Participating in the battle were: the corps headquarters of a certain Red Army Corps, units directly under a certain division, three regiments, and the Red Army School. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info (During the Ganxi encounter, one of the regiments lost contact with the corps headquarters due to a break)

The main enemies participating in this meeting were: Tang Boyin and Liu Jianwen Regiment of the 55th Brigade of the Hunan Army, Wang Peiying of the 694th Regiment of the Huda Division of the 32nd Independent Brigade, and Li Xianglin of the 695th Regiment. Li Weijie of the 5th Regiment of Wang Tianxi, Liu Heming of the 6th Regiment, Yuan Jingwen, Bai Huizhang and Li Chengzhang of the 13th Regiment of the 13th Regiment. The local armed forces include the Shiqian Longtang District People's League and the Sinan County Sanjian People's League. In general, the enemy is strong.

On October 5, 1934, under the leadership of the Military and Political Committee composed of several army commanders, the regiment entered Shiqian in accordance with the orders of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. On October 7, the corps encountered the Gui enemy at Ganxi, and a division serving as the rear guard was ordered to change to the front guard. Turn back to the zoumaping. On the 12th, the main force of the corps passed through the boundary card, occupied Honjo, and planned to cross the Wujiang River from the river to the west. Due to the blockade across the river by the Guizhou enemy Wanshijiong's regiment and Hou Zhidan's troops, coupled with the lack of tools to cross the river and the telegram of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on the 13th, "the Wujiang River should not be crossed to the north", the crossing of the river was not completed, and then the battle was transferred to the mountain pass of Honzhuang. On the 13th, the enemy forces narrowed the encirclement. On the 14th, the main force of the corps camped in Sinan's Wengxi Division and Siduba. On the 15th, they crossed the Jumping River and entered the Chuanyan Dam in Shiqian, advanced along the line of Tongziping, Chuandong, Liangzi of the Twelve Mountains, and Zhujiaba, prepared to camp in Banqiao, and planned to cross the Shiqian River to join the main force of the other Red Army in the Qiandong base area. A certain avant-garde regiment marched to the vicinity of Banqiao and encountered enemy resistance, and immediately held Maoba and engaged the Guizhou enemy Li Chengzhang's troops and Liu Jianwen's regiment of the 55th Brigade of the Hunan enemy stationed in Banqiao. The main force of the corps was forced to camp in the areas of Zhujiaba, Dongjiagou, Hetaowan, and Ganjiazhai in Longtang, and set up police to pursue the enemy at Crab Well and Panjiagou in Liangzi, Twelve Mountains. Behind them, the Guizhou enemy and the Sinan militia pursued them, and the Guizhou enemy Li Chengzhang's unit and Liu Jianwen's regiment of the Hunan enemy's 55th Brigade were blocked by the regiment of the Hunan enemy's 55th Brigade and the Hunan enemy's 55th Brigade Hu Dabu's regiment from Longdong and the county town respectively; the Guizhou enemy's Bai Huizhang Division and Wang Tianxi's 5th, 6th, and 13th regiments were stationed in Yanjiawan and the Ganxi Trough in Sleepniushan and rushed to Longtang to intercept them; local militia groups were active in Banqiao, Longtang, Ganxi Trough, Yanjiawan, and other places, and the Red Army was surrounded by Hunan and Guizhou enemy troops and local militia groups.

On the 16th, the corps decided to break through the siege and withdraw south to Guorong II into Ganxi, and cross Shiqian Town (Yuan) Avenue to exit Shiqian. More than 800 men of the 52nd Regiment of a certain Red Division, under the leadership of the division commander and regiment commander Tian, were ordered to change from the vanguard to the rear guard to block the enemy and undertake the task of breaking the rear. At this time, the 52nd Regiment of a certain Red Division had been confronting the enemies of Hunan and Guizhou for a day and night. At dawn on the 16th, led by a local citizen named Jin Guoli, the army withdrew south from Niujiaba and marched along the line of Walnut Bay, Guankou, Yanjiawan, Baiyangzhai, Ertang, Guorong and Ganxi. At 8 o'clock, the main force of the corps began to pass through the pass, and from 9:30 a.m. to 12 noon at the pass, it was repeatedly intercepted by Tang Boyin of the 55th Brigade of the Hunan enemy, Hu Da of the 32nd Independent Brigade, Wang Tianxi and Bai Huizhang of the Guizhou enemy, and local militia groups, and the enemy had dozens of machine guns and mortars. The main force of the corps continued to advance while organizing forces to crush the enemy forces. After that, the main force of the legion went smoothly, the avant-garde stayed overnight in Ganxi, and the corps headquarters stayed overnight in Guorong. After completing the task of breaking off in the area of Zhujiaba, the 52nd Regiment of the Guards Red Army decided to move in the direction of Guorong and Ganxi and pursue along the route of the main force's southward retreat. At 12 noon, go to the crossroads of the pass. At this time, the road south of Daejeon at the pass was cut off by the reinforced Hunan and Guizhou enemy forces and local militia groups with machine guns and mortars. The main force of the corps had just passed, and it was also being pursued and intercepted by the enemy. In order to hold back the enemy and ensure the smooth retreat of the main force of the corps to the south, the Red 52nd Regiment broke through the pass, diverted its route to the west and went west to the main road of Twelve Mountains to Chuanyanba Trapped Niushan, and successfully led all the encircled and intercepted enemy to Chuanyanba Trapped Niushan.

The Red 52nd Regiment crossed the pass (pass) and walked in three ways, with about 30 people passing through Teng Jiuquan's house and → Chang'ao along the way, and advancing in the direction of the main force. All the way (mostly) through Yanjiaqing Temple, Liangzi of the Twelve Mountains, Nanmuwo, Miaoping, and then divide into two roads here, all the way to the Maojiahe ditch to the Ganxi trough, overnight on the opposite side of the Ganxi trough, among which there are the Red Army Li Guobing who are scattered in Yanjiawan; all the way to the leather paper factory on the trapped Niu Mountain. The other road passes through Yanjiaqing, Slippery Shapo, Liangzi of Twelve Mountains, Laoyinggou, Chuanyangou, Hongziao, Chuanyanba Street, Zhoujiaaokou, Ganhe, and Shuijingpo on Sleepy Niu Mountain. After being forced to retreat to Walnut Bay, the Red Army, which had been cut off at Datian Pass, turned over the Crab Well and, together with the Red Army who had set up police at the Crab Well and Panjiagou, went to Chuanyan Dam and Trapped Niu Mountain through the Eagle Gully. After several Red Army troops went to Niushan, they marched south along the mountain beams, preparing to go to Laojun Mountain and Yanjiawan to Guorong to catch up with the main force of the army.

After the Red 52nd Regiment broke through the encirclement at Datian Pass, the Hunan enemy Tang Boyin's regiment and the Huda Department of the 32nd Independent Brigade and the Longtang militia pursued closely, and the Guizhou enemy Bai Huizhang and Wang Tianxi intercepted and surrounded the Ganxi trough, Zhaojiashan, and Wang Qinzhai in the Ganxi Trough, Zhaojiashan, and Wang Qinzhai in the Trapped Niu Mountain, and the glorious militia of Zhou Glorious in Sinan rushed to Qinggangyuan to block the Red Army by virtue of the Heitan River Gorge. In this way, the enemy who surrounded and intercepted was all dragged by the Red 52nd Regiment, and the main force of the regiment retreated southward safely, but the remaining 400 people of the Red 52nd Regiment fell into the siege of Trapped Niu Mountain.

Sleepy Niu Mountain faces rivers on three sides, cliffs and canyons on both sides, surrounded by high mountains, and the terrain is treacherous. After more than 400 Red Army troops were trapped in Niushan, the surrounding mountains were occupied by the enemy, and there were Tang Boyin's regiment and the 32nd Independent Brigade of the Hunan Army chasing the enemy, and in front of them were the 5th, 6th, and 13th regiments of the Wang Tianxi Division of the Guizhou Army and the Baihuizhang Division, as well as local militia groups (there were still many captured and unaware of the truth of the Red Army civilians in the enemy's army), and in front and on the right were cliffs and canyons. The Red Army was newly organized, the officers and men were not familiar with it, and on the way, they accidentally ate tung oil and had diarrhea, and during the battle, they were afraid of accidentally injuring the civilians mixed with the enemy army, and they could not distinguish whether it was the militia or the common people (the militia and the common people were dressed the same), which made it inconvenient to start the battle. The division commander led more than 200 Red Army soldiers along the steep Z-shaped path in front, leaning on the rock wall and half-squatting, grasping grass and vines, one by one the underground camp pan to three steps to jump, along the river ditch to break through, and camp in the woods of Mengren Bay in Laojun Mountain that night. Later, more than 100 Red Army troops who pursued the enemy were blocked at Dingcan Fort, and the battle was very fierce, and the Red Army fought bravely. The cunning enemy knew that the Red Army cared for the common people, so they forced the local people to go ahead, and in the face of the approaching people, the Red Army soldiers turned their guns into the air, and the bullets grazed by the people, fearing that they would be injured. "The Red Army specializes in fighting uniformed enemy troops, and they have good marksmanship, one shot at a time. Local people said.

Due to the fear of injuring the common people by mistake, and the fact that the Red Army was not familiar with the terrain, they fought and left, and finally because they were outnumbered, the enemy came like a tide, and the Red Army did not have time to retreat to the camp and retreated to the edge of the cliff. At about 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the 16th, in a section about 500 meters long in Hujinggou in Trapped Niu Mountain, more than 100 Red Army soldiers would rather die than accidentally injure the civilians mixed with the enemy, and would rather die than be prisoners. resolutely jumped off the cliff en masse, sacrificed his life for the revolution, and wrote the most tragic heroic hymn in human history with his blood and life. Some were blocked by trees and vines and survived, such as Chen Shirong. Tian Haiqing, commander of the 52nd Red Regiment, died honorably in the battle. On the evening of the 16th, 24 people of the Red Army broke through the siege and divided into three routes, 8 people each, dragging their tired bodies, and retreated to Yanjiawan and Guorong through Xie Jiapo, Gantian Bay, Guanyin Temple and other three uphill places.

Before the afternoon of the 17th, the corps headquarters set out from Guorong and arrived at Ganxi, crossed Shiqian Town (Yuan) Avenue at night and went to the Qiandong base area, and on the 24th, it joined the main force of the Red Army of another branch in Muhuang, Yinjiang.

In the battle of Trapped Niu Mountain, the masses were moved by the feat of the Red Army, and many people risked their lives to rescue and adopt the wounded of the Red Army. The local people go to the Red Army cliff jumping site to commemorate the Red Army heroes according to the customs of the New Year's Festival.

The battle of Trapped Niushan was a battle in which the Red Sixth Army smashed the enemy's attempt to "suppress" and "annihilate" the enemy army after the Battle of Ganxi and victoriously broke through the siege of Shiqian; it was a battle in which the Red 52nd Regiment obeyed orders, obeyed the party's command, and victoriously completed its task after the break; and it was a battle in which the Red Army sacrificed itself for the people and interpreted the revolution for the people and the interests of the people above everything else with its life.

Tour guide Huang Guirong finished telling the story of the Red Army's battle. Seeing that it was still early, Mr. Wu said to the tour guide Huang Guirong: "Xiao Huang, it's still early, can you introduce us to Shiqian's national culture?"

Huang Guirong glanced at Vice President Jiang, and Vice President Jiang said, "Xiao Huang, you can introduce them to Mr. Wu!"

Tour guide Huang Guirong said: "Shiqian folk retain a variety of traditional cultural and art forms full of life interest and rich earthy atmosphere, such as the custom of "playing with lanterns" during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, the puppet show of worshipping the Yang God and worshipping the Buddha on the mountain, and the Wutang opera performed when the celebration altar is repaid. The traditional folk lantern show has dragon lanterns, which are divided into hair dragons, dog dragons, lion dragons, and stick mallet dragons; singing and dancing between farming and labor, such as beating grass gongs and drums; and tea lights. ”

So, the tour guide Huang Guirong introduced several folk ethnic cultures one by one.

The Gelao Maolong originated from the worship of the "Bamboo King" god by the ancient Gelao people, and its history can be traced back to the Sui and Tang dynasties. Lao Maolong continues to spread in the county in the form of folk inheritance organized by the "lantern class". The head of the dragon head and the body of the dragon are all skeletons braided with bamboo, shaped like a snake body, the tail is like a fish's tail, and the dragon head has two kinds of "unicorn" and "chicken neck". The dragon is 15 to 25 meters long and is divided into seven, nine, eleven, and thirteen buildings, each of which is 2 meters. The dragon's body is plush and fluffy after being braided with whisker-like five-colored "fire grass rods". Some lantern classes play hairy dragons and are accompanied by two "dog dragons". Playing Maolong is a collective action of the Gelao village, and the team is equipped with a special percussion band, and the percussion has a fixed music card. Every year, the Maolong Lantern Festival is a grand cultural event of the Gelao people. Its belief and worship include six cultural elements: 1. Dragon God belief (traditional stories, dragon worship rituals, dragon god occasions and supplies, dragon god recitation). 2. Affiliation, totem, and god belief (bamboo king worship, pan gourd worship, folk Buddha, Taoist worship, primitive worship), etc. 3. Braiding process, material selection (bamboo strips, colored paper, braiding technology), etc. 4. Playing skills (serving the table, crossing the single-plank bridge, double dragon treasure grabbing, single dragon playing with pearls, lazy dragon turning over, swan holding eggs, rhinoceros looking at the moon, screw top) and so on. 5. Chanting performances (opening the light, inviting water, turning into a dragon, opening the door of wealth, worshiping God, and asking for children). 6. Percussion drum and music components, etc. It is the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were records of Wu opera activities in Shiqian. In the Ming Dynasty, in the twentieth year of Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty (1484), there was also a record of the activities of the puppet opera in the "Shiqian Mansion Chronicles". In the third year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1664), the official Chen Longyan wrote in the "Theory of Wonders" in the "Shiqian Mansion Chronicles": "Qian belongs to Chuwei, believes in ghosts and witches, and has the wind of Hunan and Yuan. Autumn and winter are coming, before the spring of Layu, the drums and horns of the spring of Bihu, the cymbals and gongs, and the sound of singing resounding day and night." During the period of the Republic of China, there were more than 100 opera troupes in the territory, which were often performed in the county seat, Honzhuang, Baishuisha, Longtang and other places. Among them, the famous ones are Yan Ming Yao Shaoqing Opera Troupe, Leqiao Wang Qinglian Opera Troupe, Gong Goose Wu Zhongren Opera Troupe, and Qingyang Chen Zhengzhong Opera Troupe. After the liberation, the performance of Nu opera was regarded as "feudal superstitious activities" and was banned, and only a few activities were carried out in the most marginal rural areas. After 1979, the Nu opera culture attracted attention, and the Nu opera troupe in the county gradually resumed its development. By 1985, 23 opera troupes had been restored, and the number of artists had grown to more than 170.

Shiqian opera is divided into 6 genres. 1. Maoshan Sect: Qingyang Township Kejiawan Merchant Class, 59 ancestors, 6 generations of family traditions, Han nationality. 2. Hunan Sect: Yanming Village Xinhua Yaojia Class, 32 ancestors, 5 generations of family lineage, passed down by Hunan Baojingjiang Shijia Dapingtian Falong, Dong nationality; Leqiao Village Persimmon Huaba Wang Qinglian Class, 30 ancestors, introduced from Mayang, Hunan, Tujia family. 3. Hubei Sect: Shuangshan Class, Leqiao Township, passed down to 6 generations, Han nationality. Fourth, Huainan sect: loquat township building Yang family class, 38 ancestors, 5 generations of family lineage, Dong nationality. 5. Henan Sect: Fengxiang Township Xintun Tan Family Class, patriarch Tan Fawang learned from Anyang, Henan, 6 generations, Han nationality. 6. Sichuan Sect: Fengxiang Township Yinfeng Chen Jiawu Class, learned from Xiong Faqing in Xiushan, Sichuan, 4 generations of family lineage, Gelao clan.

There are four forms of Shiqian opera: rituals, main plays, external operas and techniques. The ritual includes more than 20 contents, such as opening the altar, raising the gods, issuing documents, setting up buildings, opening (releasing soldiers), building bridges, returning incense, Shenwen, inviting water, joining the gods, offering safflower, opening light, sprinkling clean water, visiting the city and breaking the prison, leading sex, ripening, and sending saints. It mainly constitutes the will of the ancient puppet opera of inviting the gods, rewarding the gods, and sending the gods. The religious elements and superstitions of the rituals are very strong, and some of the singing passages directly adopt the tune of Buddhist and Taoist chanting. After doing the Fa, immediately after the main play.

The main drama is the spice and supplement of the ritual, and it appears in the first person. Although the main play is a story about God, the story already has simple contradictions and character portrayals. Among them, monks and Kaishan have witty personalities, and local colloquial gags are often used in performances, making jokes and funny, forming a relatively simple and simple drama form. Music singing is the main part of the main opera, and the county's opera troupe staged 24 main operas, such as "Sweeping Plum Fragrance", "Tang's Wife", "Gan Sheng's Rush to Exam", "Hook Judgment" and so on.

(To be continued.) )