Chapter 440: Doomsday Judgment Book

While forcing his men to swear allegiance to him, an unexpected event led William to make a surprising move.

England and the Norman United Kingdom suffered a rare financial crisis, yes, it was the financial difficulties of the kingdom, the difficulty of spending huge military and administrative expenditures, as well as the king's annuity.

In the past few years, William led the Normans to fight for many years, although he won one victory after another, and won the Kingdom of England and a crown for William, but in fact, the Kingdom of England could not bring William any help, and even dragged William down many times.

Like the Great Rebellion in England, the Kingdom of England, instead of providing William with troops and taxes, dragged the Normans to Britain far from the European continent.

At that time, the French civil war was raging, and William was about to lead his army to intervene in the French civil war, but the great rebellion in the Kingdom of England disrupted William's plans.

In order to keep the crown that he had just woon, William had to return to England with the Guards and the First Legion to personally lead his army to quell the rebellion.

In order to supply the army, William had to impose heavy taxes in the Norman kingdom.

Although the Norman kingdom had a large increase in taxes after William had cleared the land and property of the nobles, the state finances began to be stretched thin to supply William's successive wars, and he had to borrow money from the Normandy bank to survive.

Now William had to further expand his army, establishing the Fourth Legion and the Fifth Legion, which was provided with knights, equipment and some funds from the vassals, and the Norman kingdom's finances could not be supported.

William was very wealthy, and the Normandy consortium was rich, and the gold stored in the vaults of the Normandy banks was enough to cover the financial expenses of England and the Norman kingdom for eight years.

But William did not want to use the money in the Normandy consortium and the bank, because it was another magic weapon he left to future generations, a crown that ruled the economic and business world, and it was no less important than any crown in William's hands.

In order to collect funds, in the same year, William organized a commission of inquiry, and sent officers to various places to investigate the land possession, labor distribution and property status of the feudal lords at all levels, so as to determine the amount of land tax and the feudal obligations of the vassals to the lords, so as to ensure and increase the income of the royal family.

William ordered a detailed investigation of the land, population, and property throughout England, and the investigators he sent were very careful, and they visited almost every city and village in England to make detailed checks and verifications of the land, property, and income of all vassals and freemen at all levels.

The detail and severity of the investigation suffocated the British, as if the end was coming, and the record of the investigation became known as the Doomsday Judgment.

The Book of the Last Judgment, officially known as the Survey of Land Servitude after the twelfth century, is the earliest economic archive of the Middle Ages in England.

Whether the British wanted it or not, this enslavement survey clearly told the British that all the land they lived on belonged to the king, not to them.

At the end of the same year, the survey was completed and then compiled into a book, known as the Land Servitude Survey Book. Through this investigation, William was well aware of the economic situation of the entire kingdom.

The survey shows the social situation in Britain in detail. Some of the data is that the population of England at that time was more than 1.5 million, of which 95% were rural, and the population of the nobility was more than 10,000, most of whom were Normans, who occupied most of the land in Britain, and the original Anglo-Saxon military aristocracy disappeared.

Before the Norman Conquest, the land throughout England was scattered among 2,000 lords of all ranks, with the exception of the direct crown and ecclesiastical domains. By the autumn of 1047, when William had put down the rebellion in England, there were only about 200 large landowners left in the country, and the Norman nobility undoubtedly accounted for the vast majority (the only native nobleman was the Duke of Northumbria, Osovbamburg, and his land income was pitiful).

Surveys also show that the Norman Conquest led to the emergence of serfdomized free tenant farmers in England, which was also very different from the English era.

There are 80 cities, the largest city is London, with a population of 15,000, the second largest city is Winchester, with a population of more than 10,000, and the third largest city is York, with a population of 6,000 to 8,000 towns such as York, Norwich, Lincoln, and Warwick.

The survey also showed that the total income from English rent in 1047 was £86,000, of which two-fifths belonged to the 160 Norman nobles, one-half to the royal family of William, and the rest to the fifty high priests.

The original Anglo-Saxons, needless to say, the commoners, and even the original nobles, their lands were all taken away by the Normans and taken for themselves.

Surveys also show the devastation of Britain during the Norman Conquest, and the Book of the Last Judgment shows that more than 800 places were wasteland.

Surveys also show that the Norman Conquest led to the emergence of serfdomized tenant farmers in England, which was also very different from the Wessex era.

The Kingdom of England alone provided more than £45,000 to William and the Norman royal family, and together with the Norman kingdom's revenue, the revenue from the rent and taxes of the crown lands alone exceeded £90,000.

And that's not counting William's profits from the Normandy consortium, which would have earned more than £200,000.

Of course, William usually excluded the rent and commercial income of the royal domain when deciding on the financial expenditure, and used to pay for military and administrative expenses from the taxes contributed by the vassals, agricultural taxes, commercial taxes, duties and fines.

This is also the system designed by William to separate the national revenue from the royal income, and a country's fiscal expenditure needs to be supported by taxes, rather than relying on the monarch's private income.

William's vast sums of money could be temporarily lent to the kingdom for fiscal expenditure, but sufficient collateral was required, which could even include tax powers.

Since the country belongs to William and the Normandy family, why does he play such a left-handed and right-handed game?

William has seen many examples of dynasties being destroyed, too many kings have completely lost their crowns, such as the Normandy dynasty in history, which was replaced by the Plantagenet dynasty after only three generations of monarchs, and he did not think that his family could maintain the rule of the Norman kingdom and the kingdom of England forever.

There is no such thing as an immortal dynasty, this is an unbreakable truth.

William left behind a huge asset, borrowed money from the government to control the currency, finance, and finance of a kingdom, and became the king behind the country like the Federal Reserve, which he left to future generations to rely on.