Dong people like to drink oil tea, first boil the glutinous rice and dry it into yin rice for later use, every New Year's festival or VIP to the home, that is, the tea leaves are fried and browned, add sesame oil and salt to boil, mixed with yin rice to boil, and eat together with the tea leaves. During www.biquge.info Spring Festival, the baba is kneaded into small pieces and boiled with oil tea, which is fragrant and delicious. In the Qingming season, go uphill to pick cabbage and Qingming vegetables, cook and cut finely, serve chestnuts, peanuts and pork, and steam them with rice, which is called "Eight Treasure Rice" or "Qingming Rice".

The Dong people like to live by the mountains and rivers, and the warped corner buildings they build are unique. The corner building is erected on both sides of the main house, generally 2 to 3 floors, and people can avoid the tide when they live upstairs. "Looking at the bend from afar, the short-sighted floor is facing out, and the two bends are symbolizing two scimitars to drive away the plague and drive away the evil." Another meaning is the commemoration passed down from the ancestors to the use of scimitars against foreign insults. The Dong Fengyu Bridge is a promenade-style wooden plank bridge built on the ditch stream in front of the village, which is one of the main symbols of the Dong nationality. In addition, there are water signs, field signs, road signs, home signs, fish standards, village signs and special signs.

After the Dong people settled in Shiqian, they fell in love with young people at first, and they were relatively free to marry. During the slack time, young men and women sit around the "fire hall" at night, the women sing, and the men play the leaves or bamboo flutes to accompaniment, which is called "the singing seat sits on the moon". After mutual exchanges, if the man and woman are in love, they can agree to get married. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, due to the mixed living of many ethnic groups, especially under the influence of Han culture, the marriage of the Dong family was gradually carried out in accordance with the "order of the parents" and the "appointment of the matchmaker". The marriage customs of the Dong people adopt etiquette such as "fixing the root of people's money and writing books", making book lists, asking for Geng, and welcoming relatives.

After the death of the Dong people, they must ask Mr. Yin and Yang to choose an auspicious place for burial, and carry them up the mountain when they choose an auspicious time. Wealthy families or famous families are prepared to sacrifice the souls of the deceased.

During the period of suspension of the deceased, the younger members of the immediate family are not allowed to rest in bed, smoke, drink or eat in front of the coffin, and abstain from eating meat and fish. Funeral utensils that have been painted with iron and tung utensils, can not write red couplets within three years, do not wrap zongzi, do not hatch chicks, called three years of mourning.

Every winter, it is necessary to kill cattle to sacrifice ancestors and sacrifice to the "King of Lake Ears and Green Grass"; sacrifice to Feishan Temple to commemorate Yang Zaisi, the leader of the Ten Dong Dynasty; during the Spring Festival, in order to celebrate the Lantern Festival, carry out "Mao Long Dance" entertainment, play with tea lights, etc.

Hmong. The ancestors of the Shiqian Miao people are Wulingman and Wuximan. The Eastern Han Dynasty and horses aided the invasion of Wuxi, forcing the Miao people to move westward and disperse along the Qingshui River and Miao Mountains deep into the hinterland of Guizhou. The Miao people in the high mountains and marginal mountainous areas still retain the habits of the past, wearing straw sandals and leggings all year round, speaking Miao and singing mountain songs. The Miao people, who live in towns and transportation arteries, gradually adopt Han habits in order to avoid discrimination.

The Miao women in Shiqian mostly wear clothes with railing lines and embroidered sleeves. Tie the flower around the waist, the chest collar buckle likes silver, the head wraps a neatly folded large circle of green cloth, inserts silver flower hanging headdress, wears long silver earrings in the ear, and wears a silver ring in the hand. The apron of the Miao people is similar to a pleated skirt, and the skirt is embroidered with phoenixes, birds and flowers, and most of them like to wear cyan clothing.

The Miao people in the county like to drink wine and eat meat, in addition to poultry and livestock, they like birds and animals, and they also like to eat sour things and pickled products. They will not be able to eat the fish, meat, melons and vegetables with spices and salted and sealed, after a year to take out and stir-fry, unique flavor.

The mountains are high and the forests are stacked on top of each other, such as Gaowang, Jufeng, Pingshan, Ganxi, Wude, Shigu, Qingyang and other remote townships, which are the main settlements of the Miao people in the county.

The marriage of the Miao people has always been relatively free, and most of them are based on their own ethnic group and monogamy. When the bride gets married, she does not sit in a sedan chair or cry to marry, but gathers relatives and friends, and young men and women from the neighboring village sing all night. When getting married, the bride has to hold an umbrella and go to her in-law's house by herself.

The most solemn festival of the Miao people is "April 8", one is to commemorate the death of the Miao hero Yanu on April 8, the second is to commemorate the birthday of the Ox King Bodhisattva, and the third is to commemorate the birth of Shakyamuni Buddha. June 6 is a festival to commemorate the six ancestors of the Miao people, and all the clothes and quilts are dried, commonly known as "June 6 drying clothes".

After the boss introduced several ethnic minorities in Shiqian, it was not too early, and Mr. Wu asked Tian Limai to buy a small bag of moss tea for each person.

The group came out of the teahouse, went to the market again, and then returned to the hotel.

After returning to the hotel, I went to the hot springs again.

The next morning, Vice President Jiang and tour guide Huang Guirong came to the hotel at the agreed time, and the tour guide Huang Guiluo said: "Mr. Wu, my trip today is mainly to see two ethnic villages. Before that, we went to Tangshan Town to have a car tour. ”

Hearing that it was Chelan, Tian Limai said with a smile: "Xiao Huang, the word Chelan is jargon, right!?"

The tour guide Huang Guirong smiled, did not answer Tian Limai's words, but turned to Vice President Jiang and said, "President Jiang, please leave the explanation of Tangshan Town on Mr. Wu's car!"

Vice President Jiang is still Mr. Wu's car, and the tour guide Huang Guirong sits in Tian Limai's car.

Getting on the bus and moving forward, the tour guide Huang Guirong explained: "Tangshan Town is the seat of Shiqian County, is the political, economic and cultural center of Shiqian, with a long history and simple folk customs, and was listed as the first batch of historical and cultural cities in Guizhou Province in 1992.

"The historical and cultural district of Tangshan Town is composed of Bayi Road, Fucheng Old Street, and Shiban Street. There are Yuecheng Road and Changzheng Road in the east and west of Bayi Road, and there are cultural relics and scenic spots such as Wanshou Palace, Fuwen Temple, Dongyue Temple, and Chenghuang Temple on Yuecheng Road; there are Catholic churches on Changzheng Road, and it is also the regiment headquarters of the Red Army during the Long March, and it is connected with Wanshou Palace, the ancient laneway of the county seat, and the Chenghuang Temple, which are protected by national cultural relics protection; Fucheng Old Street is connected by four straight streets, namely Xingshi Street, Xinmin Street, Democracy Street and Pingqiao Street, with a total length of nearly two kilometers, and the street is eight meters wide, and there are Qiling Bridge built in the Ming Dynasty and the ancient streets formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Cultural tourist attractions such as the ancient alleys and alleys and the ancient hot springs in the south of the city, and the stone street with the antique city wall stands near the river, adjacent to the old street of Fucheng, highlighting the charm of the ancient city of Shiqian. The north end of Fucheng Old Street and Shiban Street connects the Qiling Ancient Bridge, and the south end connects the ancient hot springs in the south of the city, which is the crystallization of the wisdom of these well-preserved working people of the past dynasties, adding endless style to the charm of Shiqian. ”

The car passed through the street, and soon the "car view" was completed. After that, I drove directly to the Yaoshang Lao Cultural Village.

When I arrived at the Gelao Village, the tour guide led Mr. Wu and his entourage to visit and began to explain:

Yaoshang Lao Cultural Village is the main scenic spot of Foding Mountain Scenic Area, located at the foot of the magical and beautiful Foding Mountain, south of Zhenyuan Wuyang River, west of Zunyi Dawu River, is a beautiful village surrounded by mountains and rivers, bamboo forests. The whole village covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers, now inhabited by 50 families of the Gelao people, there is the name of the first village of the Gelao people, the Gelao people are hospitable and can sing and dance the nation, enter the Gelao Village, the whole village has a strong national atmosphere.

"Mr. Wu, ladies and gentlemen, now we are in the parking lot, and we will take this place as the starting point of today's trip to Yaoshang. First of all, I will take you to visit the Monument to the Revolutionary Martyrs and Heroes here. Our Shiqian not only has beautiful natural scenery and unique hot spring resources, but also an old revolutionary area, the Red Army passed through Shiqian twice during the Long March, and sowed the fire of revolution here. On October 7, 1934, when a certain corps of the Red Army passed through Ganxi in Shiqian on its way to the west, the advance guard troops of the corps were surrounded and intercepted by the troops of 24 regiments of the enemy army in Hunan, Guizhou and Guizhou provinces. Because the Red Army has been fighting in the mountains and mountains for a long time, the natural conditions are very difficult and harsh, coupled with the invasion of disease and hunger, and it is a hasty response, in the area of Yaoshang, more than 40 Red Army commanders and fighters were sacrificed, and the heroes and martyrs are buried here.

The guide continued to explain as he walked.

"Please follow the direction of my finger, do the peaks on the opposite side look like the backs of slightly raised fish? Because the shape resembles two carps, it is named 'Male and Female Carp Ridge', with the 'Male Fish Ridge' in front, about 40 meters long and about 20 meters high. The 'Female Fish Ridge' is behind, slightly short, and the heads of the two 'fish' are close to two chestnut trees of different sizes, which are connected from end to end, as if they are inseparable. The front is the ancestral hall of the Deng family, the left is the ecological pond, according to the legend, it is two carp that flew out of the Yangtze River and wanted to seek enlightenment, when they flew to the sky above Yao, they felt thirsty, and when they saw a fish pond on the ground, they wanted to come down and drink some water and then continue to move forward, but the fish pond was too small, and even one fish could not accommodate it, how could it accommodate two fish?

"Mr. Wu, now that we have come to the courtyard where the Gelao Village is holding activities, the first thing that catches our eyes is the gourd eagle, which is the totem of our Gelao people. Just as the Miao worship the cow and the Yi worship fire, we Yao Lao people have a special affection for the eagle and all the birds. For this reason, the ancestors of the Gelao people left their most important festival - the 'Bird Festival'. Every year on the first day of the second lunar month, every household has to make glutinous rice cakes, slaughter pigs, cows, sheep and horses and sacrifice to the eagles, praying for the prosperity of the family industry and the abundant harvest of grains. In addition, it is necessary to stage the unique art programs of the nation: dragon dance, puppet play, grass gong and drum, puppet show, etc.

"There is such a beautiful legend about the origin of the 'Bird Festival', a long, long time ago, the local Gelao people lived a very peaceful, Comfortable life, a sudden plague disturbed the peace of the whole village, when the whole village was facing the catastrophe, on the first day of the second month, a divine eagle took a fairy grass and put it on the table of the hall of a Lao's house, the people who were very sick felt strange, so they tried to eat a little, and immediately felt that the sick body was relaxed, so they distributed this fairy grass to all the patients in the village to eat, and the people who got sick were cured. Because the Condor sent them a panacea and saved the entire village in times of crisis, it has been passed down from generation to generation in order to commemorate the Condor who saved them in danger. Since then, the Gelao people have designated the beginning of February as the 'Bird Festival'. ”

The tour guide Huang Guirong took Mr. Wu and his party to the square at the gate of the village, and it was obvious that this square was built later.

The square covers an area of about 2,000 square meters, is a cement slate structure, and there is an ecological fish pond next to it, if you stay overnight, you can go to the ecological fish pond to experience the fun of fishing.

Walking further inside, the tour guide Huang Guirong introduced:

"Okay, now I'll take you to the village to have a look, we have said before, the Gelao people are a nation that can sing and dance, and it is also a hospitable nation, to come to the Gelao Nationality Village, to enter the cottage, drinking the roadblock wine, listening to the roadblock song is an indispensable thing. It's a way for our sons and daughters to welcome guests from afar. ”

When I walked to the entrance of the village, sure enough, a few girls and daughters-in-law came to offer barricade wine and sing barricade songs. Mr. Wu and the others drank the roadblock wine with a smile.

After drinking the barricade wine, the group walked towards the middle of the race. Tour guide Huang Guirong pointed to the characteristic house and introduced: "Everyone, please see, this is our ethnic village, the first thing that catches everyone's eyes is the bonfire venue, every time there is any major festival, the whole village will gather here, light a bonfire to hold a big party, and their national characteristics will be reflected in the bonfire party." The whole ethnic culture village from clothing to architecture, from catering to customs are obviously and completely retained the characteristics of the Gelao people, because Shiqian is a multi-ethnic mixed residence, in the long-term interaction and integration with the Han nationality, they retain their own national characteristics, and in the creation of their own characteristics, although some of them wear Han costumes, speak Chinese, but their national characteristics are integrated in their festivals and songs and dances. For example, the thrilling and magical Wutang opera, the witty and humorous puppet show, the laughter and laughter of the grass gongs and drums, the enthusiastic and unrestrained roadblock songs, the graceful and colorful dances, etc., vividly express the cheerful and pleasant life mood of our ethnic village. Among them, the Wutang opera of the Gelao people is an endangered protected opera in China, and the upper knife mountain and the lower sea of fire are very wonderful and the most exquisite, and we can enjoy it in the folk exhibition hall for a while. What kind of people are the Gelao people? Let me introduce it to you;

"The Gelao people are the oldest ethnic group in Guizhou, and they are the people who have established the ancient Yelang country. The origin of the Gelao people has roughly gone through three historical development periods, namely: Pu people, bureaucrats, and Gelao people. Due to historical reasons, a situation has been formed in which the Gelao people are scattered and live in small groups.

"In the long-term social process, the Gelao people gradually formed a number of branches, as far as the literature records, there are red guys, green guys, flower guys, contempt guys, tooth beaters, iron guys and so on. The Gelao people have their own language, which belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. However, due to the long-term integration with neighboring ethnic groups, the language gradually changed, mainly using Chinese, and being fluent in the languages of neighboring ethnic groups. (To be continued.) )