In the inquiry room, whether it was Meng Ke, who was debating with Dai Yan, or the father and son of King Qi and the scholars who were watching around, after hearing Dai Yan's rebuttal, everyone fell into a deathly silence. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

These people are extremely puzzled, this Ziyan is the son of the Song Kingdom, the lord of Fengyi, the noble status, and the low-level common people are worlds apart, why do they know so much about the life of the low-level common people?

For these people, whether it is the King of Qi or the scholars of Zhongjixia, although everyone has come into contact with the common people at the bottom, if they really know how much they know about the lives of the common people, it is definitely looking up to them!

Like everyone present, they can be called the elite of this era, and there may be people in the elite who sympathize with the common people at the bottom, but the characteristics of their school determine that they will not really speak for the common people at the bottom.

In the whole world, there are only two schools of thought that are exceptions: the Mohist and the Peasant. Dai Yan accepted the allegiance of the Mo family and the peasant family, and also sent these disciples of the Mo family and the peasant family out in the governance of Fengyi, and he would even personally observe the lives of the common people, plus he had the experience of being a commoner in later generations, so he could understand the life of the common people at the bottom so well!

Although Meng Ke's early life was a little difficult, after all, after all, he was a nobleman, and he did not really fall to the point of needing to farm by himself. Therefore, although he has the most valuable pragmatic spirit of Confucianism, it is only natural that he should be defeated in pragmatism when he encounters the Mohists and peasant schools that directly face the people at the bottom and most directly understand the needs of the people at the bottom.

In addition to the fact that he was more pragmatic than Mencius, the most crucial part of Dai Yan's ability to break through Mencius's theories is that Mencius may have been a genius political philosopher, but he was not a qualified economist!

Mencius has the same place in Chinese history as Plato has in Western history, and Plato constructed the ideal state. Mencius also constructed this perfect natural economic model, and the economy of China's vast regions for more than 2,000 years largely operated according to the model proposed by Mencius. Even though some dynasties developed economically and even saw the germ of capitalism in some regions, the vast regions of China still followed this model of natural economy, but did not go beyond the framework constructed by Mencius.

However, neither Plato nor Mencius could be regarded as formal economists after all, so the natural economic model proposed by Mencius, the concept of governing the country with the goal of achieving the royal way, was actually more of a political ideal. Not to mention that it is difficult to realize, there are actually a lot of loopholes.

Dai Yan still formally studied economics in later generations, and he still surpassed Mencius in his understanding of the economy. It is not difficult for Dai Yan to find the loopholes in his concept and then use facts to defeat them.

And for Dai Yan, it is imperative to defeat Confucianism! In the Chinese civilization dominated by Confucianism, the entire ideological circle is dominated by agriculture, so how can the Chinese civilization evolve from an agricultural civilization to an industrial civilization?

When Dai Yan Meng continued to think about it, Meng Ke broke the silence and asked Dai Yan, "So how does Gongzi think the state should be governed?" ”

In Mencius's view, the method of governing the country he proposed was vetoed by the opposite prince, which means that the opposite prince is attacking and he is defending, which puts him at a natural disadvantage. Now, he asks the other party a question in turn, then he is attacking and the other party is defending!

Dai Yan is not afraid of this! He put it bluntly: "To govern a state is, of course, to make it strong. The rule of three generations, the prosperity of the world, and the strength of the country, do they rely on the mandate of heaven? Definitely! From the boy's point of view, the rule of three generations still depends on the rule of man!

In the following opinion: the people are precious, the community is secondary, and the monarch is light. Therefore, the people of the hill are the sons of heaven, the sons of heaven are the princes, and the princes are the doctors. In a state, the people of the hill are the most numerous, and they are also the most difficult to subdue, so it is the most important and the most difficult to get the people.

In the child's view, if you want to win the hearts of the common people for your own use, you must make the common people live a better life, that is, the governance of the country must be in line with the interests of the common people. On the one hand, in order to make the lives of the common people prosperous, on the other hand, it is necessary to protect the wealth of the common people from being violated.

There is a choice in governing the state. In order to make the common people prosperous, there are two ways: one is to lead the common people to plunder the wealth of others for their own use, and the other is to develop the productive forces.

To protect the wealth of the common people from infringement, it is necessary to do two things, one is that the monarch should restrain his own desires and not arbitrarily infringe on the wealth of the common people; The other is to protect the wealth of the common people from being plundered by other countries.

When the people of the country are rich, they will inevitably cherish their homeland, and if they cherish their homeland, they will know to respect the monarch and fear punishment, so that the common people will be easy to govern. With a rich and respectful citizen, why should the country not be strong? ”

Dai Yan said several opinions succinctly, including even concepts that only existed in Mencius's own thoughts, so that Mencius did not know how to oppose it for a while.

Then he grabbed one of the questions and asked, "Dare to ask Childe, what do you mean by developing productive forces?" ”

"Productivity is the ability of a society to create wealth." Dai Yan said lightly, "In ancient times, people lived by hunting and gathering, and their lives were very difficult. In the boy's view, this is low productivity, that is, the ability to create wealth is extremely low. By the third generation, the sages began to grow food and raise livestock for a living. In the boy's view, the ability to create wealth has increased, and the same land can support more people, which is also an increase in productivity. ”

When Mencius heard this, he had confidence in his heart. In fact, there are still many peasant ideas in this scientific school, and he has refuted Chen Xiang before, so what is he afraid of now? So he immediately began to retort: "What is the meaning of the productivity of my Dao son, it turns out that it is just to attach importance to craftsmen and farmers.

The affairs of the world have the affairs of adults and the affairs of villains. And those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people, and the general righteousness of the world is also. The most important thing in governing a country is to rely on the laborers, on those sages who are worried about the world, not on these little people who have mastered their skills. Regarding this point, Chen Xiang, a peasant disciple beside Gongzi, had put forward a similar point of view before, and he had already refuted it below. If Childe doesn't know, you can ask him again. ”

The scholars around who heard Mencius's words also burst into laughter, apparently they all knew that Mencius had defeated the peasants.

Dai Yan didn't care at all about everyone's laughter, he smiled slightly, and continued: "I already knew that Mencius refuted the peasant's point of view. However, Mencius does not seem to have heard the meaning of the following, which is to attach importance to technology and the improvement of productivity, not to say that we must follow the policy of the sage and the people to cultivate and eat together, and to rule by food, but to really attach importance to technology.

Before answering this question, I would like to ask Mencius: If you are in the present situation today, is it better or worse? ”

As soon as Mencius heard this question, he immediately became serious and said: "The world is known as the Warring States Period, and there is no war without any year!" The major powers in the world are all fighting for land and killing people; Fight for the city, kill the city! Throughout history, there has never been a time worse than now! ”

When Dai Yan heard Mencius's words, he looked noncommittal. He said: "Mencius's words, I will never agree with them! Although it is said that the order is unbalanced today, so that the nations attack each other. However, to say that today is the worst of times, Mencius's words are too much!

Looking at the bottom of the world, although the order has collapsed, the national strength of all countries is growing rapidly! In the Spring and Autumn Period, the country of a thousand times is a great power, and Jin Chu is a big country of three thousand times, which is the overlord of the world.

In today's era, countries like South Korea and Zhongshan have become weak countries in the world; However, the countries of Qi, Qin, and Chu appeared one after another. King Wu was defeated, and the troops led by him were no more than 300 cars, 3,000 tigers, and less than 50,000 soldiers, and this was already all the strength of the Zhou Dynasty!

And in today's era, the war between the great powers of the world, 10,000 cars, 100,000 soldiers, hundreds of thousands of farmers who provide logistics for the army, and so many manpower have been mobilized, but the country still has not collapsed! Such a thing, if it is placed in the Spring and Autumn Period, is absolutely unthinkable!

And why is there such a change in the world? In the boy's view, this is nothing more than a great improvement in the productivity of the whole world!

From a boy's point of view, today's world is the worst era, but also the best era! ”