so-called inner part refers to intonation and timbre. Pitch, timbre is not only related to the diameter of the pipe, the thickness of the pipe wall, the depth and shape of the blowing hole, but also closely related to the mouth shape of the player. Therefore, attention should be paid to the selection.