Although there are no ups and downs in the explanation of the tour guide Huang Guirong, it is slightly flat and straightforward, but the explanation is very clear. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

Tian Limai whispered to Jiang Wenwen: "Wenwen, what do you think of Xiao Huang's explanation?" ”

"Mai, don't interrupt, listen to the explanation!" Jiang Wenwen said.

Tour guide Huang Guirong continued to explain.

"Some of the ancient languages of the Gelao people are preserved in the name of today's Shiqian mountains and rivers villages, and the ancient names of the Gelao people, self-proclaimed and other places named after him abound."

Tour guide Huang Guirong paused and continued:

"We in Shiqian retain a wealth of Gelao folk customs. such as the entertainment and mourning customs of drumming and singing; The custom of repaying vows at the end of the year; New Year's Tyranny, mung bean flour and other customs; to provide rice and steamed rice to measure drought and flood and some special taboos; In the "beginning of spring" season, it is customary to say spring, send the God of Wealth, and "hit the land of Liangshan"; the custom of playing with lights during the Spring Festival; the customs of festival sacrifices such as paying respects to birds, thanking the soil, and eating new; the custom of worshiping stone cliffs, caves, and "Laizi Stone"; the custom of beating grass gongs and drums to worship the "seedling land god"; the custom of singing folk songs and mountain songs; the custom of crying and marrying and welcoming early relatives; Sending melons, sending treasures, sending "Bodhisattvas" and other customs; Do "toast rice wine" and send the custom of wearing and backing; The construction of the house is said to be the custom of the beam and the door of the house.

"The architectural characteristics of the houses of the Gelao nationality are obvious, and they also highlight the outstanding architectural characteristics of the ethnic minorities in the southwest. The main forms of houses are "dry bar", "thousand-foot shed", "collapsed house" and so on. Now most of the people of the Shiqian Gelao people live in wooden frame houses with buckets and green tiles. In the middle of the main house is a hall with "incense" (shrines) to worship the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth, and on either side are bedrooms and kitchens. There is a fire pit in the front room of the bedroom, the fire pit is burned all year round, and the wooden fence above is used to hang bacon and chili peppers, etc., and the bacon smoked out has a unique flavor. It is also a daily dining place for the family. At the end of each day's work, the whole family, men, women and children, sit around to rest or chat. Relatives and friends also received and talked around the fire. In front of the house is a courtyard dam, which is used to dry grain, clothing, etc. There are wing houses on the left and right sides of the courtyard dam, which are generally two-story residential buildings, and the ground floor is used for storing agricultural tools and raising livestock. Upstairs are granaries and housing.

"The traditional costume of the Gelao people is very distinctive, men wear open collarless long shirts, long sleeves, 7 to 9 cloth buttons, as many as 11, and a few collarless clothes are commonly known as broken belly clothes. Gelao women wear long-sleeved clothes with short waist-length blouses, and the neckline, cuffs and edges of the garments are embroidered with patterns or lace with strips of floral cloth. The whole skirt is divided into three sections, the middle section is woven with wool and dyed red, and the upper and lower sections are mostly woven with linen, generally with blue and white stripes. Likes to wear embroidered hook pointy shoes. It is covered with a sleeveless blue robe, which is decorated with two or three strings of beads hanging from the neck, and various silver and copper ornaments are inserted on the head.

"Gelao women are good at embroidery. In the old days, women had to prepare a set of wedding dresses embroidered by themselves, pillows, curtains, bed surrounds and other supplies when they got married. The traditional techniques commonly used in embroidery include frame embroidery, pick embroidery, shuttle embroidery, and tour embroidery. Gelao women should embroider patterns on the uppers of shoes, waistbands, handkerchiefs, belts, clothes, trouser edges, pillows, curtains, purses, and blankets to decorate and decorate.

"The Gelao people are good at weaving, embroidery, and batik, and are known as 'green guys', 'red guys', 'flower guys', 'robe-bearers' and so on because of their different colors and styles of clothing.

"There are certain procedures for the Lao people to get married. Even if the woman is satisfied, in order to show that the daughter is noble, she generally does not agree, and the matchmaker has to run two or three times, and bring chicken, wine and other meeting gifts, such as gifts received by the woman, it means that the marriage has been concluded. On the day of the girl's wedding, the woman's family held a banquet and put out the dowry during the day for others to watch. In the evening, the bride sings a wedding song and says goodbye to her loved ones one by one. When greeting relatives, the sedan chair is led by the matchmaker, and a person of high moral virtue is selected as Mr. Rite to form a welcoming team. The greeting team set off at dawn, and along the way, suona, gongs and drums played the tune of greeting the proximity. Before the bride gets into the sedan chair, the women of Fushou Shuangquan help to open her face, dress up, put on a big red wide-sleeved robe and wedding dress, and match the "back mirror". The mother's family carried the sedan chair out of the village before handing it over to the man's sedan chair man. The sedan chair is hung in front of the copper realm, surrounded by colorful flags and blue umbrellas, on the way to sound the horn and set off the cannon, blowing and blowing, very lively. After visiting the groom's house, the bride should redress her makeup, and then go to a spacious place in the village for everyone to admire and laugh, so as to establish a friendly relationship with the villagers.

"After introducing the Gelao clan, maybe Mr. Wu, you will ask, how is this place called 'Yaoshang'? About its origin, I will first take you to visit our 'Deng Ancestral Hall', legend has it that two carp were trapped in the pond, the kind Gelao people in order to make the fish drink water, specially built the ancestral hall in front of the fish mouth, because of the homonym of 'pond' and 'ancestral hall', forming a unique landscape of double fish and double pond.

"The ancestral hall was actually specially built to worship the ancestors of the Deng family in Yaoshang Village for founding Yaoshang Village. Legend has it that more than 600 years ago, a descendant of a Jiangxi surname, his father had three brothers, named Deng Da County, Deng Da Zhou, Deng Dafu, such a name is to hope to be a county official, a state official, a government official, but none of them became officials. After a long journey, he came to the Baoxi River at the foot of Foding Mountain, and saw that the land here is fertile, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, and it is a place where he can live a good life in peace and contentment, so he settled down. In addition to farming, the ancestral craft is used to knead the clay here into bowls, plates and pots, and build an earthen kiln to fire bowls, plates, pots and jars and sell them. Anyone who buys porcelain has formed a habitual name by going to the 'kiln' to find Master Deng. 'Yaoshang' means 'Yaoshang'. Over time, this resulted in the formation of permanent place names. Now most of the people in Yaoshang Village are surnamed Deng, this ancestral hall is built naturally to commemorate the entrepreneurial achievements of the ancestors, now the ancestral hall has become a folk customs exhibition hall, collected the specimens of humanities and natural data, you can understand the customs and landforms of our Yaoshang Lao cultural village in the exhibition hall, after the visit, you can also see the Wu Tang opera performance of the Gelao people. ”

The tour guide Huang Guirong walked and talked and came to a big tree, which was hung up by the forestry department. Tour guide Huang Guirong explained:

"The tree we see now is called the 'Hou Li Tree', and it takes four people to hold it. Please look up, the tree is magically covered with dense orchids, and there are bees that linger all year round, it is said to be a thousand years old, it is a sacred tree, the locals call it 'wishing tree', it is said to bring good luck to people. ”

While looking and touring, you will come to a piece of dwelling. Tour guide Huang Guirong pointed to the house and explained:

"Let's take a look at the houses here, there are more than 50 families living here, all the houses are two-storey, it condenses the architectural culture of central and southwest China, and the front sticks out of the beams, typical dry bar stilt building. But there is a unique feature, a high threshold, and a small waist door is set up in the middle, whose main function is that the children in the family can't go out, and the adults can work with peace of mind; Another function is to keep out wild animals and livestock outside. Everyone, please see, these houses are roughly the same pattern, are the left and right two wings, in the shape of "concave", twelve wooden pillars bear the weight of the whole wooden house, except for the ancestral hall for the hanging hilltop building, the rest are the top of the mountain building, the overall structure is exquisite, the shape is peculiar. The patterns of these window carvings are also very exquisite, mainly with some auspicious patterns such as plum blossoms, dragons, phoenixes, cranes, etc., which show the yearning of our family for a better life. ”

Walking on the small stone street where the houses were left, Mr. Wu and his entourage felt happy.

This small street, which stretches all the way to Baoxi Gorge, is the main street of Yaoshang, and there are Gelao snacks and some unique small goods on both sides of the small street.

After walking down that small street, there is a small river, and there is a "wind and rain bridge" on the small river. Tour guide Huang Jurong introduced: "This is a wind and rain bridge, this small river is called Baoxi River, it is located at the west outlet of Yaoshang Nationality Village, this side of the river is Yaoshang Village, opposite is Foding Mountain, the wind and rain bridge is 20 meters long and 3 meters wide. It is flanked by wooden fence railings and is about four meters high. It is a wooden bridge that can be used for pedestrians to walk, rest and shelter from the rain, and is a multi-functional wooden bridge. Although Yaoshang Village and Foding Mountain are only separated by a small river, it is easy to rise and fall into the mountain stream, every time the small river rises and winter, it brings great inconvenience to people to go up the mountain to hunt and collect medicine, so the ancestors of Yaoshang Village began to use trees to build bridges in the river earlier, but they were often washed away by floods, and later they built this wind and rain bridge in the style of the dwellings of the family. The bridge not only became a solid way to travel, but also decorated the cottage and became a sight. In their spare time, it has also become a good place for many young men and women to choose songs. ”

After seeing the Yaoshang Folk Village, it was noon, and the group ate snacks at the street snack bar, and then drove to the upstairs ancient village.

When I arrived at the ancient village upstairs, I just got off the bus, and the tour guide Huang Guirong began to explain.

"Upstairs thousand-year-old village, it is not an exaggeration to say that it is an ancient village, because everything here is full of simple charm, ancient bridges, ancient wells, ancient winds, ancient houses, ancient trees, as if they are telling us an ancient story, in it, you seem to have traveled through time and space, back to the distant past, taste the vicissitudes of life!

"Mr. Wu, friends, you may think that the name 'upstairs' is a bit ordinary, and you also feel strange, why is it called 'upstairs'? In fact, it was not called 'upstairs', but called 'Zhai Ji', because there was a building at a small ditch in the village, and a long alleyway was built below, so it was called 'Lou Lane', because 'upstairs' and 'alley' were homophonic, and over time the villagers were accustomed to calling it 'upstairs', which has been used to this day, which is about the origin of the word 'upstairs'.

"Let me briefly introduce the basic situation upstairs for you, upstairs is located in the southwest of Shiqian County on the bank of the Liaoxian River, 15 kilometers away from the county seat, there are four village groups, 150 households, more than 500 people, the whole scenic area is about 4 square kilometers, from Shiqian County to the scenic spot has 40 minutes by car. In this ancient village, there are still unique ethnic customs, such as singing mountain songs, crying and mourning, and playing suona. ”

When she was about to arrive, the tour guide Huang Guirong pointed to the ancient dwelling and said:

"Mr. Wu, friends, now we can vaguely see some ancient residences, and the thousand-year-old village upstairs is fading its mysterious veil for us!"

The first thing to visit is a theater building. The tour guide introduced:

"The ancient building we are visiting now is the theater building of the ancient village upstairs, which was built in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, with corridors on both sides and a stage in the middle. The corridor is a place for actors to put on makeup, change clothes, and store props; The stage is a special place for puppet shows and people's dramas. Now mainly puppet shows are staged, but there are very few big dramas. Puppet theatre has already covered a bit. Next, I will make a brief introduction to Mr. Wu and other friends about the NPC drama.

"The wonderful thing about the whole drama is that it requires the actor to use the pig's stomach to fill the pig's blood and tie it around the waist, and the other person uses the hairpin to remove the blood bag, and then the blood spurts out.

"The pattern of this theater is exactly the same as that of Shiqian Wanshou Palace, which is a microcosm of foreign culture, why is it related to the central culture? The whole villager here is surnamed Zhou, originally from Fengcheng County, Nanchang Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, in the sixth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1496), the ancestor Zhou Boquan took his family to work hard, traveled long distances along the rugged mountain road, all the way to find a place to live, looking at the prosperous Shiqian Mansion City, walking and stopping, they have not stopped, and continued to move forward to find a home with tired legs due to long-distance fatigue. When they came to this remote and remote valley, they took a fancy to this treasure land of feng shui, and since then they have recuperated and settled, and there are more than 4,000 people in 19 generations. Jiangxi people are very particular about feng shui and astronomy, from this point we can understand that the real meaning of this theater building built here, in fact, it is not suitable for the audience to watch the performance, mainly because the feng shui is very good, which can bless the prosperity of the six animals here and the safety of the family! It is said that Zhou Boquan left his hometown in tears in order to take refuge, but there is no detailed record of why he took refuge. Perhaps, his bitter heart at the beginning was not convenient to open to future generations, but in any case, the Zhou family lived and worked here in peace and contentment, endlessly. ”

After watching the ancient opera building, I came to a forest, and the tour guide Huang Guirong introduced:

"What we see here is a group of ancient trees, covering an area of about 60 acres, composed of crape myrtle, cinnamon, red maple, and cypress. Among them, there are four ancient maple trees, nearly 40 meters high, and the peculiar thing is that they are distributed in the shape of the 'Big Dipper'. According to this statement, it is based on relevant surveys and mapping, these seven maple trees are five degrees different from the North Pole, and these five degrees represent five hundred years, so it is inferred that this village has a history of more than 2,500 years, and it is said that it is the site of the ancient Yelang country; In ancient times, it was said that the village had to dismount and bow down, so some people inferred that this was a vassal state of the ancient Yelang country, which added a sacred color to the thousand-year-old village. (To be continued.) )