On November 16, 1983, the People's Daily published a newsletter from Xinhua News Agency entitled "A Factory Director with an Original Spirit -- Bu Xinsheng." The newsletter said: "After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Bu Xinsheng emancipated his mind. Bold reform, in the whole factory to implement a set of unique management methods, so that this small factory products sell well in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and other big cities, become a first-class professional shirt factory in Zhejiang Province......"

In 1980, he became the director of the Haiyan County Shirt Factory in Zhejiang Province. Under the leadership of Bu Xinsheng, the small factory broke the "big pot rice", carried out comprehensive reforms, and the company developed rapidly, becoming the industry leader in the province a year later. In 1983, his deeds became a national model, and the "Bu Xinsheng Myth" caused a sensation throughout the country.

The Xinhua News Agency's "editor's note" reads: "Bu Xingsheng, director of the Haiyan County Shirt General Factory, emancipated his mind and made bold reforms. The spirit of hard work and innovation is worth advocating, and its main experience is: get rid of the crutch of product underwriting. Go to the market to create a brand and break the way. With three new (new style, new clothing type. New decoration), a fast (turn fast) to win, boldly change the current system. Create a set of methods for managing factories, do a good job in ideological and political work, and create a sense of responsibility for the ownership of employees. ”

The report was first sent to the desk of the general secretary of the Party Central Committee as an internal reference. The general secretary immediately instructed: "For those enterprise leading cadres who are loose in their work, who are content to be laymen for a long time, and who are monks for a day. Bu Xin's experience. It should be a cure for the sick and that they may learn from it. ”

The support from Zhongnanhai has made Bu Xinsheng a role model, a model for China's urban economic system reform. His bold explorations have made people vaguely see the direction of reform. Journalists flocked to Haiyan County overnight. The "star-making machine" made Bu Xinsheng the most well-known factory director in the country.

Delegations from 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country crowded Haiyan County. Since the establishment of Haiyan County. People have never seen so many outsiders. They speak local dialects. Travel to and from the streets of Haiyan County. The colloquial words are: Bu Xinsheng, market competition and enterprise autonomy.

Bu Xinsheng himself hurriedly traveled back and forth to various parts of the motherland, and between applause and flowers, he spoke again and again about the experience of reform......"

Report by the People's Daily. Make Bu Xinsheng the most well-known news figure in 1984. Even judging from the reports on the characters published by Chinese newspapers and radio stations after the liberation. Bu Xinsheng can also be regarded as another key figure after Jiao Yulu and Lei Feng.

Lin Yu has also read the report, and he thinks that Bu Xinsheng is a factory director with an original spirit. He was deeply dissatisfied with the old system of 'big pot rice' and 'iron rice bowl' in the past. Taking advantage of the opportunity of expanding the autonomy of enterprises, we have made some bold reform attempts, so that enterprises can develop rapidly. He worked hard to invigorate the business, to compete in the market, and won a place in Shanghai with many varieties and new advantages. Within the enterprise, he reformed the distribution system and distributed employees according to their actual labor performance. And from the actual production has formulated a set of strict management system, and the production site management is also quite special.

However, he knows that expanding the autonomy of enterprises can only solve the temporary predicament of enterprises, and that it is not a simple problem to completely solve the chronic problems existing in state-owned enterprises. At the very least, in various media reports in the past few years, Bu Xinsheng has lost his trace. That's to a certain extent. It can also explain some problems.

But even so, Bu Xinsheng's reform experience is worth learning.

The most important feature of the reform of state-owned enterprises was the implementation of the state-owned enterprise contracting system, and it was precisely this system that made the domestic state-owned enterprises at that time wail.

The contract system for state-owned enterprises was implemented against the backdrop of the failure of the reform to "expand the autonomy of enterprises" to achieve the expected success.

In 1984, a paper book written by Di Ma Shengli, then head of the business section of Shijiazhuang Paper Mill, caused a sensation in the whole Shijiazhuang City.

The year 1984 is known as the first year of China's modern company. In the future, many companies that have been galloping for a while were born in this year. On March 28 of this year, a "big-character poster" of "Expressing Determination to the Leading Group" suddenly appeared in front of the Shijiazhuang Paper Mill: I request to contract the paper mill! After contracting, double the profit! Workers' wages doubled. If you fail to achieve your goal, you are willing to be punished by law. My methods are: "36 Strategies" and "72 Changes," to invigorate the economy externally, to strictly manage the factory internally, and to show concern for the livelihood of the masses...... author of the "big-character poster" is Ma Shengli, 46 years old chief of the factory's business section.

At that time, it was just in time for the state to issue the "Decision of the Central Committee on the Reform of the Economic System", and it was this decision that put forward the goal of enhancing the vitality of enterprises and establishing a socialist planned commodity economy. After the promulgation of the "Decision," the whole country rapidly accelerated the pace of reform of the entire economic system, with a focus on cities. From land contracting in 1978 to state-owned enterprises in 1984. "Horse Contracting" was born at the right time and created the history of state-owned enterprise reform overnight.

With the strong support of the relevant departments at the higher level. Ma Shengli served as the director of Shijiazhuang Paper Mill, and after he contracted the paper mill, he implemented the management method of "contracting at all levels, and the responsibility is assigned to the person". As a result, this state-owned enterprise, which had been under the planned economic system for many years, quickly reversed its loss-making situation in the first month of contracting. The paper mill achieved a profit of more than 210,000 than the initial full year. And more. This shook the whole factory and the whole city.

The first year of the contract expires. Ma Shengli made a profit of 140 yuan, which was double his contract target of 70,000 yuan. In the second year, he made a profit of 180 yuan. Through news reports and publicity, "horse contracting" is also well-known throughout the country.

Ma Shengli "contracted" state-owned enterprises, and after the media reported the deeds of turning losses into profits, he immediately became a man of the year in the reform of state-owned enterprises. He has successively won the May Day Labor Medal and 400 honorary titles of National Outstanding Entrepreneur.

In a year and a half, Ma Shengli traveled all over the country and made 600 experience reports.

At the end of 1986, Ma Shengli was awarded the titles of "Good Factory Director Always Thinking of the Interests of the Country and the People" and "Courageous Pioneer Reformer". It has set off a craze of "learning from Ma Shengli" across the country. All kinds of big red certificates filled seven large suitcases.

The reform myth of "one package for a soul" has been widely spread throughout the country. Many state-owned paper mills are in dire straits. They came to the door and asked Ma Shengli to contract.

In 1987, Ma Shengli, who was famous for his implementation of contracting II, in order to develop the enterprise, he absorbed more than 100 loss-making paper enterprises across more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and the largest "China Ma Shengli Paper Group" was formally established in China at that time. The annual output value of the group has reached 400 million yuan.

But. As a posterity, Lin Yu is very aware of the later outcome of this contracting king. That is, in a year or two.

Ma Shengli, the king of contracting enterprises, was a smash hit at the time, however. Because the enterprises of the paper group he set up were too scattered, the legal representatives of the 0 contracting branches were tired of coping, so that the group soon struggled, and affected the base camp closely related to it - Shijiazhuang Paper Mill. Soon the plant was also in trouble.

In particular, an accident in 19** (a fire caused by a failed test) made the difficult Ma Shengli Paper Group even worse.

A series of internal and external factors made it impossible for the group to continue to support. In May 1991, Ma Shengli Paper Enterprise Group officially announced its dissolution, and the Shijiazhuang Paper Mill he had contracted not only failed to make a profit, but also incurred a lot of debts.

In 1995, Ma Shengli was notified by his superiors to retire. After the enterprise, this nationally renowned outstanding entrepreneur sold steamed buns on the street.

After Lin Yu saw the report of Ma Shengli in his previous life, he thought that the contracting king did not see the so-called historical turbulence at the beginning, he was just a person who liked to do things according to his own straightforward ideas, and his intuition told him that "the factory should be able to do better".

At that time, he was too eager to achieve results, blindly expanding the scale of the enterprise out of reality, and it was cross-regional and cross-provincial, and the management was out of control, not only did not become a group, but also affected the base camp. The second mistake is that the individual is too prominent, and the company's brand is not highlighted.

"I believe grandpa should be no stranger to these two people." Lin Yu said with a smile.

"These two people were famous at the time, I remember that this man named Ma Shengli and I saw him alone, or not, it was time to see this person again." The old man thought for a moment and said.

Lin Yu said with a smile: "These two people may not be the best in reform, but they have done what a national cadre should do the most, that is, not to make our workers hungry, I still admire these two people in this regard." ”

Mentioning this, Mr. Lin said angrily: "No matter how much state-owned enterprises are reformed, they can't watch these workers go hungry!" ”

For a person like the old man who has experienced two societies, the superiority of socialism is an aspect that he attaches great importance to. Therefore, the old man has always been very dismissive of the reform of state-owned enterprises.

Lin Yu said with a smile: "Grandpa, if state-owned enterprises want to really take off, they must undergo major surgery." In addition to the introduction of capital projects, technology and product upgrades, it is also necessary to optimize the portfolio and streamline personnel. If you don't compress the redundant personnel, the cost of the product will not be reduced at all, the competitiveness will be gone, no matter how much money is injected, the product will still be overstocked in the warehouse and cannot be sold, and the more you produce, the greater the loss. ”

"Alarmist!" Old Man Lin glared at Lin Yu with a somewhat unbearable face, and muttered dissatisfiedly. However, those who are attentive can find that the old man's eyebrows are beating slightly.

The old man doesn't know much about economics and management, but even so, he still knows in his heart that Lin Yu is telling the truth, the same product, the price of others is cheaper, think about who everyone will buy? This seems to be an indisputable fact. But doesn't socialism mean that everyone has equal access to food? How to revolutionize for decades, in the end, what kind of "optimization" and what "diversion" will be carried out, it really makes his old man a little confused.

The chief sighed lightly and said, "It's our work that hasn't done it properly. ”！。