Who said that Weishenggao is straightforward? Someone asked him for some vinegar, but he didn't directly say no, but secretly went to a neighbor's house to ask for some for others. Rhetoric, pretending to be good-looking, posing as a greeting, and being overly respectful, Zuo Qiu Ming thinks this kind of person is shameful, and I also think it is shameful; Hiding resentment in his heart, but pretending to be friendly on the surface, Zuo Qiu Ming thinks this kind of person is shameful, and I also think it is shameful. Confucius said: I have not seen such a person who can take the initiative to discover his mistakes and can blame himself from the heart in order to make amends.

Once, Yan Hui and Zilu stood beside Confucius, and Confucius asked them: Today is an opportunity, why don't you each talk about your ambitions? Zilu was the first to reply: I am willing to take out my own chariots, horses, clothes, and leather robes, and share them with my friends, even if they are broken, I will not complain; Yan replied: I am willing not to boast of my strengths, and not to talk about my merits; When the two of them had finished speaking, Zilu saw that Confucius was silent, so he asked Confucius: Master, we are willing to hear your ambitions; Confucius replied: My ambition is to reassure the elderly, to make my friends trust me, and to let the young children receive the care they deserve. Confucius said: No matter how small a village is, even if there are only ten households, there must be a faithful person like me, but he is not as studious as me.

(6) "Yongye Chapter"

The Yongye Chapter consists of 30 chapters, among which the famous sentences are: "Confucius praised Yan Hui for his noble character, a bamboo cage of rice and a scoop of cold water every day, and lived in a dilapidated house in a slum area"; "If there is more simplicity than literature, it will look vulgar, and if there is more simplicity than simplicity, it will appear exaggerated, and only if the ratio of simplicity and literature is appropriate, can you be called a gentleman"; "For learning, people who know how to learn are not as good as people who love to learn, and people who love learning are not as good as people who take pleasure in learning"; "Honor the spirits but stay away from them"; "If you want to be able to stand on your own, you must make others stand on your own, and if you want everything to work, you must also make others work." There are many chapters in this article that talk about Yan Hui, which shows that Confucius has a high opinion of him.

Ran Yong is a person, you can let him be an official. Ran Yong once asked Confucius for advice: Master, what do you think of Zisang Bozi? Confucius replied: This person is okay, and his work is simple and not cumbersome; Ran Yong then asked: Isn't it good to consciously be respectful, serious, and concise in their actions, and to govern the people like this? But if you are so-so and do things in a simple way, wouldn't it be too simple? Confucius said approvingly: You are very right! Lu Aigong asked Confucius: Among your many students, who is the best learner? Confucius replied: There was a student named Yan Hui, he was the best learner, he never got angry with others, he never made the same mistake, unfortunately, he died a short life; There is no one like Yan Hui now, and I have never heard of anyone who is studious anymore.

Gong Xichi sent an envoy to the Qi country, and Ran You asked Confucius for some grain rice for Gong Xichi's mother; Confucius said: Give him six buckets and four liters; Ran You felt that it was a little little, and asked Confucius to add more; Confucius wanted to add two more buckets and four liters to him, but Ran You gave him an extra eighty Hu; When Confucius found out, he reprimanded: When Gongxi Chi went to the state of Qi, he rode in a chariot driven by a fat horse and wore a warm and light leather robe; I've heard that a gentleman is only for those who are in need of relief, not for the rich! Yuan Si was the head of Confucius's family, and Confucius gave him 900 rice, but Yuan Si refused; Confucius advised: Don't shirk, if there is any excess, give it to the villagers.

Confucius commented on Yan Hui like this: Yan Hui is a person, his mind can not leave benevolence for a long time, and the rest of the students can only achieve benevolence in a short period of time. Confucius commented on Ran Yong: The calf produced by the ploughing ox has red hair and neat horns, and although people do not want to use it as a sacrifice, the god of mountains and rivers will not abandon it. (The meaning of this sentence is that one's origin is not the most important, but the important thing is that oneself should have noble character and outstanding talents, and those who have such conditions will naturally be reused.) ）

Ji Kangzi asked Confucius: Can Zilu let him manage the country's political affairs? Confucius replied: Zilu is decisive in his work, and there is no problem in letting him manage the affairs of the country; Ji Kangzi asked again: What about Zigong? Confucius replied: Zigong is well versed in affairs, and there is no problem; Ji Kangzi finally mentioned Ran You, and Confucius replied: Ran You is very talented and competent. The Ji family sent someone to ask Min Ziqian to be the governor of Feiyi, and Min Ziqian told the person who came to invite him: Please excuse me well! If you call me again, I will definitely run to Wenshui!

(Min Ziqian was a high-ranking disciple of Confucius, and his virtue was called along with Yan Hui in Confucius, and he was one of the seventy-two sages.) He is praised mainly for his filial piety, he is one of the twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, and Confucius bluntly praised Min Ziqian's filial piety. There is such a small story about Min Ziqian's filial piety: Min Ziqian brothers had a total of two people, and after their mother died, their father married another stepmother, and the stepmother later gave birth to two more children. Min Ziqian once drove for his father, the reins fell from his hand, and his father inadvertently held his hand and found that his hand was cold. Looking at the cotton clothes he was wearing, the cotton cloth was not stuffed with cotton at all, but reed flowers. Only then did his father know that Min Ziqian had been abused by his stepmother, and he never mentioned it. ）

(When Min Ziqian's father came home, he called his wife's two children and shook their hands, which were warm and the clothes he wore were thick.) He said to his wife, "The reason why I married you is for the sake of my children, and now you have deceived me and made my children cold, so go away and do not stay in this house any longer." Min Ziqian hurriedly stepped forward and said: If my mother stays at home, I will be the only child who will be cold; If the mother leaves us, all four children will be frozen! Min Ziqian's father was silent after hearing this, and his stepmother also regretted it at this time. ）

How noble Yan Hui's quality is! A spoonful of rice, a scoop of water, a humble house, no one else can endure this kind of poverty and hardship, but he has never changed his interest in learning. Bo Niu fell ill, and Confucius went to visit him; Confucius held Bo Niu's hand from outside the window and said, "The loss of this person is fate!" How could such a person get such a disease! Ran You said helplessly: It's not that I don't like what you preached, but my ability is not enough, and I can't learn; After hearing this, Confucius enlightened him and said: If you are not capable, you only stop halfway, and now you have already drawn a line for yourself and do not want to move forward.