Li Liangzuo

The biological mother did not hide the black cloud Li Yuanhao's heavy minister Ye Li met the beggar wife, and then Ye Li Yu beggar was given to death by Li Yuanhao, and did not hide the family as a nun, after Li Yuanhao visited the Ye Li family's widow, welcomed the Wu Zang family into the palace and fornicated with it, was found by Ye Li, so that the Wu Zang family to the Jietan Temple as a nun, given the name of the master of no Tibet, Li Yuanhao often went to the temple for trysts. On February 6, 1047, the tenth year of the Heavenly Rite Law Yanzuo, the Wuzang clan gave birth to Li Liangzuo while following Li Yuanhao to hunt. Raised by his brother did not hide the Pang family. Li Yuanhao entrusted the state affairs to the palace without hiding it, and he and the concubines went to the palace to enjoy themselves.

The brothers and sisters of the Wuzang clan began to plot to endanger the crown prince Ning Lingge and set up Li Liangzuo as the crown prince. At that time, due to the fall of favor after Yeli was abolished, the prince Ning Lingge's beloved wife was taken away, and in the first month of the eleventh year of Yanzuo (1048), Xia Jingzong Li Yuanhao was stabbed to death by the prince Ning Lingge. did not hide Pang to kill Brother Ning Ling, and supported Li Liangzuo, who was only eleven months old, when Li Yuanhao was dying, he had a will to set up his younger brother Brother Ning Ling to inherit the throne. The ministers such as Nuo Yixian and others all advocated obeying Li Yuanhao's orders.

did not hide the objection of Pang, he said: "Brother Wei Ning ordered the non-son, and it was useless, and he had a country?" Nuo Yisheng asked rhetorically: "The country has no owner, so what is the standing?" Otherwise, what do you want? If you can protect the summer soil, you will also be willing by everyone. He replied, "How dare you!" Xia since the ancestral examination, the father died and the son died, and the people of the country obeyed. Now there is no son after hiding, but the heir of the first king, who dares to disobey! The ministers only said yes, so they enshrined Li Liangzuo as the emperor and respected the Wuzang clan as the empress dowager of Xuanmu Huiwen.

Li Liangzuo was young and did not hide the regent of the Queen Mother. The brother of the Queen Mother did not hide the three major generals such as Pang Enoch and the transfer of the capital to hold the military power for a long time, and ordered them to be in charge of state affairs, and they served as the minister of state and took charge of the government. He was the eldest of the great clans, and the nobles of the court were the ministers of state, and the power leaned towards the government and the opposition, and the guards were intended to be kings. In April, the Song Dynasty sent Wailang Ren Yuan, a member of the Shangshu Criminal Department, to serve as the canonized envoy, and Song Shouyue, the deputy envoy to the Reserve Treasury, to serve as the deputy envoy, and canonized Li Liangzuo as the lord of the Western Xia.

did not hide the false Pang and dedicated Li Yuanhao's relics to the Liao lord. did not hide the false Pang and ordered it to be changed to the first year of the Ningguo in the following year, and it was called the first year of the Yan Si Ning Kingdom. In December, the Western Xia also sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty to thank the canon, and offered 50 horses and camels, and the Song Dynasty set up a banquet to entertain the Western Xia envoys and give gifts. At that time, the old grudge of the southern wall of Liao refused to seal Li Liangzuo, and under the pretext that the envoy sent by the Western Xia was delayed, he detained the Xia envoy and wanted to gather troops to fight. After hearing the news, the Wuzang clan sent an envoy to the Liao Dynasty to observe the movements, and the envoy was detained again.

In July of the first year of the Ningguo Kingdom (1049), Liao Xingzong was ashamed of the defeat of the snow army on the south wall, and took advantage of the new lord of Western Xia, Li Liangzuo, to establish the first and issued an edict to conquer in person. The Xia army hurriedly met the battle and retreated all the way. By May of the following year, the Liao army advanced to the vicinity of Xingqing Mansion and plundered the army. He also broke through the grain city in the northwest of Helan Mountain, robbed the summer warehouse grain storage and left. In the second battle of Helan Mountain in Liaoxia, Western Xia was defeated and suffered heavy losses, and he declared himself a vassal to Liao.

From October to December, the Wuzang clan sent envoys to Liao twice to ask for peace for Li Liangzuo, and asked Liao to be called a vassal and a vassal, but Liao Xingzong ignored it. However, Liao Xingzong forgave Zuo for his weakness and the strong ministers in the court, and in order to contain Xia and strengthen his defense, he deployed heavy troops on the border. This move was a great deterrent to Xia, and from time to time he sent envoys to Liao to present seals, pay tribute, and sacrifice horses and camels.

When Li Liangzuo first established, the three major generals such as Nuo Yisheng were stationed outside with strong troops, and they still had some scruples about not hiding their favors. When the three generals withered one by one, he did even more as he wanted. In the third year of Fusheng Chengdao (1055), he sent troops to occupy the fertile cultivated land west of the Quye River in the northwest of Linzhou in the Song Dynasty (now the Kuye River in Shaanxi), so that the people planted and the income belonged to themselves. The Song side repeatedly negotiated and blackmailed the favor to adopt the countermeasure of "fighting if it is pressed, and ploughing if it is slow". The Tibetan clan believes in Buddhism, builds temples and chants, and does Buddhist things. He once requisitioned tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians to build Chengtian Temple, which took five years and cost a lot of money.

In the fourth year of Fusheng Chengdao (1056), Li Liangzuo was nine years old, and he had gradually understood the world, and often followed the mother of the good Buddha to the newly built Xingqing Mansion West Chengtian Temple to listen to the Buddhist scriptures. There is no Tibetan family to be lascivious, and it is good to have fun, often making the market illuminated, and the knights and guards go out to play at night. When the Wuzang clan was a nun in the Jietan Temple, he first had an affair with the former husband Yeli and the beggar cashier Li Shougui, and then he ate a lot with Li Yuanhao's attendant Bao Bao, and Li Shougui killed the Wuzang clan and the concubine for this attempt.

In October of this year, the Wuzang clan and her attendant Bao Bao had gone to Helan Mountain to hunt again, and on the way back at night, suddenly dozens of soldiers jumped out and killed the Wuzang clan and its guards to eat too much. [10] Wu Zang Pang found out that this incident was committed by Li Shougui, a fortunate minister of the Wu Zang clan, and he was reported by Li Shougui, who was in charge of the inspection, for the occupation of Quye Kawada, and was ordered to return the invaded fields and settled a grudge. This is the right time to take revenge. did not hide the falsehood, so he ordered the clan to destroy Li Shougui's family.

In the fourth year of Fusheng Chengdao (1056), the death of the Wuzang clan, the fear of losing the power of the court and the government was not hidden, and the queen mother's brother did not hide the Pang to marry his daughter to Li Liangzuo as the queen and control the power. In the third year of the reign of Emperor (1059), Li Liangzuo began to participate in state affairs, and he saw that he was flying and domineering in the court, and he was increasingly dissatisfied with his dictatorship. did not hide the false Pang and killed Li Liangzuo's cronies Gao Huaichang and Mao Weizheng. Li Liangzuo knew that this was to show him, and he was deeply dissatisfied with the fact that he did not hide the favor and arbitrarily arbitrarily ruled the government, so he condescended to the political enemy general who was falsely favored, and became a confidant. Li Liangzuo had an affair with Liang, the daughter-in-law of Pang, who did not hide it, and later slandered Pang's father and son to plot to kill Li Liangzuo; The Liang clan changed, and Li Liangzuo, with the support of the general Manba and others, killed Yan Pang and his family, and killed his wife Wuzang, ending the situation of Wuzang's dictatorship.

In the fifth year of the reign of Xudu (1061), after Li Liangzuo personally took charge of the national government, he began to implement a pro-Song policy. In May of the same year, Li Langzuo finally resolved the dispute over the boundary of the Quye River that had existed between the Xia and Song dynasties for many years. In July, Li Liangzuo learned that the Liao Dynasty would take Hexi with his soldiers. Then he sent an envoy Wei Mingyu to the Song Dynasty to pay tribute, and "invite Princess Shang", intending to end the Song Dynasty for assistance, but Song Renzong did not accept. In September, Li Liangzuo killed the queen and did not hide the clan, established the Liang family as the queen, and appointed Liang Yi, the younger brother of the Empress Liang, as the family minister. In October, Li Liangzuo wrote to Song Renzong that he envied the clothes of the Central Plains, and that he should wear the clothes of the Central Plains to greet the envoys of the Song Dynasty next year. Song Renzong allowed him.

In the first month of the sixth year of the capital (1062), Li Liangzuo asked for the copy of the official book stone carving of the imperial poems of Song Taizong, and paid tribute to the Song Dynasty 50 horses, and also asked the Song Dynasty for the "Nine Classics", "Tang History", "Shufu Yuan Turtle" and the etiquette of the Song Dynasty, and Song Renzong issued an edict to Li Liangzuo "Nine Classics" and returned the horses he offered. In May, Li Liangzuo changed the Xishou Supervision Army Division to the Baotai Army, the Shizhou Supervision Army Division to the Jingsai Army, the Weizhou Supervision Army to the Xiangyou Army, and the Zuoxiang Supervision Army to the Shenyong Army.

A large number of improvements were made to the Western Xia official system. The official titles of the Han people's Shangshu, Shilang, Xuanhui envoys from the north and south, and Zhongshu scholars were added, and the official titles of Angnie, Angxing, Moge, Ani, Baliang, Dingli, Chunyue, Yingwu, Zhuneng, Guangle, and Dingnu were added to the officials of the Fan nationality. [18] Sent people to the Song Dynasty to offer local products, claiming to be the envoy of the Southern Court of Xuanhui, and the Song Dynasty issued an edict that this was not suitable for the title of Western Xia, and that Li Liangzuo should not be arrogant and that he should abide by the provisions of the edict.

In August, Li Liangzuo heard that there was a conflict between the Xibo and the Liao Dynasty in Hexi, so he led his army to attack the Liao. Raised troops and stationed in Guweizhou, planning to annex the local familiar households. Zhang Fangping, the governor of Qinzhou, issued a document calling on the officials and the people to strictly garrison, but Li Liangzuo's plan was not realized, so he led the army to continue to the west and fought with Xibo in the Qingtang Dynasty, and Li Liangzuo was defeated. He was afraid that the soldiers would come to invade, so he built a fort next to Guweizhou and sent troops to guard it.

In the first year of Gonghua (1063), Li Liangzuo wrote a letter requesting the restoration of the Yongchang on the Song-Xia border, but the Song Dynasty did not allow it. Even though Li Liangzuo sent Wu Zong and others to congratulate Song Yingzong on his accession to the throne, the Song Dynasty treated them very badly. The Song Dynasty asked Li Zhao to punish him. In the autumn of this year, Western Xia sent troops to Qinfeng and Jingyuan, robbed the residents here, and killed and plundered tens of thousands of people and animals. The Song Dynasty sent Wang Wuji, the deputy envoy of Wensi, to Western Xia to question Li Liangzuo, but Li Liangzuo did not accept it.

In the second year of Gonghua (1064), Wu Zong, the Xia envoy, went to the Song Dynasty to celebrate the first month of the Song Dynasty and had a dispute with the Song Dynasty's envoy, and the Song envoy claimed that "one million soldiers should be used to drive into the Helan lair". After listening to the Xia envoy's return, Li Liangzuo decided that the Song Dynasty had insulted Western Xia and decided to use force to maintain his self-esteem. In July of this year, Yizong led tens of thousands of troops to attack Qinfeng and Jingyuan Prefectures of the Song Dynasty. In the next two or three years, the Western Xia offensive continued.

But these seemed to be only warnings that the Song dynasty must respect the Tangut, and during the war, the Tangut sent envoys to the Song dynasty continued. Li Liangzuo tried to find a support point for the Western Xia in the relationship between the three kingdoms; did not fall out with the Song Dynasty, lest the Song Dynasty completely cut off the annual gift and trade, so that the Liao Dynasty had a chance; It was also necessary to show the strength and dignity of Western Xia to the Song Dynasty. In August of the fourth year of Gonghua, Li Liangzuo led the cavalry to besiege Dashun City in Gyeongju (now northeast of Huachi, Gansu), wearing silver armor and felt hats, and personally supervised the battle in front of the battle. After a month, he sent an envoy to Song to ask for a time and a gift. When the Song Dynasty issued an edict condemning, he lost no time in guaranteeing the fulfillment of the previous contract, so the relations between the two countries returned to normal.

In the first month of the third year of Gonghua (1065), Li Liangzuo attacked Song Qingzhou again. The Song Dynasty sent Wang Wuji, the deputy envoy of Wensi, to hold an edict for questioning, but Li Liangzuo ignored it, and sent He Zheng to make Limao present a table first, blaming the Song Dynasty border officials. At the same time, it lured the familiar households of Shaanxi in the Song Dynasty to defect to Western Xia. In March, he sent the Right Privy Council to move the reward and send troops to attack the security army, and entered the siege of Shunning. In August, Jingyuan was disturbed, and in November, it fought with the Song army for the same fort outside Weirong Fort of the Deshun Army.

In the fourth year of Gonghua (1066), Li Liangzuo sent troops to attack Dashun City, divided troops to besiege Rouyuan, burned Quqi Village, surrounded Duanmuling with a fence, and the Song Dynasty repelled Western Xia and sent an envoy to question Li Liangzuo. In March, Li Liangzuo offered his property to apologize, and the Song Dynasty gave Li Liangzuo 500 horses of silk and 500 taels of silver. [21] Since Li Liangzuo was in power, he did not stop attacking the Song Dynasty with force; On the one hand, he did not give up the messenger exchanges with the Song Dynasty, and still sent envoys to the Song Dynasty to pay tribute on the New Day of the Song Dynasty and the Shousheng Festival as usual, the purpose of which was to obtain the gold silk from the Song Dynasty and trade in the capital of the Song Dynasty. Soon after Liang Zuo was hit by an arrow during the attack on Dashun City of the Song Dynasty, he sent an envoy to the Song Dynasty in October to "ask for time to serve" and ask for a gift.

In the fifth year of Gonghua (1067), Li Liangzuo booby-trapped and killed the Song general of the Security Army (now Zhidan, Shaanxi). He also attempted to conquer Hehuang and Tubo, and took advantage of the loss of peace with Liao, and led his troops to attack Qingtang City (now Xining, Qinghai). He successively subdued the Tubo chieftains Yu Zang, Hua Ma and Mu Zheng, and consolidated the southern Xinjiang of Western Xia. He personally attached himself to the Liao Dynasty and paid tribute to the Uighur monks, the Golden Buddha, and the Sanskrit Sutra.

Just when Langzuo was circling between the Song, Liao, and Tubo tribes, and made great achievements in domestic and foreign affairs, in December of the fifth year of Gonghua, Li Liangzuo died,[22] at the age of 21, and was called Emperor Zhaoying, and the temple name was Yizong, and was buried in Anling, and was succeeded by his son Li Bingchang after his death.

In the fifth year of the capital (1061), he did not hide the plot of Pang and his son to kill Li Liangzuo and seize the throne. Liang, the daughter-in-law who did not hide the false Pang, exposed the conspiracy to Li Liangzuo. Li Liangzuo, with the support of the general Manba, hunted and killed the father and son who did not hide the Pang father and son, and married Liang as the queen, and buried the queen's brother Liang Yi as the image.

At the beginning of the pro-government, Li Liangzuo announced that he would not use the Fan rite and change to the Han rite; In the following year, he asked the Song Dynasty for the "Nine Classics", "Shufu Yuan Turtle" and the Chaohe ritual system; Two years later, the Tang Dynasty gave the surname Li again. And asked for the dress of the Han people.

In the following year of the pro-government, Li Liangzuo added the official posts of the Fan Han Dynasty, and the new Han officials included the Shangshu of various ministries, the squire, the Xuanhui envoy of the north and the south, and the bachelor of the Chinese book, and the Fan officials added the posts of Nie and Angli.

In the year of his pro-government, Li Liangzuo immediately returned the cultivated land twenty miles west of the Quye River to the Song Dynasty and sent envoys to demarcate the border with the Song Dynasty.

In the first year of Gonghua (1063), Li Liangzuo asked the Song Dynasty to restore the trade of Rongchang. During the Song and Xia dynasties, as early as the Li Deming period, the security army (now Zhidan, Shaanxi) and the Zhenrong army (now Guyuan, Ningxia) set up a field. Due to the continuous incursion of the Song Dynasty during the period of the dictatorship of the Emperor and the Song Dynasty, the Song side closed the Rongchang, which had a great impact on the economy of the Western Xia, so the resumption of the mutual market was the most urgent.

"History of Liao": Although the northwest is strong, Yuan Hao and Liang Zuo are wise and brave, which can make the party and obstruct the big country, and cover the mountains and rivers, which can help its momentum.

"Xixia Books": Forgive Zuo was born before he was old, and suddenly suffered a big death: the three generals were divided and ruled, and they were more powerful than even chickens; The dictatorship of the matriarch is like a crouching tiger; It is difficult to give birth to elbows and armpits; Khitan soldiers entered Helan; The shame of the family's reputation, the chaos of state affairs, etc. At that time, Li's Jiqiu was in a precarious situation! And after a few years, he will be able to take charge of the government and take over the military power. Seeing the strength of Qi Fan, the rebellion of the detective Pang will be punished, and the etiquette of the Han Dynasty will be more customary, and the Chinese and Korean classics will be used in Yanghua style, all of which Yuan Hao has not been able to reach for decades. It's a pity that he didn't hide it, he set up the Liang family, he was lustful and annihilated, and he was not good at it, even if he was not good. (2) Forgive Zuo for forbearance and forbearance, and the chieftain messed with his women, so the ministers resented and died.

Yu Yunguo: As a monarch, Li Liangzuozun used Han rites to change Tibetan customs, and asked for Confucian scriptures to be Muhua, but it was a new trend that Yuan Hao never had when he founded the country, which was a manifestation of the strengthening of the influence of the Han nationality in the process of ethnic integration.

Bai Shouyi: In the case of getting rid of the interference of foreign relatives, although Liang Zuo made some achievements in internal politics, he still pursued a policy of invading the Song Dynasty externally.

Cui Ruide: The Han literati of Yizong's contemporaries did their best to slander him, describing Yizong as a stubborn, reckless and reckless young man, and an unscrupulous descendant of Yuan Hao.

Mei Yi: This guy came to the throne at the age of one and has not been in power for a few years, but he has made a lot of contributions to the cultural governance of Western Xia.