"The second military general, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, called the painting saint, Wu Daozi, academic 96+"

Wu Daozi, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, was honored as the painting saint in the history of painting, also known as Daoxuan. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

Wu Daozi was lonely and poor when he was a teenager, and he studied calligraphy with calligraphers Zhang Xu and He Zhizhang, and then worked hard to study painting, and gradually mastered the wonderful method of painting. Because of his hard work, when he was not weak, he was already "poor and young".

Because he can "be poor and green", he has some fame in the painting world, Tang Xuanzong summoned him to Chang'an, Kyoto, entered the worship, served as a doctor of internal teaching, and ordered him to "not paint unless there is an edict". Later, the official was "Ning Wangyou". After Wu Daozi entered the palace to worship, he mostly painted in the palace, and sometimes followed Xuanzong to tour around the country. Once, he drove to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and met with the general Pei Min and the calligrapher Zhang Xu, and the three of them each performed their own stunts: Pei Min was good at sword dancing and immediately danced a sword song; Zhang Xu is good at cursive writing, splashing ink and making a book wall; Wu Daozi also worked hard to paint, "Russia is instantaneous, like divine help".

Wu Daozi is good at Buddhism, gods and ghosts, people, landscapes, birds and beasts, plants and trees, pavilions, etc., especially good at Buddhism, characters, good at mural creation, it is reported that he has painted murals in Chang'an, Luoyang temples as many as 300 walls, strange traces, there is no similarity, especially "Hell in disguise" is famous at the time.

Wu Daozi's paintings have a unique style. Its landscape painting has the merit of change, the painted figures are fluttering in the folds of clothes, the lines are strong, known as the strip drawing of the lettuce, with the effect of flying in the sky, the wind on the wall, known as Wu with the wind. He also applied a little light color in the scorched ink lines, and was known as Wu costume. The lines of painting are concise, the pen is only one or two, and the image has been answered", which is known as "sparse body". Wu Daozi's paintings had a great influence on later generations, and he was revered as a "painting saint" by people and an ancestor by folk painters.

The reason why Wu Daozi has achieved such outstanding achievements in the art of painting is that he can innovate. He is good at absorbing the essence from the complex object form, summarizing the concave and convex surfaces, yin and yang surfaces into irreducible "lines", combined with the internal movement of objects, constituting the organizational rules of lines, such as the posture of high, side, deep, oblique, rolling, folding, floating and lifting of clothing lines, which is completely based on the organization of lines and depicts the character of objects. The requirements of this kind of line are strict, each line meets the requirements of the shape and expressiveness, and each line is full of rhythmic beauty, which is a collection of previous generations and a creative line.

Wu Daozi's painting style has been imitated and borrowed by many painters since the Tang Dynasty and the Song and Yuan dynasties.

"The corpses are on the table, and the people who are messing in are all these grandmaster-level guys? How do you feel that there is no such thing as a guy who has too much use, and it can even be said that the role is even smaller than that of the previous hundred workers! Bao Hong couldn't help but complain.

"Low-key, that's what it is." The system smiled, "After all, this batch of indiscriminate incursions is all ideological achievements. ”

"The third military general, a famous pharmacist, alchemist, and writer in the Liang period of the Southern Dynasty, known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountains" Tao Hongjing, academic 95+"

Tao Hongjing has a different exercise, four or five years old is a good book, "always take Di as the pen, and the book is gray and learns the words". At the age of nine, he began to read Confucian classics such as "The Book of Rites", "Shangshu", "Zhou Yi", "Spring and Autumn", "Book of Filial Piety", "Mao's Poems", and "Analects". At the age of ten, Ge Hong's "Legend of the Immortals" was obtained, "If you study day and night, you will have the ambition of health preservation". and long, "the demeanor is bright, the eyebrows are sparse", "I have read more than 10,000 volumes, I don't know anything, and I think I am ashamed". At the age of fifteen, he wrote "Looking for the Mountains", admiring the secluded life. At the age of seventeen, he was famous for his talent and learning, and together with Jiang Xu, Chu Xuan, and Liu Yu, he was known as the Four Friends of Shengming.

Tao lived in the Southern Dynasties, through the Song, Qi, Liang Dynasty, is a very influential figure at that time, naturalist, Tao Hongjing in medicine, alchemy, astronomical calendar, geography, military science, sword casting, scriptures, literature and art, Taoist rituals and other aspects have in-depth research, and to the greatest contribution to pharmacology, this Taoist is related to alchemy.

Tao was born as a world doctor, and his grandfather and father both studied medicine and had martial arts. He was intelligent since childhood, and when he was about ten years old, he read Ge Hong's "Legend of the Immortals", and was deeply influenced, and resigned at the age of 36 to live in seclusion in Jurong Maoshan Mountain, and traveled through the famous mountains to seek immortal medicine. At that time, he was deeply trusted by Emperor Wu of Liang Xiao Yan, although Emperor Wu of Liang did not receive official gifts many times, but Emperor Wu of Liang had to consult him about major national affairs, so the people of the time had the title of "Prime Minister of the Mountain" for him.

As far as medicine is concerned, he is one of the early figures who have made the greatest contribution to the development of materia medica in China. In the era in which he lived, there were more than 10 works of materia medica, but there was no unified standard, especially the ancient materia medica was not far from the expiration of the age, the content was scattered, the grass and stone were not distinguished, the insects and beasts were not distinguished, and the clinical application was quite inconvenient, he took on the important task of "the buds and the scriptures, and the study of the troublesome provinces", and all the materia medica works at that time were sorted out into the "Shennong Materia Medica" and "Famous Doctors", and then combined the two into one, plus personal experience in this area, the book "Materia Medica", a total of 730 kinds of medicines. It has become a milestone in the history of the development of materia medica in China.

The main feature of this book is that it has created an all-encompassing naturalist that has made Chinese materia medica. He also created some original inventions, such as the creation of the classification of "general medicine for all diseases" according to the nature of drug treatment, and in terms of style, he also created a precedent for the division of herbal works into general theories and separate theories, and under the historical conditions of the time, he also used the methods of Zhu Shu and Moshu to distinguish the original text of the "Benjing" and the "Beilu". He has made indelible contributions in the history of the development of materia medica in China.

On the other hand, there is another thing that Bao Hong is very interested in, that is, Tao Hongjing wrote "Ancient and Modern Sword Records".

Tao Hongjing once participated in the smelting of treasure knives. The book is the author's experience in studying sword smelting. The book records the number of swords and swords made in various dynasties from Xia Yu to Emperor Wu of Liang, and gives a detailed description of the name, size, casting process and inscription of each sword.

It doesn't matter what the sword records, but the smelting technique or something is important.

"The fourth general, Xu Xiake, a geographer, traveler and writer of the Ming Dynasty, academic 92."

Xu Xiake was born in a well-known wealthy family in Jiangyin, Nanzhili (now Jiangyin City, Jiangsu), and his ancestors were all scholars. His father, Xu Youmian, did not want to be an official all his life, nor did he want to associate with the powerful, and liked to visit everywhere to enjoy the landscape. Influenced by the culture of the cultivated and reading family, Xu Xiake was studious at an early age, well-read, and especially fond of the local scriptures.

As an outstanding geographer, traveler, and writer in the Ming Dynasty, Xu Xiake's achievements in his life are many, but from the perspective of tourism, his devotion to the magnificent landscape is the most eye-catching; His classic book of travel literature is the pinnacle of all his achievements. With the emergence of Xu Xiake, a professional traveler in the true sense, tourism has officially become one of the ways of human existence, and has quickly entered the ideological consciousness and cultural life of Chinese intellectuals, and has become independent from the vassal life of scholars and scholars, and has entered a new track of rapid development.

Xu Xiake's "Travelogue" vividly depicts many landscapes, wonders and strange scenes, customs and social life involving most of today's China, leaving an extremely valuable cultural wealth to future generations, and has important value in tourism, geology, literature, culture, economy, and even flora and fauna, ecology, politics, society, religion, etc. "Xu Xiake's Travels" is known as "the encyclopedia of society in the late Ming Dynasty".

Through personal investigation and irrefutable historical materials, Xu Xiake proved that the Jinsha River is the correct source of the Yangtze River, and denied the statement about "Minshan guiding the river" in the "Yu Gong", which is regarded as a classic. At the same time, he also identified the headwaters of many waterways, such as the Zuojiang River, the Youjiang River, the Daying River, and the Lancang River, and corrected the confusion and errors in the records of these waterways in the "Unification Chronicles of the Ming Dynasty". He carefully observed the topography of the area through which the river flowed, saw the erosive effect of the current on the area through which it passed, and realized that the erosion effect was particularly strong in the recesses of the riverbank. He also paid attention to the relationship between plants and the environment, observed the different conditions of plant ecology and species under different terrain, temperature and wind speed conditions, and recognized the impact of ground height and earth latitude on climate and ecology. Xu Xiake also has a certain scientific understanding of hot springs and groundwater. Among Xu Xiake's series of contributions to geography, the most prominent is his investigation of limestone landforms. He was the first geographer in China and the world to systematically investigate limestone landforms.

Xu Xiake has made many contributions to the science of geography, and has also investigated and studied geothermal phenomena such as volcanoes and hot springs, and has carefully described and investigated natural phenomena such as climate changes and changes in plants due to different terrain altitudes. In addition, he also vividly described and recorded the situation of agriculture, handicrafts, transportation, the evolution of places of interest and historical sites in various places, and the customs and customs of ethnic minorities.

Xu Xiake not only made significant contributions to geography, but also had deep attainments in the field of literature. The travelogues he wrote are not only precious documents in geography, but also travelogue literature with exquisite penmanship. His travelogue is as simple and beautiful as the nature he depicts, and some people have praised it as "the true text of the world, the great text, and the strange text".

"What the hell? Natural Sciences or World Geography? Is it possible to draw a map, it seems that drawing a map doesn't have to go for many years like Xu Xiake to succeed, when he draws the map, our family is finished! Bao Hong said helplessly.

"Chaos into the fifth general, Eastern Jin Dynasty Buddhist scholar Zhu Daosheng, academic 90+"

Zhu Daosheng, after becoming a monk at the age of eight, concentrated on Taoism, studied scriptures and wonderful meanings, and was able to overcome his own solutions. At the age of fifteen, he gave lectures and preached Buddhism. He has a clear analysis and appropriate arguments, and although he is a contemporary scholar of the dormitory, he cannot resist the enemy. By the time he received the full ordination, his reputation for learning and speaking the Dharma was already well known.

Zhu Daosheng believes that "the key to entering the Tao, wisdom is the foundation", therefore, he tried his best to study the Dharma, and read all the treatises, although thousands of miles to seek the Dharma, but tirelessly worked, and then traveled to Chang'an with Huiyan, followed Kumarosh to receive karma, the monks in Guanzhong, as long as they have seen the Taoist, there is no disrespect for his talents. Rosh has the honorific title of "Four Sages and Ten Philosophers", and Daosheng is one of them.

He advocated that everyone has the "original nature" of Buddha nature, and believed that the meaning of the six-volume "Nihuan Sutra" (Buddha-like Nihuan Sutra) translated by Fa Xian was not satisfactory, and proposed that a Tiga (a Buddhist term used to refer to people who do not have faith and have broken off the good roots of Buddhahood) can also become Buddhas, which was attacked by the "old monk party" and expelled from Jiankang. Later, the large book "Nirvana Sutra" was translated in Liangzhou, and its statement was confirmed, so this scripture was preached in Lushan. His theory of enlightenment and Buddhahood was popular in the early days of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Zhu Daosheng was a follower and active advocate of Nirvana thought, and he fused the three of Vitanology, Prajna, and Nirvana to exert his Nirvana Buddha-nature thought, which was called "Nirvana Sage" at the time.

Daosheng's epiphany theory was supported by Xie Lingyun, and Daosheng's Nirvana doctrine was inherited, and the Southern Song Dynasty had Baolin, Fabao, Daoyou, Daoci, Seng Jin, and Fa Ying, Qi had Sangzong, and Liang had Falang. The Buddha-nature theory of Daosheng and the enlightenment of enlightenment to become a Buddha had a great influence on later generations of Zen Buddhism and are the origin of Zen Buddhism. Although his views were said early and caused trouble, history eventually recognized him.

"Nima's, you tell me that his views are too advanced in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it is not ...... in the era of the late Han Dynasty."

"Hell knows!" The system smiled, "In this society now, the grandmasters of various families have run out, and there is nothing great about developing the Buddha's path!" ”

"The sixth general, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Taoist teacher, the famous alchemist, and the pharmacist Ge Hong, academic 95+"

"! Hug Puzi......" Bao Hong said with a smile.

Ge Hong is a Taoist scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a famous alchemist, and a pharmacist. The word Zhichuan, self-named Hug Puzi, Han nationality, Jurong people of Danyang County, Jin. The grandnephew of Ge Xuan, a scholar of the Three Kingdoms, is known as the little fairy Weng. He was once named the Marquis of Guannei, and later lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain for alchemy. He is the author of "Behind the Elbow", etc.

Ge Hong was proficient in medicine and pharmacology, and advocated Taoist priesthood and medical skills. "Those who were Taoists at the beginning of ancient times should not also practice medical skills in order to save the near disaster", believing that if a cultivator does not practice medical skills, once "the illness affects himself", he will "have no way to deal with it", not only can he not grow into an immortal, but even his own life will be difficult to save.

His medical book "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription", the title of the book means that it can always be kept behind the elbow, and it is a practical book that should be kept with you. The book collects a large number of emergency prescriptions, which are collected and screened in the process of practicing medicine and traveling, and he specially selects some drugs that are relatively easy to get, even if they have to spend money to buy them, they are very cheap, and they have changed the previous emergency prescriptions are not easy to understand, drugs are difficult to find, and the disadvantages are expensive.

Ge Hong was a famous Taoist leader in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was good at Dan Taoism inside, studied medicine outside, studied Taoism and Confucianism, studied through hundreds of schools, had profound thoughts, and was rich in writings. He not only made great contributions to the development of Taoist theory, but also made many achievements in the fields of healing, medicine, music, and literature. "Bao Puzi" is his main work, and his essays and aesthetic expositions are scattered among them, although they are relatively scattered, but their value cannot be ignored. (To be continued.) )