Chapter 20

One

What is human beings? What is human civilization, what is the development of human society?

It is "learning from things".

The development of human beings, human civilization, and human society is a pattern formed by nature, and the development of human society is closely related to the natural environment.

For this reason, why can't we adapt to the trend of social development, follow the process of social development, and move closer to the forefront of world culture, instead of sticking to the outdated ideas that emerged from the slavery stage?

Now we know that human society has developed human civilization since its own development, and from the perspective of the historical process, it has gone through four stages, namely, the stage of slavery, feudalism, the stage of the asset system, and the stage of constitutionalism; corresponding to the theoretical level, that is, the unitary system, the dual system, the triature system, and the quadrernary system; and the corresponding to social practice, that is, the value orientation of power distribution, that is, the one-power system, the two-power system, the three-power system, and the four-power system.

The unitary system corresponds to the slavery stage of the monopower, and those who have studied history know that slavery is the monopoly of one power, the rights of the slave owner are unlimited, the slave has no rights, all legal rights are in the hands of the slave owner, and the life and death of the slave are at the disposal of the slave owner.

Historical development tells us that the slave society is the most barbaric, primitive, and worst of the human civilization system, and it is also the first social system to be eliminated, and it is a social system that must die.

The countries that currently have slavery in the world basically no longer exist, and some tribes in Africa and the less developed parts of the world still have the remnants of slavery.

The dualist system corresponds to the feudal stage of the dualist system, which is the beginning of the system of combined power and the beginning of the system of distribution of rights, the purpose of which is to expand the feudal system of rights, expand the scope of snobbery, concentrate the loose slave system under the close relationship of rights, and form a dual-track centralized social system of power and profit concentration.

However, due to the problem of the principle of the dualistic system, that is, the dualistic structure is a closed space at any finite pole, and it is an open space at any infinite pole, so the dualistic structure has the phenomenon of inertial development of neither left nor right, that is, if it is closed, it is too closed, and if it is open, it is open and boundless.

Therefore, historical development tells us that the feudal society is the social system with the most drawbacks, the most backwardness, the most decadence, and the most centralized power in the system of human civilization. The feudal system produces feudal ideas, feudal warlords, feudal superstitions, feudal ignorance, feudal bureaucrats, feudal literati, feudal etiquette, etc., all of which belong to the definition of feudalism.

Of course, it is inevitable that this backward social system will be eliminated, and it is also a social system that is bound to die.

The countries with the current feudal system in the world are represented by some countries in Africa and the Middle East, as well as North Korea.

The three-power system corresponds to the capital system stage of the three-power system, which is the beginning of the separation of powers, interests, and laws, and its purpose is to separate the executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and form a social system that is independent of each other and interdependent. When society has developed to the stage of the three-power system, that is, the separation of powers, the degree of civilization has undergone a qualitative change, and human beings have begun to open up to civilization and socialization.

In the stage of the capitalist system, the disadvantages of social development are the monopoly of capital, the serious polarization of capital, the disparity between the rich and the poor, and the absolute social wealth of a small number of people.

In the same way, historical development tells us that the capitalist system society is not the social system most needed by human beings, and the excessive monopoly and concentration of capital in the capital system is the root cause of social injustice, so the capital system is also a social system that is bound to be eliminated, and it is also a social system that must die.

The countries of the current capitalist system in the world are represented by the United States, France, and Russia.

The four-tier system corresponds to the constitutional stage of the four-power system, which is the three-power separation system, that is, the upgrade board of the separation of powers.

There are currently presidential constitutional systems and constitutional monarchies in the world.

The constitutional system increases the power of the president or the monarch, divides part of the executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and forms a system of four separate powers;

The constitutionalism strengthens the supervision mechanism, disperses the risk of excessive concentration of power, balances the monopoly asset bubble of excessive expansion between the state and the private sector in the operation of capital, forms a programmatic social development system based on the constitution, and guarantees the rights of the common people.

However, the disadvantage of the constitutional stage is that the supervision mechanism is uneven, because the president or the monarchy represents the power class, so the president or the monarchy is unable to supervise the power class and the interest class.

Therefore, the constitutional stage is also a social system that will inevitably be eliminated.

Social development must have a supervision mechanism that represents the interests of the people, in order to ensure that power is not abused, and social capital is not excessively appropriated and consumed by a minority.

The process of civilization in today's human society has developed to the stage of constitutionalism. Countries represented by Germany and Switzerland are developing a constitutional presidential system, while countries represented by the United Kingdom and Japan represent the development process of a constitutional monarchy.

The constitutional social system is still developing, it is only in its infancy, and there is still a long way to go.

The constitutional social system is the starting point of the five-power social system and the springboard for the upgrading of the republican social system.

Because the historical development process of human society in the past tells us that the development process of a social system takes about a thousand years.

Looking back at history, the development process of human civilization to truly form an institutionalized society has been roughly between 3,000 and 4,000 years from its beginning to the present. It corresponds to the degree of civilization of today's society, that is, between the capital stage of the three-power system and the constitutional stage of the four-power system.

Why, then, is there an uneven development of social development and the degree of civilization in the world? The reason is that culture has hindered social development.

For example, after the 10th century, the Chinese culture of science appeared. The emergence of Chinese science and culture has seriously hindered the development process of Chinese society, resulting in the fact that China's social civilization has been seriously stagnant for nearly a thousand years, and has led to the fact that Chinese society has almost completely missed the stage of capitalist development.

Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that culture is the root cause of social development.

Two

From the perspective of human civilization from the perspective of the historical process of human beings, the process of human civilization is also a fixed pattern, which belongs to the scope of "learning from things".

It's just that where you stand, you see different "things".

If you stand on a dualistic closed structure, what you see must be a closed object, and you can only think on one track when you know the world, and you cannot see the pluralistic world.

If you stand on the three-dimensional open space, what you see must be an open object, and when you understand the world, you will present a pluralistic and three-dimensional thinking space, and see an all-encompassing and pluralistic world.

In fact, it is not completely unreasonable, but when you stand at different angles, you see a completely different "object".

You stand in a binary closed space, and your inner world is necessarily dogmatic, moral, ethical, normative, repressive, coercive, and intimidating ideologies. But if you stand in the three-dimensional open space, your inner world must be a rule-based, legal, democratic, self-oriented, open, tolerant, imaginative, and multi-dimensional ideology.

Therefore, even if you enter the three-dimensional open space, you are still in the "Gewu", what should you be or what, you should be a princely general, you should still be a princely general, he should be a common person, he is still a common person, but the space is different, the perspective of the world is different, the ideology is different, and the freedom obtained is not the same.

However, whether in the dualistic closed space or in the three-dimensional open space, all people are not completely and absolutely free, and will be constrained by different systems produced under different systems, so freedom is relative, not absolute, limited, not unlimited, only fairness and justice are truly unlimited personnel laws.

The reality is that no matter what kind of space a person lives in, freedom is a responsibility, and it is so hard. Even if you live in the United States, you must abide by the institutional constraints of the American ideological "Gewu"; if you live in China, you must also abide by the institutional constraints of the Chinese ideological "Gewu"; freedom shoulders responsibility, and self also shoulders the "Gewu", which is not so easy.

But fairness and justice are so precious and cheap, and they are only "qualified" in the hands of a few.

No matter where you live in the world, fairness and justice are still in the hands of a few, and rights (fairness) and the rule of law (justice) are still the rules for the majority to be determined by the few. No matter where you are in the world, government officials and law enforcers are a minority of the majority, and human society will always be within the scope of "learning from things".

"God Himself has laid down the eternal law of order and rights. ”

Therefore, since human civilization is also a "Gewu", then send a message to those few "Gewu" people, give the people a little more self, and give the people a little more freedom, the world is already "Gewu" in your hands, why not respect a little more natural reality, respect a little more natural development, let the people's self-consciousness into a pluralistic and open world, and do not artificially restrict the development of cultural thought, this is not the limitation and criticism of Zhu Xi's science?

Society is developing, human beings are progressing, human living space is limited, not unlimited, even if you artificially block the process of social development for another thousand years, you can't stop the giant wheel of human progress from moving forward. Artificial cultural damping is only temporary, and the progress of human civilization cannot be stagnant at a certain stage of development and stop forever.

The wise few "Gewu" people in the world often do not stand on a high place to look at the world, but take the lead in pushing forward the giant wheel of human civilization and progress together with the people, leaving behind a few words of nonsense for future generations to worship, nor leaving dogmatic teaching language for those who come after them to follow, but only leaving a voice to warn a small number of "Gewu" people, such as George Washington, the "father of the United States" of the United States.

"The country has summoned me to the presidency, and I can only obey her call. ”

"The only thing I dare to hope for is that if I carry out this task, by dwelling on the past, or by feeling the high level of trust placed in me by the citizens, I am so influenced that I neglect my own incompetence and passivity in dealing with great things that I have never experienced before, my mistakes will be mitigated by the purity of my motives, and the prejudices that give rise to them will be duly tolerated in judging the consequences of my mistakes. ”

"May God bless a government that has been formed for the liberty and happiness of the American people, for its dedication to these basic ends, and for the successful functioning of all administrative measures of politics under my responsibility. I believe that in paying this reverence to the great architects of the public and private interests, these words are equally expressed by you and the citizens at large. No one is more steadfast in acknowledging and worshiping the God who is in charge of human affairs than the Americans. ”

"Our policy will be based on the immovable principles of personal morality, and free government will demonstrate its superiority with all the characteristics that win the hearts and minds of the people and the respect of the whole world. My love for my country inspires me to look forward to this vision with joy, for according to the laws and tendencies of nature, there is an inextricable relationship between virtue and happiness, between duty and benefit, between the observance of honest and generous policies and the fruits of social prosperity and happiness, because we should equally believe that God himself has laid down the eternal laws of order and rights(1) and that he can never smile at nations that ignore them, because men are rightfully and affectionately Perhaps for the last time, the fate of preserving the sacred flame of liberty and republican government depended on the practice of what Americans were told. ”

"To the above, I would like to add one more point, and I feel that it is most appropriate to put it before the House of Representatives. This comment is relevant to me and should therefore be as brief as possible. The first time I was called to serve my country, at a time when my country was struggling for freedom, my view of my duty required me to give up any of my duties. I have never gone against this decision. The very ideas that led me to this same decision still dominate me today, and I must therefore refuse any and all personal allowances that are incompatible with me, as they may be included in and become an integral part of the standing funds of government departments. In the same vein, I must implore you that, in estimating the costs of the post I have assumed, I may limit the actual costs of the public interest to the extent of my term of office. ”

This is George Washington, the "father of the United States" of the United States, who did not say a word of lesson, nor a word of moral standards, nor did he teach people tirelessly, but only self-blame and firm responsibility.

From this point of view, none of the ancient Chinese sages is worthy of the respect of contemporary Chinese.

Three

Note: The 20th hexagram of Zhou Yi, the view of the hexagram wind and earth, Xun Shang Kun Xia.

The original text of the hexagram

See. It is not recommended, there is Fu Ruo.

The elephant said: The wind runs on the ground, look. The first king used the provincial side to observe the people and set up teaching.

"Sayings" said: "Look, see also." ”。 Look closely at an object for a long time. Bath hands, too. From the mortar water pro-dish. "Sayings". Recommended, recommended seats are also "Sayings". According to the feast, whoever is close to the land is called a feast, and those who are added to the feast are called a feast. The seat is the cause, and it is more important than the feast. Chin, big head also. "Sayings". Fu, credit. If so, choose the dish also. From the bow, right. Right, hand also. Xu Shen's "Sayings".

Note: Look carefully. After washing his hands in the basin, he did not sit directly on the recommended table, and the person with credit chose the big-headed bird dish.

The sixth day of the first month

The sixth day of the first month. Tongguan, the villain is not to blame, and the gentleman is stingy.

Xiang said: The sixth child view of the first month, the villain is also humane.

Miserly, hateful also. "Sayings".

Note: Children look carefully, the inexperienced are carefree, and the experienced are stingy.

Sixty-two resignations

Sixty-two. Peep, Privet.

Xiang said: Peeping at the privet can also be ugly.

Peep, look down also. "Sayings". Zhen, Bu asked also. From Bu, Bei thought it was a tribute. Knowing. Jingfang said, Ding provincial voice. "Sayings". Lycium also. "Sayings", the iron is short, Tanaka's weapon, and it is also a very short weapon.

Note: Secretly underestimated, the woman came to ask him.

Sixty-three resignations

Sixty-three. Watching my life, advancing and retreating.

Xiang said: Watching my life advance and retreat, I have not lost my way.

Raw and entered. Like plants and trees growing on the ground. "Sayings".

Note: If you look carefully at my birth, there is a degree of advance and retreat.

June Fourth Speech

June Fourth. Viewing the light of the country, using the guest to the king.

Xiang said: The light of the country, Shang Bin.

Country, state also. "Sayings". Light, from fire, on man. Light. use, can be executed also. Bin, respectfully. "Sayings". Press, from the shell, the guest will have a favor.

Note: Look closely, see the light of the fire on the state, and the short weapons used to pay homage to the king.

Ninety-five words

Ninety-five. Looking at my life, the gentleman is not to blame.

Xiang said: Look at my life, watch the people.

Note: If you look carefully at my birth, there is no need for those who have responsibility and experience.

On the nine resignations

On nine. Looking at his life, the gentleman is not to blame.

Xiang said: Looking at his life, his ambition is not peaceful.

Note: Look carefully at the birth of other people, and those who have responsibility and experience are worry-free.

Judging from the I Ching that I have translated, the Yi Ci is the summary of the experience of the ancient wizards, and the Elephant Ci is the rational dogmatic rhetoric of later generations, if the Yi Ci has the value of allowing future generations to practice the lessons, then the rational dogmatic thinking of the Elephant Ci has no value for today's Chinese.

The times are developing, human beings are progressing, the long-term truth is better than ignoring, the real practical experience comes from meticulous observation and verification, why the theory of the Book of Changes has developed to this day by countless people to question the voice, is because all the theory of the Book of Changes is a virtual hypothesis, can not be observed and verified by scientific practice, so it is not an exaggeration for some people to use pseudoscience.

Here are four sentences.

Xun Shangkun downwind view,

Guests are seated in front of you.

Stand aside with clean hands,

The eyes are quite modest.