Outside drama is an activity after the completion of the Dharma, which is separated from the Dharma. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoOutside operas can be performed in or outside the house. The subject matter of the performance has little to do with God, and it is purely a form of drama for the purpose of entertaining people. Since the participants are still members of the Wu class, they have certain traces of Wu activities. It is manifested in the script, which uses the pair play as the skeleton, and retains the form of singing December and other clichés in the main play. It is not uncommon for one piece of music to be performed to the end or two tunes for several performances, reflecting that the outer opera is still a kind of naïve drama that has not yet taken shape.

What the four forms have in common is that the music is accompanied by drums, and each phrase is repeated at the end. And the words are more and less cavity, the arrangement is flexible, the knots are changeable, and there is a great improvisation.

The music of the opera is divided into two parts: singing and percussion. The ritual mainly uses the Nu dialect, with a small amount of Zen and Taoist tones in between, the main opera uses a folk song minor key with a small amount of the nu dialect interspersed, and the external opera borrows the tones and folk songs of other operas. The overall structure of the cavity is the juxtaposition of single songs, and the different keys are arranged before and after without being connected, and there is no certain law for the columns. There are feather tones, Hui tones, palace tones, and business tones. Since the female characters in the opera are dressed by men, the female voice uses a false voice, and the male voice uses a real voice, and when the male and female voices are connected, there is often a difference of five degrees, forming a close relationship transposition. The gong and drum are composed of a gong, a drum, a cymbal, and a horse gong. The Gong and Drum Sutra is relatively simple.

Greeting the Bird Festival. The ancient Gelao village suffered a huge flood disaster, seeing that the whole village would be destroyed, a Gelao ancestors put the newborn baby in a gourd, the gourd was washed away by the flood, drifting, drifting, the waves rose and fell, the baby couldn't stop crying in the gourd, a divine eagle hovered in the air, found the gourd, quickly picked it up, flew, flew, flew to the foot of the Buddha Ding Mountain...... The infant was saved, grew up, took a wife, had children, and had offspring. The story of being rescued by the gourd and the eagle has been passed down from generation to generation, so the "gourd eagle" has become the totem of the Gelao people.

Every year on the first day of the second lunar month, every household of the Gelao family has to beat glutinous rice cakes, kill chickens and sheep, and hold collective sacrifices to commemorate the gourd eagle that saved the ancestors of the Gelao. After the sacrifice, traditional programs such as the dragon dance and the opera are also performed. The Bird Festival not only has a unique national and regional character, but also contains the cultural concepts of totem worship, nature worship, and Buddhism, Taoism and other religions. Therefore, the Gelao Bird Festival was listed as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Guizhou Province.

Puppet show. Shiqian puppet show, commonly known as "wooden fighting play" and "wooden brainshell play", originated in the Tang Dynasty and is a gorgeous wonder. During the Qing Dynasty, there were famous "Taihong Class", "Taiping Class", "Xinglong Class", "Tianfu Class", "Yang Benjia Class" and so on. In the sixties and seventies of the last century, it was on the verge of extinction, and with the reform and opening up, the Shiqian puppet show was rescued and protected in time.

Shiqian puppet show has strong local cultural characteristics, profoundly reflects the psychological and cultural characteristics of the local people, through the inheritance, development and innovation of the past dynasties, in the props, performance methods, repertoire, singing and other art forms are relatively mature, is a relatively complete development of folk drama varieties, with a heavy folk cultural heritage and high research value. At present, Shiqian puppet show is listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

Shiqian lanterns. The lantern is a form of folk art that has been inherited for a long time and is widely popular in the folk customs of Shiqian "Lantern Festival", which has lasted for two hundred years. It integrates lanterns, singing, music, and dancing, giving people good wishes and beautiful enjoyment. According to statistics, there are nearly 300 lantern classes (lantern festivals) in Shiqian, and most of the performers are ugly once, and the props are flower fans and hand towels; the musical accompaniment is mainly percussion instruments, with erhu, flute, and yueqin; singing in four flat tones, picking tea tunes, and having simple sessions and confessions. The lantern performance venue is not restricted, and the countryside goes to the countryside to play with the lanterns during the first month, and performs from door to door, and there is a saying that "the village is not lost".

Grass gongs and drums. 薅, with the hand dial (grass) meaning. It is an art that developed from the practice of sacrifice.

The first step in the grass gong and drum is to sacrifice the seedlings, why do you want to sacrifice the seedlings? According to legend, the third prince of the Dragon King delayed the rain when he received a task to rain. When the Jade Emperor learned about it, he relegated him to the world, which is now Shiqian County. The prince was indignant, so he went into a rage and wantonly destroyed the local seedlings. The local Yang God and the Land God couldn't compete with him because of their lack of mana, so they could only let him act recklessly. It wasn't until later that the four Tang monks and apprentices passed by here to learn scriptures from the west, and the Yang God reported the matter to them in time, and the third prince of the Dragon King was subdued. In order to thank the Yang God, the Gelao people have left the habit of sacrificing to the Yang God since then.

The worship of the Gelao people to the god of seedlings is generally held around the Dragon Boat Festival, because at this time the seedlings have already spit out new leaves. The host first chooses a good field in front of the house and behind the house, and then invites the singer (usually two, one beats the gong and the other plays the drum) and some relatives and friends to come to the edge of the field early the next morning, put on the offerings such as glutinous rice dumplings, zongzi, glutinous rice balls, wine, etc., insert straw labels, hold clear paper in hand and recite a prayer, most of which is to bless the wind and rain and the harvest of the five grains, and finally light incense, paper and firecrackers.

After the sacrifice is over, the singer will tell the people to roll up their sleeves and trousers, say the opening remarks of the previous paragraph, explain the work tasks of the day, and then give an order, the singer beats the gong and drum, shouts the trumpet, and everyone goes down to the field to weed.

The Gong and Drum Corps is usually composed of six people, and the trumpet is divided into three songs, namely the morning trumpet, the noon trumpet, and the release trumpet. The gongs and drums of the grass have played a role in supervising labor, improving work efficiency and strengthening labor intensity, making the heavy and boring farm work into an interesting entertainment activity, and also embodying the love of labor and optimistic life attitude of the Gelao people.

Bamboo balls. The bamboo ball of the Gelao people, also called the flower ball, is made of bamboo strips, the craftsmanship is exquisite, the shape is beautiful, there are three kinds of large, medium and small, and there are copper coins or stones inside. Young people play football everywhere for fitness, small bamboo balls for children to play, wear on the chest as jewelry, the Gelao people like to play bamboo balls, which is related to the history and culture of the tribe.

Legend has it that during the Western Jin Dynasty, when a woman was washing clothes by the river, there were three large bamboos flowing to her, she pushed them away several times with her hands, but each time they came back, the woman was amazed, so she picked it up, but heard the baby's cry, she hurriedly took the bamboo to the house and cut it open, and a baby boy popped out, and took "bamboo" as the surname. When the boy grew up, with his literary talent and martial arts, he became the "Bamboo King" of Yelang and won the love of the Chinese people. For thousands of years, people generally worshipped Yelang "Bamboo King". In order to commemorate the "Bamboo King", many things of the Gelao people are made of bamboo, and bamboo balls are just one of them.

Say spring. "Saying Spring" is a comprehensive folk activity that has been passed down from generation to generation by the Dong people of Shiqian and Dong Nationality, which is mainly active before and after the "Beginning of Spring" and began in the Tang Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, at the beginning of spring every year, they all assembled a team, tied "Mangshen, paper cow", "welcomed spring in the eastern suburbs", played horses and paraded streets, feasted in large rows, "whipped spring ceremony", and then went to the south of the city to "persuade the agricultural pavilion", Shiqian prefect wanted to "persuade farmers to plough", and took the lead in plowing the fields.

"Saying Spring" is divided into "Saying Spring" and "Saying Wild Spring", and the form is more flexible and informal. Due to the difference in the level of "spring officials", no matter from the perspective of spring words or singing, they are all benevolent and wise. The content of "Spring Words" is rich and diverse, and the main paragraphs are: "Opening the Door of Wealth", "Ode to the Master", "Saying Tea", "Saying Baba", "Saying Seeing Zi Dazi" (Seeing the Sample, Now Editing and Saying) and so on. "Say spring" is actually sung, there is a simple tune, spring words are more exquisite, singing and reading also pay attention to "the word is correct and round", so that people sound a kind of beautiful enjoyment. "Saying Spring" has now been listed as a provincial intangible cultural heritage.

Shiqian tea lamp. The tea lamp is a unique form of opera expression that has been passed down in Shiqian, and has an inseparable relationship with the long history of Shiqian tea culture. As far back as the Tang and Song dynasties, Shiqian had a history of planting tea to make tea, and was selected by the imperial court, known as the hometown of tribute tea. In the Ming Dynasty, tea planting, tea making, and tea drinking have been popularized in the county. According to legend, after Shiqian tea was used by the imperial court, the folk tea artists in order to launch more tribute tea, want to vigorously develop tea production in the county, and celebrate, the folk Yang artists will pick tea, tea making interpretation as a form of folk art performance, thus, "Shiqian tea lamp" came into being. During the period from Qianlong to Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, it was the heyday of "Shiqian Tea Light".

The so-called tea lantern is led by 12 village children to dress up as women, 12 sisters to pick tea, and a "tea woman" as their mother, leading them to pick tea on the mountain, and another 40 or 50 people to make up for the rush trade. Between talking and laughing, they joked about the twelve sisters, and the tea woman often scolded them angrily. Each holds one lamp or several lamps. Tea picking singing, graceful and tactful.

In recent years, through the rescue and protection of intangible cultural heritage, Shiqian tea lamps have been inherited. It embodies the research value of traditional tea culture, folk opera, national costumes and other aspects.

The tour guide Huang Guirong finished talking about the folk culture of Shiqian and saw that it was getting late. Then he said: "Mr. Wu, let's end here today!"

Vice President Jiang and tour guide Huang Guirong took Mr. Wu and his entourage to dinner, agreed on the next day's itinerary, and then took their leave.

After a simple wash at the hotel, Mr. Wu called Tian Limai to the room and said, "Director Tian, you go and inform Mr. Wang, Mr. Jiang and the others, and we will go shopping on Shiqian Street." ”

Tian Limai promised to immediately call Mr. Wang, Mr. Jiang, Zhang Qingwen, Zhu Liwen, Jin Yu and Master Qiu, and then the group accompanied Mr. Wu to the streets of the county seat. Walking along the street of Shiqian for a while, Jiang Wenwen said: "Mr. Wu, let's go find a place to drink tea? It is said that Shiqian's moss tea is very famous!"

"Okay, let's go taste Shiqian's moss tea!" Mr. Wu said.

The group then found a teahouse and walked in, and the owner warmly welcomed them in.

Tian Limai said: "Boss, let's drink moss tea!"

The boss looked at Tian Limai and his entourage, and said, "Listen to the accent, aren't you locals?"

"Yes, we're from Hubei. Tian Limai agreed.

Sitting down in a tea room, the boss said: "Distinguished guests come to our Shiqian to taste our Shiqian moss tea, that's right, our Shiqian moss tea is very famous." ”

After making a cup of moss tea for everyone, the boss said: "Distinguished guests, you are from other places, I will briefly introduce you to Shiqian moss tea." Shiqian is the ancient 'hometown of tribute tea', and tea production has a history of thousands of years. In the baptism of the long years, Shiqian people have gradually accumulated rich experience in tea production, forming a unique product style of 'Shiqian moss tea'.

"The color of Shiqian moss tea is green and smooth, the soup color is yellow and green, the fragrance is fragrant, the taste is fresh and mellow, and it has the effects of clearing the mind and eyes, quenching thirst and reducing inflammation, flat food and stomach, diuresis and so on.

"Shiqian moss tea has a long history, well-known at home and abroad, is one of the three famous teas in Guizhou, and has won many awards such as the gold medal of the Shanghai 'Food Expo' and the gold medal of the World Green Tea Competition. In 2009, 'Shiqian Moss Tea' was awarded the title of 'National Geographical Indication Product Protection', and in the same year, Shiqian County was awarded the honorary title of 'Hometown of Chinese Moss Tea' by China Tea Circulation Association. ”

After listening to the boss's introduction, Mr. Wu took a sip and said, "This seems to be a kind of green tea!"

Tian Limai also took a sip, felt the fragrance was strong, and said: "The fragrance is very strong, but this is the evening, so you shouldn't drink more!"

The group drank tea for a while, and Mr. Wu asked the boss: "Boss, in addition to moss tea, what other specialties does Shiqian have?"

The boss said with a smile: "Shiqian still has some special products, as far as the water we make tea is concerned, it is natural mineral water." ”

The boss said that Shiqian natural mineral water resources are abundant, diverse, excellent water quality, and meet the water quality requirements of two types of mineral water, and is an important production area of natural mineral water for drinking and medical treatment in China. "Quandu brand" mineral water is very popular. In 2009, Shiqian was awarded the honorary title of "Hometown of Mineral Water in China" by China Mining Association.

Shiqian hot mineral water has been developed and utilized since the official beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and has a history of more than 400 years. The number of natural dew points of hot mineral water is rare in the country, and there are natural mineral water dew points in nine towns and towns in the county, a total of 20 places and 36 points, and the total flow reaches more than 20,000 tons per day. The mineral water is colorless, odourless, clear and transparent, with a moderate temperature (mostly between 22 and 55 degrees Celsius) and a pure taste. Lithium, strontium, zinc, selenium, radon, metasilicic acid, etc. are indispensable beneficial elements for the human body, and have good medical and health care effects. The content of selenium and strontium in hot mineral water is moderate, which has the effects of preventing cancer, inhibiting tumor growth, enhancing eyesight and body immunity, preventing and treating coronary heart disease and hypertension.

In particular, strontium, which is closely related to the formation of human bones, is a normal part of human bones, and is also related to the functional structure of cardiovascular disease, which can reduce the mortality rate of cardiovascular patients. Metasilicic acid has the effect of promoting human development and growth, treating gastrointestinal diseases, strengthening bones, preventing arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, etc., and can prolong life.

When a leader of a ministry of the state came to Shiqian "Quandu" mineral water company to inspect, he had improvised an inscription to praise: "The quality of water comes from nature, prolongs life, and can be called a must."

(To be continued.) )