Topology of the network: relationships of sets, high-dimensional structures, different geometric relationships

Basic operations are different combinations

In the inverse operation, the theory is true, but the reality is lossy

Equivalence relations: reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity

Spaces are collections

Continuous mappings correspond to collections

The central task of topology is the study of topological invariant properties. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info: some kind of operation of distance, power-law distribution, sequence convergence, including connectivity, local connectivity, and arc connectivity

Interior, borders

According to the fixed point principle and the median value theorem, organisms always have specific intrinses corresponding to certain network functions, such as the perception of the corresponding spatial position of grid cells, which is reflected in the statistical results

Pathology is the pathological changes of common, complete sets of functional, metabolic and morphological structures that may occur in the course of a variety of diseases due to the different expressions of normal physiological networks

Disease is not only the result of stable regulation and chaos, but also the result of unstable stability, that is, the game of levels reaches a new equilibrium, but in the long run it is not beneficial to the body.

Etiology: The integration of genetic level, expression level, and foreign level destroys the original homeostasis, that is, recombination, and requires a certain degree of selective expression, that is, time to recover or re-reach a new homeostasis

Pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, physical factors, chemical factors, nutritional factors, hereditary factors, immune factors are all failed integrations that can otherwise be symbiotic

The law of causal alternation, the struggle between injury and anti-injury, and the relationship between the local and the whole are all selective expressions of networks, which are complex dynamic systems, and integrated networks based on Markov chains are based on probability. The process of the disease is a specific expression of different stages, such as compensation (structural, functional, metabolic)

Objects of the network: water and electrolyte metabolism

It is necessary to maintain the concentration difference, i.e., osmotic pressure, because the organism itself is a whole that is constantly exchanged. Referring to the economic society, only a sufficiently smooth transportation and communication can continue to grow (only a certain growth rate can guarantee the overall health of the society, or a fast enough metabolism, which is reflected in the life cycle, from rebirth to aging). The potential difference is what sustains communication, and at the same time it is a manifestation of the body's tension, because it is dynamic. Depending on the topological nature of the network, we should look for a specific invariant, which is reflected in the fact that the nerve is a potential (voltage and current is a physical macroscopic quantity), and connectivity may be an option, i.e., a coupled loop

The dynamic equilibrium of exchange is invariant, such as the continuous exchange of water between various parts of the body fluids, but the water in the body is maintained within a certain range. The electrical movement of the heart and the intrinsic nature of the cell membrane are the opening and closing sequences of different ion channels, and the important thing is the formation of cycles

Phase 0 (depolarization) - Na+ inflow approaches the NA+ electrochemical equilibrium potential, constituting the rising branch of the action potential. Stage 1 (initial stage of rapid repolarization) - caused by K+ outflow. Phase 2 (plateau) - Ca2+, Na+ influx and K+ outflow are in equilibrium. Stage 3 (end of rapid repolarization) - Ca2+ influx stops and K+ efflux increases. Phase 4 (resting phase) - the 3rd phase of working cells is repolarized, the membrane potential is basically stable at the resting potential level, and the ion concentration inside and outside the cell is maintained by the transport of Na+-K+ pumps. Autonomic cells have no resting phase, and automatic depolarization begins after the end of the third period, and the potential at the end of the third period is called the maximum repolarization potential.

0Na+ influx 1K+ outflow 2Ca2+ and Na+ influx (balanced with K+ antagonism), 3K+ outflow increased, and 4Na+―K+ pumps maintained the concentration difference

There is also the periodic movement of the heart's pumps

The maintenance of concentration is a multi-system work: circulatory, excretory, endocrine, etc

Any change is a function of relative proportions, such as dehydration, which is divided into high and low isotonic according to the ratio of sodium loss and water loss, and these proportions are invariant because they can also correspond to different physiological changes: sensational, hormonal, signs, etc

The above is the problem of exchange, and then the achievement and disorder of equilibrium, acid-base balance can be seen as an intrinsic feature of the body's metabolism: the intermediate path of the source pathway, which is the selective expression of the network

A sufficiently balanced coupling can form a homeostasis that can act as a buffer system: respiration, renal excretion. For example, renal tubular epithelial cells secrete H+, NH+4, phosphate acidification, and reabsorption of NaHCO3.

The exchange of ions inside and outside the cell acts as a buffer, and the interacting ion pairs are the basic units of action

pH is influenced by both respiratory and metabolic factors, depending on the ratio of NaHCO3 to H2CO3. Due to the compensatory action of the organism, reality is in the form of coupling, and at the same time its effects are systemic

Different paths, stages, properties, durations, etc. are all changes in the probability of the network, and the overall effect (the statistical result of the matrix) is the symptoms and other phenomena that we can see

Compensation is multi-layered, which is the regulation of the network

The reserve of the network is an important resource, which can maintain the steady state of drastic changes in the environment, and the normal state is a selective expression of the overall ability, that is, it occupies a part, which is the effective xx, which is the mechanism of action of the organism. Embodied in philosophy, the power is exhausted

The mechanism of action of the nervous system is a level of the mechanism of action of the network, with certain similarities: there are primitives (nerve cells and glial cells), a small range of actions (neurotransmitters, the same central transmitter has different effects on different postsynaptic membranes) and long-distance information transmission (physiological integrity, insulation, non-attenuation, relative fatigue of nerve fibers), directional coupling (different levels), information transmission mode and effect, the coupling of the basic mode of action is the basis of regulation: inhibition (postsynaptic inhibition includes afferent collateral inhibition and reentry inhibition, presynaptic inhibition)

Multi-level integration, emphasizing network-based interaction, just like matrix operation. The whole can form different levels, but eventually a steady state can be formed. The high-dimensional structure of the network comes from the reserve energy of its constituent molecules, that is, the network of its complete expression, and the reference atom forms the molecule that needs to release energy, which is the reserve of probability

Similarity of levels

Relativity, various proportions are the mathematical forms of differential equations

The various levels are independent of each other, each occupies a certain field, and plays the marginal utility of the division of labor, which is caused by the coupling structure. Objects: reaction speed, range, duration, mode of adjustment

The self-regulation of the hierarchy is the atom-like nature of the coupling and is resistant to change

The realistic expression of the network is a multi-level coupling, just as a musical piece is a multi-level coupling. The different combinations of levels and the layers of different combinations are a kind of coupling, and complex networks tend to form closed loops, which can be more competitive, and survive in the iteration of molecular thermal motion, just as organisms continue to evolve and survive in the selection of their environment.

According to the fixed point principle and the median value theorem, there is always a certain intrinsic feature at any level that is the embodiment of the overall nature

Periodicity is a holistic property of hierarchical coupling.

The whole of the network's operation is the feedback mode, and the feedback method is also the network. Feedback is also hierarchical, and there is also some coupling. It can be represented by a certain mathematical formula, but it has a convergence radius, and the overall operation is networked, and we need to extract the eigens. The specific role is the degree of coupling between the selective expression of the network of the drug's mechanism of action and the intrinsic nature of the network of the protozoum6

The hierarchy needs to be oriented in a certain direction, like the gating of ion channels

Modes of transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and many more are membrane-based

The potential difference is necessary for the reaction to proceed, just as the sodium-potassium pump maintains high potassium on the outside and high sodium on the inside through the action of the membrane. At the same time, the ion concentration is also coupled to the charge, which is the effect of selective expression

Associative memory is the use of hierarchical similarity to reduce memory

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