Meng Zhianti did not like to boast about himself, and when the army was defeated and retreated, he stayed at the end to cover the whole army; When he was about to enter the city gate, he whipped his horse and said embarrassedly: "It is not that I dare to be the queen, but that my horse is not fast." A person, if he does not have the eloquence of Zhu Tuo and the beauty of the Song Dynasty, it is still a difficult thing to gain a foothold in today's society. Confucius warned Zi Xia: You must be a gentleman among Confucianism, and you must not be a villain among Confucianism. Ziyou became the prefect of Wucheng, and Confucius asked him: Did you get the help of talents in that place? Ziyou replied: There is a man named Tantai Mingming, he has never taken the wrong path, and he will not come to my house without official business.

Confucius said: How can you go out of the room without going through the door? Why hasn't anyone followed the path I have pointed out? To be a man, if you are more simple than literary, you will be as vulgar as a countryman; If there is more literary style than simplicity, it will be hypocritical and exaggerated, and only when simplicity and literary style are properly coordinated can you be regarded as a gentleman. A person survives because of integrity, and an unrighteous person can survive, but he has avoided disaster by luck. He who understands this thing is not as good as a person who loves it, and he who loves it is not as good as a person who takes pleasure in doing it. A person with intermediate or higher intelligence can give him advanced knowledge; If you are below the middle level, don't give him advanced knowledge.

Fan Chi asked Confucius for advice on how to behave wisely, and Confucius told him that it would be wise to devote oneself to promoting the morals that the common people should follow, and to respect ghosts and gods but to stay away from them. Fan Chi asked Confucius how to be benevolent, and Confucius replied: For difficult things, benevolent people always do it in front of ordinary people; When there is a harvest, benevolence always stands behind ordinary people. Confucius said: A wise man loves water, and a virtuous man loves mountains; A wise man likes to walk around, and a virtuous man likes to be quiet and meditative; Those who are wise are happy, and those who are virtuous live long. After a reform of the politics of the Qi State, it can reach the current state of Lu; After a reform of the politics of the Lu State, it will go hand in hand with the Tao.

If it doesn't look like a goblet, is it still a goblet? Zai asked Confucius: For a virtuous person, when someone tells him that a benevolent person has fallen from a well, will he jump down? Confucius replied: Only fools will jump down! A gentleman can go to the well to save him, but he will not fall into the well in one piece; A gentleman may be deceived for a while, but he cannot be deceived forever. The gentleman usually studied the ancient cultural classics extensively, and used etiquette to restrain himself, and after a long time, he could not deviate from the scriptures.

Confucius wanted to go to see Nanzi, but Zilu was unhappy and unwilling to let Confucius go. Confucius swore that if I do something wrong, let Heaven punish me! (Nanzi, Wei Linggong's wife, is thirty years younger than Wei Linggong, and her beauty is inclined to the world, and later generations have a very crisp evaluation of this great beauty, beautiful and chaotic.) Her style is not very good, not only is she habitually red apricot out of the wall, but she also likes to play with power, and Wei Linggong basically listens to her arrangement. Confucius went to see Nanzi, probably to persuade Wei Linggong to promote the way of governing the country through Nanzi, Zilu had an upright temperament, and he may not understand Confucius's intentions, so he insisted on blocking the teacher to meet such a woman. ）

As a kind of morality, moderation should be the highest, but unfortunately, people have lacked this morality for a long time. Zigong asked Confucius: If there is a person who can give a lot of benefits to the people and help the people, how do you feel about this person? Can it be considered a benevolent person? Confucius replied: Such a person is not only a benevolent person, but simply a saint! As far as you just said, it is difficult for even Yao and Shun to do it. The so-called benevolence means that you can stand up, and you must help everyone stand up together; If you want to live well yourself, you also want to help everyone live well together. Being able to start from the people and things around you, and to be able to push yourself and others, it can be said to be the direction of benevolence.

(7) "Narrative and Chapter"

The book consists of 38 chapters, which is one of the most quoted chapters in the study of Confucius and Confucianism, and mainly includes the main contents of the following aspects: "learn without being satisfied, teach others without tirelessness"; "Eat whole grains, drink cold water, bend your arms as pillows, and the fun is in it"; "I was so angry and worked so hard that I forgot to eat, I was so happy that I forgot all my worries, and I didn't even know that I was about to get old"; "A few people with the same hobbies must be my teacher"; "The gentleman is upright and open-minded, while the villain is calculating, suffering from gains and losses"; "Confucius is gentle and stern, majestic but not fierce, solemn and serene". This chapter presents Confucius's educational ideas and attitudes toward learning, as well as Confucius's further elaboration of important moral categories such as benevolence, as well as Confucius's other ideas and ideas.

Confucius said: I only expound but do not create, believe in and like ancient things, this is me, I privately compare myself to Lao Peng. (This needs to be explained here.) The originator of Taoism is Lao Tzu, it is said that the ancestor of Lao Tzu is Lao Peng Zu, and Lao Tzu, like Lao Peng Zu, is also talking but not doing. They took longevity as their goal, and finally abandoned their official positions, creating a precedent for cultivation in the world. After Lao Tzu abandoned the official, he planned to go out and walk around, he rode a green ox, and when he went out of Hangu Pass in the west, he was stopped by Hangu Pass Yin, Hangu Pass Guan Yin knelt down and begged Lao Tzu: Mr. is about to retire, why not write his own sage wisdom into a book and pass it on to future generations to benefit the world? Lao Tzu had no choice but to write down 5,000 words, give them to Guan Yin, and then go west. This 5,000-word book is the Tao Te Ching, which summarizes and expounds the thoughts of Peng Zu in the past dynasties, and has become the world's first philosophical monograph and the pinnacle of the philosophical world. ）

Silently remembering what I have learned, not thinking that learning is a boring thing, and teaching people knowledge never knows tiredness, these are not difficult for me. Many people do not pay attention to the cultivation of moral character, do not understand the importance of learning, and cannot do what is righteous, and cannot correct what is not good. When Confucius usually stayed at home, he was well-dressed, mild-mannered, and looked very leisurely. Confucius took Tao as his ambition, virtue as the foundation of life, and relied on benevolence to do things, and activities within the scope of the six arts. Confucius said: It seems that I have aged very much, and I have not dreamed of Zhou Gong for a long time.