Somatic synthesis, long duration of action (slow synapses), mostly modulation, which is a similar level of neurosomal regulation (humoral regulation is continuous and slow relative to neuromodulation, and there is a certain differentiation within neuromodulation)

Neuroreceptor-ligand binding depends on the sequence similarity of proteins, which is an important indicator of the probability of regulation. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 At the same time, its binding is also reversible, which is also reflected in the probability (probability differentiation of reversible reactions). The distribution of these receptors is also an intrinsic feature of the network. Its coupling forms: receptor action form (ion channel, G protein), neuronal connection mode (single-line, convergent, radial, loop). Reflection is a basic intrinsic characteristic, the pathway of the network. The coupling and combination of reflexes is the key to the composition of the organism. Each link of the reflection arc acts in the form of electrical signals, and the movement of the body can be regarded as the intrinsic nature of the network through the probability change of the sensitivity, permeability, etc. of the specific link

The coupling of reflections, the multisynaptic reflexes, the result of which is the selective expression of a particular environment, makes the operation of the network a quantum calculation: the collapse of infinite possibilities, the formation of specific patterns, the equivalent replacement of speed by the operation of space. Neural networks are such principles, first of all, infinite possibilities, and then the formation of a specific path has a certain superiority so that it can be preserved after annealing, so that the whole has a certain distribution, such as a normal distribution. However, because it is a multi-level coupling, the whole is in motion, and the competition at different levels makes the whole maintain a healthy social form. At the same time, the network can express specific characteristics at different scales, such as mucus secreted by glands, and so on. Specific formation is associated with the selective expression of genes

The intrinsic feature of the network is frequency (Fourier series), sensation is the coupling of certain electrical signals, and a specific combination is a certain pattern, such as sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and proprioception is the essence of the overall network formed by the activation or inhibition of a nerve and γ motor neurons at different locations. The overall change in bodily sensation itself is a different term of the differential equation, and the sensory cell triggers the Markov process through a specific change in sensitivity to a particular stimulus. For example, rhodopsin is sensitive to light and otoliths are sensitive to gravity, the information of change can be transmitted through the change-excitation coupling mechanism, and then the balance of the overall network can be maintained through different levels of adjustment

Excitatory transfer is the transfer of the overall properties of groups that converge to the atomic level, so as to ensure that the information transfer contains multi-level information (eigen), and the information can be diffused into a specific combination of group information (inverse operation of eigenvalues)

Multi-level sensory information: skin sensation: touch-pressure sensation, temperature sensation, pain sensation, muscle, tendon and joint sensation: position, kinesthetic, vibration sensation. Go deep into the quantum level, be sensitive to small fluctuations, and then construct the cognition of external information through the overall information collection

The sensitivity of the senses fluctuates in a certain range, and the range of different senses has a certain crossover, which may cause misjudgment of sensations, such as cold sensation and pain perception

Muscle spindle - muscle length, tendon receptors - muscle tone

Receptors - spinal ganglion - posterior fascicle - thin, wedge tract (nucleus) - medial thalamus - ventroposterolateral nucleus of the dorsal thalamus - cerebral cortex, crossover is a coupling and is the result of differentiation, avoiding all eggs in one basket can be avoided and the risk can be reduced

Receptors - spinal ganglion 1 - posterior horn of the ipsilateral spinal cord 2 - anterior and lateral tracts of the spinothalamus - ventroposterolateral nucleus of the dorsal thalamus 3 - cerebral cortex,

Trigeminal nerve - trigeminal pontine nucleus and spinal tract nucleus (pain, warmth, touch) Trigeminal nerve main nucleus and midbrain nucleus (proprioception) - trigeminal thalamus - ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus - postcentral gyrus

Cortical level: Brodmann partition, which is a more holistic description, but the specific expression of the organism is coupled

Projection characteristics of haptic sensation:1. Left and right cross 2. Fine localization, inverted distribution (except when the head and face are erect)3. Fine proportionality (specific conservation law)

Pain is also the form of activation of a specific combination of nerve fibers and their combination. Referred pain is a case in point. The similarity of the properties of the network can lead to misunderstanding, and the equivalence of the network can be used to form a specific correspondence to the parts of the pain involved in visceral diseases

Facilitation: The incoming of pain information from diseased internal organs increases the excitability of adjacent somatosensory n-elements→ and has a facilitation effect on incoming impulses on the body surface (hyperalgesia)

Convergence theory: the sensory afferent fibers of the diseased internal organs and a certain part of the body surface converge in the same posterior horn n-yuan→ pain illusion

The convergence of sensory afferent fibers is the basis of facilitation, and I think it is due to changes in probability.

The basis of multi-level coupled operations in the cerebral cortex. The cortical sensory function column is an intrinsic, like a reflex

The projection system is a holistic operation, which is divided into specific and non-specific projection systems, which require specific pointing and overall fuzzy correspondence, and are also dependent on each other

Movement is also learning, it is the combination formation and pattern formation of specific neurons, and the continuation of a certain movement can change the adaptability (changing the energy level, jumping to the high-energy combination in the transition to a stable low-energy state), and the most important thing is to build connections, and finally form a certain pattern.

Memory is the process and result of learning, which is the process and result of the formation of synapses to build connections to specific events, and specific brain regions are prone to these connections, as are the formation of proteins and transmitters in the brain, which can eventually lead to morphological changes

Listening center: posterior superior temporal gyrus, speech center: anterior base of the precentral gyrus, reading center: angular gyrus, and writing center: posterior middle frontal gyrus

Brain waves are holistic properties and are the sum total of neuronal movements. The formation of the cycle is an intrinsic feature of physiological activity

Multi-level regulation: the coupling of locomotor, endocrine, immune, and other systems with the nervous system, and the different degrees of coupling of effectors and receptors determine the behavior of the network

Motor unit: A functional unit composed of a motor n-element and all the muscle fibers it innervates (fusimal extramuralis muscle), like the sensory function column of the cortex

γn element excitation--internal spindle muscle contraction--traction muscle spindle circumflex terminal--muscle spindle sensitivity, excitability ↑--afferent impulse ↑

An element excitation -- external spindle muscle contraction -- muscle spindle tension ↓ - muscle spindle excitability ↓ - afferent impulse ↓

Percussion tendon -- elongation of the external spindle muscle -- spindle tension ↑ -- spindle excitability ↑ -- afferent impulse ↑

The internal fusiform muscle and the external fusiform muscle are coupled (spatial position in parallel, antagonistic neural effects): traction - sensitivity of the spindle ↑ excitability ↑ - a movement n-element excitation - external spindle muscle contraction = = relaxation of the internal spindle muscle - sensitivity of the spindle ↓ excitability ↓ - γ movement n-element excitation - internal spindle muscle contraction - sensitivity of the spindle ↑ excitability ↑ - a movement n-element excitation - external spindle muscle continues to contract

The spindle parallel is a length receptor and the tendon organ is a tension receptor, and the tendon organ is not sensitive to passive traction but is unusually sensitive to active muscle contraction. This is a coupling process in which the antagonistic coordination of the antagonistic coordination of movements in different directions maintains a certain steady state

The stretch reflex is a change of resistance, and muscle tension is the posture that sustains the body and is the basis of all somatic movements.

flexion reflex (injury avoidance) versus contralateral extension reflex (maintenance of the whole to avoid secondary injury)

Anyuan excitates → external fusiform muscle contraction → counteracts traction stimuli.

The contraction of the internal fusiform muscle → excited by γn element → maintain and increase the afferent impulse of the fusiform muscle spindle→ so that the external fusiform muscle is maintained in a continuously shortened state to ensure the strength of the stretch reflex.

Subvagus ganglia (nodal ganglia): cardiac large vessel wall receptors (aortic arch baroreceptors, aortic body chemoreceptors), tracheal interalveolar tissue, digestive tract (pharynx to colonic splenic flexure)

Glossopharyngeal subganglia: lingual tonsillar pharyngeal receptors, carotid sinus baroreceptors, carotid body chemoreceptors

Coupling forms of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems: corresponding spinal nerve segments, neurotransmitters and receptors (m, n), location and neurotransmitters of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers, corresponding effects

Except for the blood vessels of the skin and muscles, sweat glands, erector pili muscles, and adrenal medulla, which are only innervated by sympathetic nerves, the others are dually innervated

Functionally they tend to antagonize each other, and if there is a same tendency, it is manifested by different physiological effects (salivary glands) and dynamic equilibrium

Pregnant uterine contraction A, non-pregnant uterine β, different physiological stages of the dominant role is different

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