In many introductory popular science books, primary school students often follow the cognitive path of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes to guide the country and sell their own half a bucket of water.

Well, in fact, it can't be regarded as pointing at the country, pointing to the universe.

So they will find it easy to invent a complete concept of black holes.

Because they don't even think about the increase and decrease of total entropy in a closed system.

It's like an idiot who sees mountains and water.

What the Buddha saw was a mountain or a mountain, and water or water.

But in fact, the realm of idiocy is even lower than those who are paranoid in the middle who "see the mountain is not the mountain, and see the water is not the water".

Just because his conclusion is the same as that of a Buddha does not mean that his realm is the same as that of a Buddha.

The idiot's answer is blind, and I don't know why. The Buddha came back in a big circle.

But it is precisely because of the expert that Gu Play looks at the door, so those research topics that seem simple to elementary school students on the earth are not simple at all in the eyes of professional Professor Iverson, and even feel that Gu Play is deliberately grandstanding and jumping into the fire pit.

……

Three months after the start of school, Gu Wan's first related paper was quietly published in Astrophysics.

The grade of "Astrophysics" is much lazy, anyway, it is a very good journal in the field of astronomy, with a SCI impact factor of more than 10.

It took less than half a month to write, and it took two and a half months to respond to the reviewer's questions and wait for publication, but it was already very fast. However, considering that other doctoral students generally take a semester or even a year to open a topic, Gu Play will not delay the publication in three months.

The reason why it is said to be a quiet publication is because Gu Play did not notify his mentor Professor Iverson in advance. Professor Iverson had only heard him talk about the rough topic of the topic, and the article had not been revised by the professor at all, so the professor himself saw the full content of the paper for the first time in the journal brochure.

"This is your Ph.D. dissertation?A review of the current state of research on super-gravitational objects that conform to Schwarzschild radius?"

He didn't use the word black hole, because it wasn't rigorous, and no one on the Blue Hole Star mentioned it now.

The so-called review paper is to summarize the latest research status in a certain field. Because this kind of article is suspected of the number of results of fried cold rice water, the top journals are relatively strictly controlled.

Generally speaking, if a 70-point point can be published for a general advancement study, then a review article with a score of at least 80 points is eligible for publication, which is definitely more stringent than a push-ahead study.

Or, unless you are a great god and famous all over the world, then you can also write a summary casually, and no one will say that you are water.

The thesis of a graduate student is generally a bit of a review nature, because in the years when you decide to study for a master's degree or a doctorate, you must analyze the current situation of the field and what you have not yet figured out.

It's just that the average doctoral student has to defend the thesis proposal report on his own in the school, or go to the university's journal level journal, or other journals that are not very good, and post a review.

It is estimated that there is no one like Gu Wan who directly posted a review in "Astrophysics" as his doctoral opening report.

The reason why he can succeed is obviously related to the fact that he is already a god who has sold more than one million popular science books - be modest, or a god in popular science.

The more popular people are, the more qualified they are to do inventory work.

And other influential people like him in the field of popular science, who have already become completely famous, who is still studying for a doctorate.

Therefore, Professor Iverson has no way to take him, even if he wants to play with him in terms of topic selection and creativity, or share his reputation in the future, he can't share the profit.

Although Gu Play is a doctoral student he leads, he can directly post in a world-class authoritative journal in the field without even knowing what he wants to prescribe, and post a post for every step of the inventory.

The level of ferocity is comparable to that of a permission dog.

Even if the guru wants to stop it, it's not impossible. But if you have to deliberately make things difficult after someone has already posted to prove it, it will be tantamount to blatantly doing what was originally an unspoken rule in front of the camera, and Professor Iverson's academic reputation will be lost.

If Professor Iverson still wants to beat Gu Wan, he can only discuss with Gu Wan academically and with his real skills.

Professor Iverson, of course, also struck, whether it was for the sake of face or really for the sake of science:

"The main point of your review is that the main contradiction that exists and cannot be defined is that if it exists, it would be contrary to the second law of thermodynamics.

Because the current view is that if that kind of celestial body exists, then after it swallows up the ignorance outside the original celestial body, it will destroy the entropy carried by the engulfed matter itself, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of the closed system.

So you think that if you want to prove that such celestial bodies really exist, or should be defined, you have to solve the above problems, and let these celestial bodies exist and swallow foreign matter without causing the entropy of the whole closed system to be reduced?

You've also read a Ph.D., you don't even know the basic principle that a celestial body theoretically only has three parameters: mass, angular momentum, and charge, right?"

Professor Iverson's questioning can be described as a calm and old-fashioned statement.

Perhaps many officials who have not studied physics much in undergraduates, seeing this step, are still confused as to why Professor Iverson emphasized that in the original definition of black-like objects, "entropy" has been eliminated, and why black-like objects only have the above three physical quantities.

Here's another example that is more popular, helpful to understand, but not very accurate.

In thermodynamics, where there is energy, there is heat, and where there is heat, there is radiation, which is basically the lowest consensus.

For example, if you are cold to the coldest point in the universe, there is no heat source, only the residual temperature of the cosmic background, which can also be measured - the "cosmic microwave background radiation" discovered by Penzias and Piedro back then is this thing.

Gu Play has also measured the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the measured value is lower than that of others, which is the lowest value measured by all scientists on this planet at present. (From this point of view, Gu Wan's continued study of black holes is also very academic inheritance.) ）

Therefore, the academic community believes that there is no such thing as heat and entropy but no radiation, and that the coldest point in the universe has radiation, so why don't you have radiation? If there is no radiation, it is equivalent to no entropy and no energy.

(Again, this statement can't be so equal, and it will take several turns in advanced physics, but for everyone to understand, it's just an approximate statement.) ）

And black holes are supposed to be radiation-free. Because you can't shoot light, how can radiation come out?

The essence of radiation is that there is a carrier for energy fluctuations such as electron fluctuations and elementary particle motion. Light is also a type of radiation, and if light does not emit out, radiation naturally cannot emit out.

Therefore, black holes should not have heat and entropy, and the process of black hole devouring is to extinguish entropy, which is a great rebellion and violates the first law of the universe.

For decades, thousands of scientists have been prejudiced by this idea and locked to death, which has caused this leak to be left here and waiting to be picked up.

Because those who mentioned this before him were regarded as civil science with poor basic skills.

It's a pity that in the next second, the new theoretical research that Gu Play came up with made Professor Iverson question it steadily, and a crack appeared.

As mentioned earlier, his opening thesis was prepared three months ago and sent out two and a half months ago. The reason why it is only published now is because it takes a long time on the part of the journal.

Therefore, the two and a half months after it was delivered were enough to do a lot of things.

When Professor Iverson asked him to defend the idea of the opening question, he had already done all the work in the latter stage on a scale.

This is also the advantage of engaging in pure theoretical physics, because you don't need to use the laboratory, you don't need to rely on the material resources of the tutor, as long as you have a pen and paper deduction and a computer to help you calculate, it is enough.

On the earth, after becoming a person with ALS, Hawking could only lie in a wheelchair every day and use his brain to make up for it, focusing on his brain for more than ten years, and making up for this problem.

(Hawking himself admitted that he was very impatient when he was younger, had a wide range of interests, and was hot for three minutes.) Later, after being paralyzed, I couldn't do anything, I was cut off from the possibility of doing everything else, and I was left with meditation every day, and then I thought about it for more than ten years and figured it out.

It is estimated that when Masami Mada drew "Saint Seiya", she borrowed it, so Virgo Saga usually closes her eyes, does not see, hear or hear, which helps to awaken the seventh sense of Saint Seiya. Seiya also has to be abolished by Saga before awakening the seventh sense. In the underworld chapter, even the seventh sense is abolished, so that the "alayya consciousness" can be awakened. This paragraph is pure nonsense. ）

It can be seen that the loopholes in the black hole problem really do not need the support of material conditions.

Gu Play's current conditions are 10,000 times better than a paralyzed patient whose muscles can only be controlled by three fingers and his tongue can't even be controlled.

"Professor, this is my two and a half months, some thoughts on the question you just raised, just sent it last week, or for Astrophysics. Now I don't even know if I can pass it or if I want to revise it. However, I would like to ask you to correct it if it is convenient for you. ”

Gu Yu unceremoniously took out the new paper he had achieved in the past few months, which could be regarded as an answer.

Professor Iverson's eyes flashed, and he looked at Gu Yu in detail.

"Do you think black holes also have radiation? That's your explanation? Black holes can't even escape light, so how can there be radiation?

Is light a kind of radiation? Does radiation need a material carrier? Isn't radiation the embodiment of energy, not the propagation of a reflection of the speed of microscopic particles?

Is your solution to the problem just to create a new paradox? to define that this celestial body has no matter or energy carriers that can escape, and at the same time to say that entropy radiation can escape? Am I taking in a Ph.D. student who is talking nonsense?"

Gu joked: "No carrier of radiation can escape from a black hole, it does not mean that a black hole cannot produce radiation, these are two concepts." ”

Professor Iverson was a little confused, he was stunned by Gu Play. He chose to wait for the other party's explanation.

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Sogou