readx;? Thinking of the benefits and harms of the three calamities, the causal rat's body still trembled involuntarily, and said slowly: "This, with my strength, in fact, I already know the time of my three calamities, and I also know that because of the blessing of the causal tree for many years, this heavenly way must be extremely hateful to us, the causal family, so the benefits and disadvantages of these three calamities must be the highest standard to deal with us." Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 Therefore, it is impossible for me to survive these three calamities on my own,......"

I, seeing his will, was so depressed, and hurriedly said: "Don't say so useless words, as long as you restart, and then have the blessing of the causal tree, won't you avoid the benefits of these three calamities! Now, let's talk about your three calamities, what is the specific time, let me know, how long do we have time to resurrect this causal tree?"

(After listening to the introduction of the three calamities by this causal rat, as well as my own previous understanding of the benefits and disadvantages of the three calamities, and then, combined with my actual situation, I was surprised to find that even if I was given another 500, 1,000 or 1,500 years with the help of the current system, I still had a very small probability of surviving under the benefits of these three calamities.)

And I, too, have nothing to do about how to avoid the benefits of the three calamities, this Monkey King has a good master who teaches the seventy-two changes of Tiangang to avoid the benefits and harms of the three calamities, but I, even the cultivation of the thirty-six changes of the earth, is also, there is no place to get it. This causal rat really wanted to fall asleep, so he came to the pillow and let me know that resurrecting this causal tree can avoid the benefits and harms of these three calamities. Even if the tree of cause and effect has not yet been resurrected by then, at least, in the coming days, I still have the courage and hope to live. Now, I wonder how many days I have left.

The causal rat thought about it and said: "Actually, tens of thousands of years ago, I knew the time of my three calamities, but I was busy searching for the whereabouts of the spirit of this causal tree and the whereabouts of the clansmen, so I wasted countless hours in vain. Now, that is, there is not much time left. If you do a preliminary calculation, it should be, there are still 500 years to go, and my three calamities will come. ......”

"It's only five hundred years!?" I exclaimed.

"It's five hundred years, but it's less than five hundred years,......," the causal rat said embarrassedly.

"What, in less than five hundred years, these days are getting shorter and shorter!" I said. Is it only less than 500 years before he resurrected this tree of cause and effect? This tree of cause and effect has its own ability to reach the sky, but after all these countless years, it has not found this way to resurrect itself; this cause and effect rat, over the years, has traveled through countless worlds and sizes, and it has also not found the way to resurrect this tree of cause and effect. How can this me, the little me, be able to resurrect this tree of cause and effect? Is it because of this tree of cause and effect, that ethereal intuition, prophecy?

The causal rat, seeing that I was not firm in my heart, retreated a little, and hurriedly said: "The benefits and harms of my three calamities should come in about five hundred years, but you, the time to resurrect this causal tree should be a thousand years. ......”

One moment it was, the next five hundred years, the other time, the thousand years, and I was confused, and I wondered, "What does this mean?" I listened and listened, and I became more and more confused, and this became another thousand years, and this again, and what about the extra five hundred years?......

The causal rat hurriedly said, "Didn't I just say this?"

I asked, "What??? what, I don't know anything!

When the karma rat saw me, such a scoundrel situation was really speechless, so he could only explain repeatedly: "I just said, didn't I say that in the face of the first tribulation of the three calamities, I can get through it very easily." And five hundred years later, the three calamities that came were the first calamity-thunder tribulation.

So, after these five hundred years, I am temporary, I don't need it, and I can get through the resurrection of this tree of cause and effect. However, after 500 years, the second tribulation of these three calamities and harms - Yin Fire, and in another 500 years, the third tribulation of these three calamities and benefits - the wind. I alone cannot resist it, and this is the blessing of the tree of cause and effect that needs to be resurrected. So, the time of your resurrection of the tree of cause and effect is to add the five hundred years after the first eon, which is a total of 1,000 years. ”

"Oh! I see! Again, I earned five hundred years of time for no reason,...... "After listening to the explanation of this causal tree, I also figured it out, this is another five hundred years away from the real catastrophe of life and death, and my heart is also temporarily relaxed, and I am a little happy."

Wait, how do I feel now, it's the monkey who was being played with in the morning? This monkey trickster gave the monkey three peaches in the morning and four peaches in the evening every day, and in return, the monkey quit, and the monkey trickster changed the distribution, giving the monkey four peaches in the morning and three peaches in the evening, and the monkey gladly accepted it. In fact, the total number of peaches is unchanged, but this monkey has never accepted it, to the point of receiving it.

(Three days and four evenings, from Zhuang Zhou's "Zhuangzi Qi Theory of Things".)

Original text: Song has a sniper, loves snipers, raises a group, can solve the meaning of sniping, and snipers also have the heart of the public. Damage his family's mouth and fill the desire of snipe. Russia will limit the food of snipers, and I am afraid that the snipers will not be tamed by themselves. The first sniper said: "With Ruoqi, three and four, is enough?" Russia said: "With Ruoqi, four and three at dusk, enough?"

There is an old man in the Song Kingdom who raises monkeys, likes monkeys, and keeps them in groups, he can understand the meaning of monkeys, and monkeys can also understand the old man's mind. The elder who keeps monkeys would rather reduce the food he and his family have to meet the needs of the monkeys. Soon, his family will run out of food, and he will limit the amount of food for the monkeys. But fearing that the monkey would not obey him, he deceived the monkey and said, "Give you acorns, three in the morning and four in the evening, is that enough?" And he said, "Give you acorns, four in the morning and three in the evening, right?" and the monkeys were very happy and they all lay on the ground.

The author of the previous and later texts of this fable has given his own explanation, the previous text says, "Lao Shen is one and does not know the same, and the name "Chaosan" means: it takes a lot of effort to understand that things are one, but do not know that the things themselves have the same characteristics and characteristics, which is called "Chaosan".

Later in the text, it says, "It is a saint and a right and wrong, and it is said that there are two lines." Therefore, the ancient sages confused right with wrong, and lived in a natural and balanced realm, which called things and self to have their own place and develop on their own.

The original meaning of this story is to expound a philosophical truth, and it is an important fable in the "Zhuangzi Qi Wu Theory", whether it is three or four or four, in fact, the monkeys have not increased or decreased, and the monkeys are very ridiculous. The sniper is like a "big block" carrying sentient beings, and the monkey is like a savient being in the chaotic red dust. Theorists who pursue name and reality always try to distinguish between the different properties of things, not knowing that things themselves are identical. In the end, I can't help but be like a monkey, being deceived by the three and the four and the four. We warn people to let go of their mortal minds that care about gains and losses, because all of our lives are temporary, and in the end we will find that we have nothing to lose or gain. Because no matter how many forms there are, there is only one essence. Song "Ercheng Quanshu, Testament, Eighteenth Mr. Yichuan's Words": "If the sage is not known, how can the heart of the sage be the art of the three twilight and four in the later generations?" Unfortunately, the people who later applied this idiom did not know the origin of the three twilight and four times, and confused it with "the twilight of the dynasty". The latter refers to the Warring States Period, when the two great powers of Qin and Chu were opposed, and some weak and small countries fell to Qin for a while, and then to Chu. Just like during the period when the United States and the Soviet Union were vying for hegemony, some African countries sometimes turned to the United States and sometimes to the Soviet Union. Originally, it had nothing to do with this, but with false rumors, over time, everyone was accustomed to understanding "three days and four days" as unprincipled and capricious.

And now I am not in the same situation! There are no nails in the mountains, and it takes a thousand years to cultivate. In this cultivation career, the unit of counting of time is no longer seconds, minutes, hours, days, and months, at least years, and ten years are the most basic units of counting. And the higher the level of cultivation, the higher it is, it is not, this is a simple year, that is, a hundred years, a thousand years, ten thousand years, to count the cultivation time. (There are a lot of cultivators here, who only come out once every 10,000 years, and the world is already changing with each passing day.

For example, the famous "only a few months in the cave, a thousand years in the world." This sentence. "It's only been a few months in the cave, and it's been a thousand years in the world. Originally, it was from the story of Master Hanshan who was enlightened by the Buddha and entered the meditation process. It is the utilization of "a few days in the cave, and the world has been a thousand Fu Fu shaking Tan Hao Dian Tong to set the year". The ancient Indians believed that Brahma, the father of all living beings and the chief god of Brahmanism, was one eons in one day, equal to 4.32 billion years on earth (another version equals 4.32 million years). Sayings such as "one day in the sky, one year on earth" and "a few days in the cave, thousands of years in the world" all come from Buddhism, and this concept comes from Huainanzi: Rotten Ke

The original saying is: Seven days in the mountains (some versions are "in the cave") and the Chinese side (some versions are "one day"), and the world has been thousands of years. The story of the Han "Rotten Keshan" is spoken. It is said that a woodcutter went into the mountain to chop wood, saw the two immortals playing, saw the time and forgot the time, and when it was over, he found that the axe in his hand had rotted.

Seven days in the cave, a thousand years in the world. Speaking of the following things, I will quote different sources:

Yu Xi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote "Zhilin" in the Yonghe period of Emperor Mu: "There is a stone room in Xin'an Mountain, and the king enters his room, and he sees the two boys playing against each other, and looks at it. The bureau is not over, and it is regarded as the decay of the salary he is holding, so he returns, and the township is no longer in place. In a few words, the characters, things, causes and consequences are clearly explained. The concise text contains rich meanings, which make people have endless memories and reverie. According to Yu Xi's record, the Book of Jin is briefly recorded as: "Wang Zhen entered the mountain to chop wood, and saw Ertong Go." Sit and watch, and get up, the axe is rotten. ”

When Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (year), Li Daoyuan quoted Zhongyun in the "Dongyang Chronicles" in the "Water Jing Note" volume 40 "Zhejiang Water": "Xin'an County has a hanging room ban, in the middle of the Jin Dynasty, there is a people's king, cut down wood to the stone room, see the four boys playing the piano and singing, the quality is stayed, Yi Ke listened. The boy uses a thing like a jujube core and quality, and the quality contains it and he will not be hungry. Oh, the boy said, 'It returns!' Leaving with the voice, the axe is all gone. has returned, and it has been decades since the quality went home, and the family affection has withered, and there is no time to return. This account differs greatly from what Yu Xi described. Li Daoyuan's account is very specific and vivid, but it is clear that Li Daoyuan is a northerner, and what he has heard is different. Yu Xi is a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, and the description is also early. It should be said that Yu Xi's account is more appropriate.

The "Narrative of Differences" of the Liang people of the Southern Dynasty Ren Fang (year) contains: "Shimur Mountain in Xin'an County, the king of the woodcutter in the Jin Dynasty felled wood. Seeing the boy singing chess with several people, the quality is because of listening. The boy takes one thing in the quality, such as the jujube core, and the quality contains it without feeling hungry. Oh, the boy said, 'Why don't you go?' The quality is from the beginning, the axe is rotten, and there is no return. ”

In the "Book of Sui and the Book of Classics", it is called "The Legend of Cave Immortals": "Wang Zhen, a native of Dongyang (Xin'an was under the jurisdiction of Dongyang County at that time), also went into the mountains to cut wood, and met several boys in the stone room who sang and laughed at Go. Pledge the axe. The boy uses a thing like a jujube core and substance, so that when he swallows its juice, he will not feel hungry and thirsty. Tong Ziyun: 'You have been here for a long time, but you can return it. 'The quality of the axe, Ke has been rotten, and the quality has been returned home for hundreds of years. ”

During the reign of Song Qingyuan (year), Zhu Mu's "Fang Yu Shenglan" wrote when talking about Quzhou's Langke Mountain: "The king of Jin Qiao entered the mountain, and suddenly saw two boys playing under the bridge, and sat and watched with the axe he held. The boy instructed: 'Thou art rotten!' The quality returns, see the township has been and the hundred-year-old cloud. In addition, Zhang Junfang's "Yunhang Qijian" and so on also recorded this matter.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were many articles about Wang Zhi's Rotten Ke, such as "Shang Youlu" by Xiao Yongbin, "Qingxia Cave Sky Travel" by Hu Han, and "Rotten Ke Mountain" by Liu Wenming. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (year), Xiao Liangyou, the son of the country, wrote in "Longwen Whip Shadow": "The Jin King is qualitative, Quzhou people, into the mountains to cut down wood to the stone room, see the two boys Go, the quality of the axe, the boy to the object such as the jujube core and quality, containing it is not hungry." Than also, the axe is rotten. It has been hundreds of years since I arrived at home, and there is no survivor of the old. Later, he re-entered the mountain and attained the way. People often see it, because of the name of the mountain day 'Rotten Ke Mountain'. ”

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Cai Fangbing's "Revised Wenyu Ji" contains: "Quzhou Mansion Mountains and Rivers: Rotten Ke Mountain, south of Fucheng, a stone room, Taoist book is the eighth cave of Qingxia. The king of Jin Qiao entered the mountain and saw the two boys. The quality is placed in the axe, and the boy and the quality are like jujube cores, and they are not hungry for food. At the end of the game, he said: 'Your axe is rotten!' He is 100 years old when he returns home.

In addition, Yu Yu, Liu Zhaoyuan, Wang Guanwen, Zhou Hong, . Gu Yuanxi's "Dragon See Pot Manuscript", "Dixuan Building", "Yiyuan Sketches", "Mustard Garden Anthology", "Lanyin Pavilion Manuscript" and other books all have monographs on the quality of the king of Rotten Keshan.

The "Dictionary of Chinese Names" published in June of the tenth year of the Republic of China contains: "Wang Qian, a native of Quzhou. Entering the mountain to cut wood, to the stone room, see the two boys playing Go, and look at it with an axe. When a boy eats things like jujube kernels and quality food, he does not feel hungry or thirsty. The boy said, 'You have been here for a long time, but you can return it.' 'The quality of the axe is rotten. It has been hundreds of years since I returned home, and there is no survivor of the old one. Re-enter the mountain and attain the way. ”）

It can be said that in this vast history of cultivation, even in this short period of five hundred years, or this short thousand years, it really can't stir up any big waves!

(In the Journey to the West, the most frequent sentence in the concept of time, that is, the description of time, is "one day in the sky, one year on the earth".)

In "Journey to the West", the fantasy of "one day in the sky, one year on earth" appeared, and this seemingly incredible fantasy has become a scientific reality in Einstein's theory of relativity!

Suppose a person takes a photon rocket and travels to space at the speed of light for a year, then, when he returns to Earth, his son is already a gray-haired old man, but he is still so young, and his son is older than his father!

In Einstein's theory of relativity, clocks moving at the speed of light move slower, rulers are shortened, and even space-time and light are bent.

According to Einstein's theory of relativity, there is a relativistic effect, that is, when the speed of an object is very close to the speed of light (about 300,000 kilometers per second), space-time curvature will occur, and the clock will slow down, which will be more obvious when the speed of the object exceeds 99.99% of the speed of light.

"One day in the sky, one year on earth", this sentence often appears in "Journey to the West". This may be wrong from a scientific point of view, but from the perspective that the heavens and the earth are two different planes in the novel, such a statement is correct. Whether this sentence is correct or not, it often appears in "Journey to the West", and it has a deep meaning.

What is the purpose of "Journey to the West" repeatedly mentioning "one day in heaven and one year on earth......"? The monkeys said: "King, you are in heaven, and you don't know the hour." One day in heaven is a year in the lower realm. May I ask the king, what is the official residence?......

This is the first time that "one day in heaven and one year on earth" has appeared in our eyes, and this is also a foreshadowing laid by Wu Chengen. Wu Chengen explained this time gap before Tang Seng and his apprentices learned the scriptures, and there was a direct connection with the monsters that Tang monks and apprentices encountered in the heavenly court who cultivated to the lower realm and caused chaos.

In the original work, it is said: "What is the yellow robe very strange?" The walker said: "Your Majesty's concubine is the Kui Star of the upper realm, and the jade girl who makes love serve the incense, because Sifan landed in the world, it is not trivial, because of the previous life, there should be these marriages." That monster was played by the Jade Emperor in the Heavenly Palace, and the Jade Emperor found that he couldn't reach four times, thirteen days in the lower realm, that is, thirteen years, one day in the sky, and one year in the lower realm. He followed the stars of the headquarters, accepted him in the upper realm, and degraded him to make meritorious contributions in the Tushi Palace, but Lao Sun saved Ling Ailai. ”

Similar plots have appeared more than once in "Journey to the West", the gods didn't pay attention, a certain monster went down to earth to make trouble, etc., but it was only a few days of effort. But these days, but in the world, it is a few years. Let's imagine that if the time in the heavens and on the earth were the same, no matter how bad the management of the heavenly court was, there would not be a situation where it would not be possible to find that there were animals cultivating to the lower realm for thirteen years. The time is the same, the monster has only been in the world for a few days, how can it still cause chaos? Only "one day in heaven and one year on earth" can show that the heavenly court is only negligent, but the monster has been in the world for several years or even more than ten years. In this way, there will be time for the monsters to mess around, and the development of the plot will be normal.

A question will arise here, are these monsters in the Heavenly Court who have cultivated to the Nether Realm to cause chaos in the Nether Realm for the first time? Obviously not. In the case of the green cow spirit, the original book says: "The walker enters the inside,...... Suddenly, I saw a boy sleeping by the bullpen, and the green ox was not in the pen. The walker said: "Old official, go Niu Ye! Leave Niu Ye!" Lao Jun was shocked: "When will this evil animal leave?" Just as he was shouting, the boy woke up, knelt down in front of him and said: "Grandpa, the disciple is asleep, I don't know when he left." Lao Jun scolded: "How do you sleep?" Tong Er kowtowed and said, "The disciple picked up a pill in the Dan room, ate it at that time, and fell asleep here." Lao Jun said: "I think it was the Seven Returns Fire Pill that I refined the day before yesterday, but I dropped one and was picked up and eaten by this guy." If you eat a pill, you should sleep for seven days, and because you are asleep, there is no one to take care of it, so you take the opportunity to go to the lower realm, and it is also seven days. “

There are many things like this, and there are also things like the gods who drink too much on a whim, and the mounts and other things that cause chaos in the lower realm. Immortals are not attached to mortal dust, but those animals that have cultivated to perfection are. Therefore, the green cow does not die in all hearts, and the lower realm is chaotic. If there is no "Western Heaven Scriptures" is touched by Sun Wukong, then what will happen to this green cow essence? In fact, this also tells us that there are many monsters like the Green Bull Spirit who sneak out of the heavenly court to cause chaos in the Nether Realm privately, which immortal doesn't have a mount or pet by his side? When they went down to earth without permission before, when they were discovered, it was just that the fairy children secretly retrieved them in order to avoid punishment, or the gods themselves retrieved them. If Tang Seng goes to learn scriptures a year or two later, he may encounter the yellow cow essence and the black cow essence.

From the satirical perspective of "Journey to the West", Wu Chengen used this point to satirize the officialdom at that time, some important ministers were not strict with their subordinates, causing them to bring disaster to the country and the people under the banner of a certain important minister in the court. This kind of thing is also commonplace in the officialdom in history, even if you don't watch history and only watch film and television dramas, you can see similar things.

"One day in the sky, one year on earth" is a very ingenious setting, and it is precisely with this "one day in the sky, one year on the earth" that the plot of "Journey to the West" is more reasonable and watchable. It can't be that all the monsters were killed by Sun Wukong and others after hundreds of thousands of years of cultivation in the mortal world, it would be too boring.

But I, still, look at this matter as a mortal and from the eyes of a mortal, which is more than 500 years for no reason, and I am still complacent there, without a sense of crisis, and I am destined to suffer a big loss!

For example, in the future, if I come across a treasure that can increase my strength or prolong my lifespan, it is very expensive! So should I buy it? Should I buy it? If I still follow the example of mortals, be diligent and thrifty, and be a childish person, and not buy these treasures that have benefited me, then I have missed an opportunity in vain!

Then he sighed as follows: "There was once an invincible treasure in front of me, I didn't cherish it, and I regretted it when I lost it, and there is nothing more painful in the world than this." If Heaven could give me a chance to do it again, I would say three words to that treasure: I bought it. If I had to put a deadline on the deal, I would like it to be...... Never return!"

If I bought this treasure again, but I have the profit-seeking mentality of a merchant among mortals -- buying low and selling high, selling this treasure at a high price, and only focusing on immediate benefits, this is actually a loss-making transaction of 10,000 percent! This treasure that can only be used on oneself to increase one's strength is the real profit!

I have to do a good job of reforming my original mortal thinking! Otherwise, it will be difficult to survive in this cultivation world. Remember, remember!!

(The above behavior is a typical purchase of pearls!)

"The original intention of buying and returning pearls was to return the pearls from the wooden box that was bought to hold the pearls. The metaphor has no eyesight, the trade-offs are not right, and the secondary is better than the major. Buying and returning pearls is a derogatory term, and words similar to it are: abandoning the original to the end, putting the cart before the horse, reversing the negative salary, sacrificing the original to seek the last, and making improper trade-offs.

Buying and returning pearls is from "Han Feizi Foreign Reserve Says Upper Left". "The Chu people have sold their pearls to Zheng, which is the cabinet of Mulan, and the cinnamon and pepper are decorated with pearls and jade, decorated with roses, and the feather and cui are used. The Zheng people bought their coffins and returned their pearls. This can be described as a good seller, but it can not be described as a good pearl. ”

Han Feizi was born in the 35th year of King Zhou (about 281 BC) and died in the 14th year of the reign of King Qin (233 BC), Han Fei was the son of Han (that is, the son of the monarch), Han nationality, and a Korean at the end of the Warring States Period (now Xinzheng, Henan Province). He studied under Xunzi, a famous philosopher, thinker, political commentator and essayist in ancient China, and a master of Legalist thought.

Those who are not good at reading are elite and scumbag. Buying and returning pearls, although it is more Xi Yi, switching to the vernacular, there is absolutely no such disease. (Qing Qiu Tingliang, "On the Vernacular as the Foundation of the Restoration")

Allusion to the idiom of buying and returning pearls: A native of Chu State, he has a beautiful pearl, and he plans to sell this pearl. In order to sell it at a good price, he used his brains to package the pearl well, and he felt that with the noble packaging, the "identity" of the pearl would naturally be high.

This Chu native found the precious magnolia and invited a skilled craftsman to make a box (i.e., 椟) for the pearl, and smoked the box with cinnamon pepper spices to make it fragrant. Then, on the outside of the box, many beautiful patterns are carved and inlaid with beautiful metal lace, which looks shiny and shiny, and it is really a delicate and beautiful handicraft.

In this way, the Chu people carefully put the pearls into boxes and took them to the market to sell.

Soon after arriving at the market, many people gathered around to admire the boxes of the Chu people. A Zheng Guoren took the box in his hand and looked at it for a long time, couldn't put it down, and finally bought the Chu people's box at a high price. After Zheng Ren paid the money, he took the box and walked back. But after a few steps, he returned. The Chu people thought that the Zheng people regretted it and wanted to return it, but before the Chu people could finish thinking about it, the Zheng people had already walked to the Chu people. I saw Zheng Ren take out the pearls in the open box and hand them to Chu Ren and said, "Sir, you forgot a pearl in the box, and I came back to return the pearls." So the Zheng people handed the pearl to the Chu people, and then lowered his head and walked back while admiring the wooden box.

The Chu people held the returned pearls and stood there very embarrassed. He originally thought that others would appreciate his pearls, but he didn't expect that the exquisite outer packaging exceeded the value of the inside of the box, so that it "dominated the guests", which made the Chu people cry and laugh.

The idiom "buy and return the pearl" defends the falsehood

Reading "Han Feizi" recently, I made an unexpected discovery. The idiom of "Han Feizi" "buy and return the pearls" turned out to be a misunderstanding of "Han Feizi". This idiom is completely untenable.

Almost all dictionaries include "buying and returning pearls", and the interpretation is roughly the same. "Ciyuan" is interpreted as "to take improperly", and "Cihai" is interpreted as "to abandon the original and chase the end, and to choose improperly", and so on. Take the interpretation of the Chinese Dictionary of the Commercial Press as an example:

"Han Feizi" records: There was a Chu man who put pearls in a wooden box and went to Zheng to sell them. A Zheng Guoren thought the box was beautiful, so he bought the wooden box and returned the pearl to the seller. The metaphor is not a good choice, grasping the secondary and losing the major.

Is it really an improper choice to "buy and return the pearls"? Is this the original intention of "Han Feizi"? In order to avoid taking quotes out of context, the relevant full text of "Han Feizi" is also introduced.

The king of Chu said that Tian Jiu said: "Mozi is also a scholar, and his body is okay, and his words are not argued, why not?"

Said: "In the past, Qin Bai married his daughter to the son of Jin, dressed him up, and there were seventy wives from the clothes. To the Jin Dynasty, the Jin people loved their concubines and cheap princesses. This can be described as a good concubine, but not a good woman. The Chu people have sold their pearls to Zheng, which is the cabinet of Magnolia, lavender with cinnamon pepper, decorated with pearls and jade, decorated with roses, and compiled with feather cui. The Zheng people bought their coffins and returned their pearls. This can be described as a good seller, but it is not a good seller. The talk of this world is also the argument of the words, and people read the text and forget its use. Mozi said, preaching the way of the ancestors, talking about the words of the sages, in order to proclaim people; if you argue with it, you are afraid that people will cherish its text, forget its use, and use it directly. This is the same as the Chu people's mane beads and Qin Bai's marriage to the same kind of daughter, so his words are not argued. ("Han Feizi Says Upper Left")

Look, this pearl merchant of Chu State spent so much money and energy to beautify the pearl box, so that Zheng Guo's customers bought the beautiful box, but not the pearl he wanted to sell. "Han Feizi" criticized this Chu man for "being good at selling pearls, but not good at selling pearls", but did not accuse Zheng people of "buying their pearls and returning them". The current idiom and its interpretation have turned the original book's criticism of the Chu people's man's beads into a criticism of the Zheng people's purchase of the pearls. Doesn't this reverse the original meaning of "Han Feizi"?

Let's see what "Han Feizi" satirizes with this story (and the story of Qin Bai's marriage). The original book criticizes the scholars for drowning out the theories that have been applied to the world with exaggerated arguments, and does not accuse the readers (listeners) of appreciating the literary brilliance of the words, while the current idioms and their interpretations turn the original book's criticism of scholars' use of literature into an improper choice of the audience, which is obviously completely contrary to the purpose of the original work.

"Han Feizi" has already given this fable an accurate name: "Chu People's Mane Pearl". Later, people changed it to "buy and return the pearls", and the so-called improper name is not good, and the plot and theme of this fable have also changed.

It can be seen that the current idiom "buy and return pearls", regardless of its name, original meaning, or extended meaning, is a misinterpretation of "Han Feizi".

So, is the argument of "Han Feizi" completely justified? Although the behavior of this Chu businessman is inappropriate, isn't Zheng Guo's customer "buying and returning pearls" also an improper trade-off?

No, this Zheng Guo customer only took a fancy to the beautiful box, so he bought the pearl and returned the pearl, which was a good choice and shrewd. If you buy a pearl that you don't like, or don't need, or can't recognize, and it's expensive, it's a mischoosing. Therefore, it is common sense that "Han Feizi" did not accuse Zheng Ren of buying and returning pearls. The idiom "buy and return pearls" and its interpretation, which requires people to buy expensive pearls, is the wrong "shopping guide".

The editor of a dictionary subconsciously felt the problem of the idiom "buy and return the pearls", so he added such a plot: Zheng Ren "paid the price according to the price of this box of pearls, but took out the pearls and returned them to the merchant" (see Liaoning Publishing House's "Idiom Allusions"), so of course it is common sense, can justify itself, and this idiom seems to be valid. But this key plot — paid for at the price of pearls — is not at all what "Han Feizi" intended. After this change, the parable becomes a story of a profiteer defrauding his customers, which is no longer relevant to the story of the irony. Therefore, the kind of adjunct that this dictionary does is completely inconsistent with the original work, which just exposes the fatal flaw of the idiom "buy and return the pearl".

In short, the current idiom "buy and return pearls" and its interpretation are inconsistent with the canon, unreasonable, and should be abandoned. The idiom that exemplifies "Han Feizi" should be "Chu Ren Zhu Zhu", or "Chu Zhu Fu Zheng", or "Qin Nu Chu Zhu". Interpretation is to use the text to harm, the text is floating in reason, and the end is better than its original and so on.

Liu Xian, of the Southern Dynasty, correctly understood and used this fable in "Han Feizi". He said: "In the past, the Qin women married the Jin, from the concubines of the literary clothes, the Jin people were noble and the lowly women; If the text is superficial and the end is better than the original, then the complex lies here. ("Wenxin Carving Dragon, Discussion Pair") here uses "Qin Nu Marrying Jin" and "Chu Zhu Fu Zheng" to satirize "Wen floats in reason, and the end is better than its roots", which is consistent with the classics and reasonable, which is very appropriate.

Some people may think that the current idiom "buy and return pearls" and its interpretation have been used for many years, and they have become conventions and customs, and they should not be changed. Even if this reason can be established, it is not possible to directly impose the idiom "buy and return pearls" to "Han Feizi" like the current dictionaries; instead, we should truthfully explain the origin, evolution, and degeneration process of this idiom, so as not to spread false rumors and laugh at it.

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