After introducing the mineral water, the boss introduced several other special products of Shiqian. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Stone straw bench. In the early days, due to the remote residence and traffic blockage, the Gelao compatriots who lived in the area of Fodingshan Nature Reserve in Shiqian County survived here, in addition to green food, it was the herbs and yellow straw that nature gave them in the mountains. Residents sleep on straw and sit on straw benches. Being able to live happily in such a harsh environment stems from the fact that herbs and straw give them a healthy body. However, when they are sick, many of them do not want to take the medicine directly, but want to inhale the medicine indirectly into the body through some method; At first, the herbs were boiled into a liquid of medicine, soaked in straw, and the straw was woven into a stool. People absorb drugs by sitting on straw benches, so as to achieve the purpose of "curing diseases and preventing diseases". Because the soaking straw bench does not last long. After their many practices, the wild chrysanthemum, Houttuynia cordata, double flower, Gongying, white peony, fragrant aconite, large blood vine, fish essence grass, motherwort, plantain, saponin, Shou Wu and other traditional Chinese medicines are wrapped into a solid cylinder with dried straw, and then tied with bamboo strips, the straw bench is durable, and has obvious curative and disease prevention effects, especially for some gynecological diseases.

Stone, wood carving: Shiqian stone, wood carving history is long, there are skilled craftsmen everywhere in the folk, its works are varied, Shiqian's stone, wood carving art is a must today, in 2009 Guizhou Provincial Institute of Arts and Crafts awarded the title of "Guizhou Provincial Institute of Arts and Crafts Research and Development Experimental Base".

The raw material used in Shiqian stone carving art is the unique "purple robe jade belt stone" in the Fanjing Mountain area. The main raw material of wood carving is the precious and rare gloomy wood known as "even if there is a box of jewelry, it is not as good as the ebony side" since ancient times. "Purple robe jade belt stone" is rich in color, lustrous and moist, delicate in texture, moderate in soft and hard, and extremely adjustable. The works carved with "purple robe jade belt stone" are colorful, exquisite, crystal clear, and have a unique artistic effect; The gloomy wood is buried deep for a long time, rich in water, and the processed surface is very moist and bright after drying, and the feel is excellent.

They are characterized by vigorous and magnificent, delicate and exquisite, realistic image, the tone is realistic and freehand, and the techniques include round carving, openwork, relief carving and line carving; The process is divided into phase stone, billet, rough carving, fine carving, sealing wax, polishing, etc. Its representative works include more than 20 varieties such as Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Nine Dragons Protecting China, National Color Tianxiang, Dragon and Phoenix Chengxiang, Golden Dragon Protecting Pearls, Pine Eagle Dedication, Two Dragons Grabbing Treasures, Treading Snow and Seeking Plums, and Nine Dragons Cup.

Batik calligraphy. Batik is an ancient folk craft in Guizhou, and calligraphy is a treasure of the Chinese land. The perfect combination of calligraphy and batik, which not only contains elegant and unique calligraphy art, but also does not lose the batik characteristics of folk crafts, has great appreciation value and collection value, and is the original creation of Shiqian people, creating another new world of calligraphy art.

After the boss introduced several special products, the first tea of the group was not bad. At this time, the boss came up and added a second stream of water. The boss said: "One tea, two products, three fragrant, four or five faint flavors!" ”

Mr. Wu saw that the boss was very talkative, so he asked, "Boss, what are the ethnic minorities in Shiqian?" ”

The boss said: "Shiqian is inhabited by 13 ethnic minorities such as Dong, Gelao and Miao, and in the long-term production and life, simple and pure folk customs have been formed. For example, the Dong village by the mountains and rivers, the "railing" style residential buildings of the Gelao people, the children of the Miao family choose companions for songs, the peculiar funeral customs of the Gelao people, as well as national costumes, food, songs and dances, etc., all reflect a natural and simple national customs. There are also Mao Long lanterns, tea lanterns, puppet shows, Wutang plays, etc., which are full of rich life and production interest. ”

Then, the boss introduced a few minorities such as the Gelao clan.

Gelao people. The Gelao people are the oldest ethnic group in Guizhou, and they are the ethnic groups that have established the ancient Yelang country. The origin of the Gelao people has roughly gone through three historical development periods, namely: Pu people, bureaucrats, and Gelao people. Due to historical reasons, a situation has been formed in which the Gelao people are scattered and live in small groups.

In the long-term social process, the Gelao people gradually formed a number of branches, as far as the literature records, there are red guys, green guys, flower guys, contempt guys, tooth guys, iron guys and so on. The Gelao people have their own language, which belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. However, due to the long-term integration with neighboring ethnic groups, the language gradually changed, mainly using Chinese, and being fluent in the languages of neighboring ethnic groups.

Some of the ancient languages of the Gelao people are preserved in the name of the villages of Shiqian Mountains and Rivers today, and the ancient names of the Gelao people, self-proclaimed and other names abound.

Shiqian retains a wealth of Gelao folk customs. Such as: the custom of entertainment and mourning by beating drums and singing; The custom of repaying vows at the end of the year; New Year's Tyranny, mung bean flour and other customs; to provide rice and steamed rice to measure drought and flood and some special taboos; In the "beginning of spring" season, it is customary to say spring, send the God of Wealth, and "hit the land of Liangshan"; the custom of playing with lights during the Spring Festival; the customs of festival sacrifices such as paying respects to birds, thanking the soil, and eating new; the custom of worshiping stone cliffs, caves, and "Laizi Stone"; the custom of beating grass gongs and drums to worship the "seedling land god"; the custom of singing folk songs and mountain songs; the custom of crying and marrying and welcoming early relatives; Sending melons, sending treasures, sending "Bodhisattvas" and other customs; Do "toast rice wine" and send the custom of wearing and backing; The construction of the house is said to be the custom of the beam and the door of the house

The forms of houses of the ancestors of the Gelao nationality mainly include "dry bar", "thousand-foot shed", "collapsed house" and so on. Now most of the people of the Shiqian Gelao people live in wooden frame houses with buckets and green tiles. In the middle of the main house is a hall with "incense" (shrines) to worship the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth, and on either side are bedrooms and kitchens. There is a fire pit in the front room of the bedroom, the fire pit is burned all year round, and the wooden fence above is used to hang bacon and chili peppers, etc., and the bacon smoked out has a unique flavor. It is also a daily dining place for the family. At the end of each day's work, the whole family, men, women and children, sit around to rest or chat. Relatives and friends also received and talked around the fire. In front of the house is a courtyard dam, which is used to dry grain, clothing, etc. There are wing houses on the left and right sides of the courtyard dam, which are generally two-story residential buildings, and the ground floor is used for storing agricultural tools and raising livestock. Upstairs are granaries and housing.

The Gelao people are good at weaving, embroidery, and batik, and are known as "Green Guys", "Red Guys", "Flower Guys", "Shawl Guys" and so on because of their different colors and styles of clothing.

The traditional costumes of the Gelao people are very distinctive, men wear open collarless robes, long sleeves, 7 to 9 cloth buttons, up to 11 buttons, and a few collarless clothes are commonly known as broken belly clothes. Gelao women wear long-sleeved clothes with short waist-length blouses, and the neckline, cuffs and edges of the garments are embroidered with patterns or lace with strips of floral cloth. The whole skirt is divided into three sections, the middle section is woven with wool and dyed red, and the upper and lower sections are mostly woven with linen, generally with blue and white stripes. Likes to wear embroidered hook pointy shoes. It is covered with a sleeveless blue robe, which is decorated with two or three strings of beads hanging from the neck, and various silver and copper ornaments are inserted on the head.

The Gelao people are good at wood carving and stone carving. Wood carving is mainly used in construction and living utensils. Such as doors and windows, railings, beams and columns, opera masks, wardrobes, tables and chairs, and couplet plaques. Stone carvings are mostly used in stone monuments, bridges, archways, stone tombs, etc., among which the stone tomb carving is the most exquisite. It is engraved with figures, dragons and phoenixes, lions and tigers, bats, unicorns, flowers and plants, birds, fish and insects, as well as mythological stories and legends. Its shape is vivid, realistic and realistic, and the poetry couplet pen is fine.

Gelao women are good at embroidery. In the old days, when a woman got married, she had to prepare a set of clothes embroidered by herself, pillows, curtains, bed surrounds and other supplies. The traditional techniques commonly used in embroidery include frame embroidery, pick embroidery, shuttle embroidery, and tour embroidery. Gelao women should embroider patterns on the uppers of shoes, waistbands, handkerchiefs, belts, clothes, trousers, pillows, curtains, purses, and purses to decorate and decorate.

According to the literature, the textile raw materials of the ancient Gelao people include wild plants such as kudzu and 楫, as well as cultivated hemp, bamboo, orchid indigo, as well as wool and silk. Textile tools include spinning wheels and looms. In the Ming Dynasty, the women of the Gelao tribe had mastered the blending technology of weaving silk and linen and cotton threads together in different proportions. The development of the textile industry has also led to the advancement of dyeing technology. At that time, he had mastered the method of using different fabrics such as cotton, silk, linen, wool and dozens of preparation methods for dyeing water. In addition, they have mastered the skills of how to determine the amount of dyed cloth according to the color of the dyed water. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shiqian County built a national silk weaving factory, a printing and dyeing factory, a large cloth factory, a bamboo society and so on.

The funeral rites of the Gelao people are complicated, and there are generally ceremonies such as purifying the body of the deceased, changing clothes, decorating the burial, opening the road, circumambulating the coffin, choosing the place, and burial.

Since ancient times, the burial style of the Gelao people and their ancestors: cliff cave burial, rock cave burial, sarcophagus burial, large soil bag tomb, etc., are distributed in all parts of the county, commonly known as: wife (Pu) tomb, Laizi tomb, Shengji tomb, Wugong tomb.

The method of burial also varies. Many stone slab tombs do not follow the mountain, but the foot climbs the mountain, the head rests empty, and the general burial is the opposite, so the folk have the saying of "horizontal seedlings and downside guys". There is even a vertical burial method with the sky on top of the head and the feet on the ground. Whether it is buried vertically or upside down, it means to let the soul of the deceased ascend to heaven or ascend to heaven from the top of a mountain.

The Gelao people eat rice and corn as their staple food. Every festival sacrifice, or red and white ceremonies, a bowl of corn must be boiled and served on the table, indicating the commemoration of the ancestors' "clearing the wasteland and opening up the grass". Sorghum, millet, wheat, red vetch, baogu, buckwheat and other rice wine are commonly used to make rice wine. Commonly known as "old fire rice wine", it is available in all seasons. Sometimes, these agricultural products are also made into poop and noodles to supplement life. Most of the Gelao people like to mix greens, peppers, garlic and ginger to make sauerkraut and pickles. I also like to eat chili peppers and glutinous food, which are planted in every household, and when the grain is ripe, I get a little bit in advance to eat new, and give it to the dog first, which is called "Eating Salary Festival". There are many ways to eat chili peppers, such as chili paste, moldy tofu, bean chili, etc. The glutinous rice glutinous rice can be fried, roasted, boiled and eaten, and each has a different flavor due to different production methods.

There are certain procedures for the marriage of the Gelao people. Even if the woman is satisfied, in order to show that the daughter is noble, she generally does not agree, and the matchmaker has to run two or three times, and bring chicken, wine and other meeting gifts, such as gifts received by the woman, it means that the marriage has been concluded. On the day of the girl's wedding, the woman's family held a banquet and put out the dowry during the day for others to watch. In the evening, the bride sings a wedding song and says goodbye to her loved ones one by one. When greeting relatives, the sedan chair is led by the matchmaker, and a person of high moral virtue is selected as Mr. Rite to form a welcoming team. The greeting team set off at dawn, and along the way, suona, gongs and drums played the tune of greeting the proximity. Before the bride gets into the sedan chair, the women of Fushou Shuangquan help to open her face, dress up, put on a big red wide-sleeved robe and wedding dress, and match the "back mirror". The mother's family carried the sedan chair out of the village before handing it over to the man's sedan chair man. The sedan chair is hung in front of the copper realm, surrounded by colorful flags and blue umbrellas, on the way to sound the horn and set off the cannon, blowing and blowing, very lively. After visiting the groom's house, the bride should redress her makeup, and then go to a spacious place in the village for everyone to admire and laugh, so as to establish a friendly relationship with the villagers.

Most of the traditional festivals of the Gelao people are the same as those of the Han people. But there are also their own special national festivals, such as the Bird Festival, the New Eating Festival, the Tree Worship Festival, etc. Among these festivals, the most distinctive of the Gelao people are the "Bird Festival" and the "Maolong Festival".

"Bird Festival" is a sacrificial activity for the people of the Shanggelao people of Shiqian Yao to sacrifice the eagle and the twelve colorful phoenixes, pray for a bumper harvest of grains, prosperous family business, and the development of descendants, which is held every year on the first day of the second month of the ancient calendar. The towering gourd eagle frame on the dam next to the Yaoshang ancestral hall is the local totem. "Sparrow" is the general name of the Gelao people for birds. On the day of the "Bird Festival", the people in the village send the glutinous rice to the branches on the mountain to wait for the birds to eat, hoping that they will not harm the seedlings in the field, and do not steal the grain, red weed, and millet, so as to ensure the spring planting and autumn harvest, and the five grains will be abundant. The sacrifice is carried out by the Gelao people wearing legal robes, chanting words in the sound of gongs and drums, and the process is solemn. After the end of the sacrifice, the performance of the local characteristics of the Wutang opera, puppet show, Mao Long, tea light, copper horn suona and the Gelao folk songs, folk songs, love song duet, burning bonfire, etc., among them, the widely spread Gelao folk songs are more colorful, extremely charming, such as "Sister Sister Goes Down to the River to Wash Clothes" has been sung in the land of China.

The "Gelao Maolong Festival" is a manifestation of the folk beliefs handed down from generation to generation by the Gelao people in Shiqian, which is mainly active during the Lantern Festival. Maolong originated from the "Bamboo King" worship of the ancient Gelao people. In 2006, Shiqian was listed as one of the first national intangible cultural heritage protection projects.

Dong. The ancestors of the Dong nationality are a branch of the ancient Yue people, the Tang Dynasty settled from the Lingnan into the border of Guizhou, Hunan and Guizhou, and the Dong nationality in Shiqian has 48 surnames such as Yang, Feng, Luo, Zhang, Wang, Liang, Rao, Yao, etc. Among them, the surname Yang is the most, and the surname Yang respects Yang Zaisi, the assassin of Liangcheng five generations later, as the ancestor.

Dong women wear cyan pleated skirts, long trousers with lace, girdles around the waist, ribbons, and curly-nosed cloud hook shoes. The tops are divided into seasons, generally in winter and spring, wearing a collarless shirt on the right side, lining the chest, holding a bun on the head, and inserting a silver comb or wooden comb. Men wear a collarless short shirt on the right side, long trouser legs, a belt, a large green cloth head, and later changed, women wear long clothes without a collar on the right side, five cloth buttons, trousers on the waist, like to wrap a white handkerchief or silk handkerchief, tie an embroidered waistband, men's tops are five to seven buttons for cardigans, and the elderly wear long clothes without a collar on the right side.

(To be continued.) )