No. 378 Is the path of land reform wrong?

"Sir, the ship is already anchored in Anqing. The guards also arranged a guard on the docks. The chairman of Anhui Province and the chief official of the provincial government were waiting on the dock to be summoned. ”

It was Zhao Sanmei who spoke, and she and her sister Zhao Xianger's hard life had come to an end. Of course, the military position has not been restored, and the conduct and ethics of the two of them are problematic, so how can they serve the people? Let's just give private service to the Chang Da revolutionary. The two sisters are now Chang Ruiqing's personal attendants, as long as Chang Ruiqing does not sleep with his wife and concubines in his arms, one of their sisters will always follow the revolutionary with a pistol! Basically, it was the last line of defense against the revolutionaries! In addition to these two, Chang Ruiqing has recently had a very likable-looking little Lori by his side, which is Sun Yuexun, who is said to be Sun Yat-sen's illegitimate daughter. She had just graduated from the sixth telecommunications class of the Central Military Academy, but she did not serve in the army, but became Chang Ruiqing's personal confidant like the Zhao sisters, and her identity was a private secretary, uh, very personal......

The three women accompanied Chang Ruiqing on patrol this time. Now that the rule of the Standing Committee Chairman in China has gradually stabilized, and all military and political work has been put on track, although the two parties and the four factions (the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have two factions, the left and the right) are inevitably bumpy in the government and parliament. But with Chang Ruiqing firmly in control of the army and the spies, their struggle could only slowly follow the parliamentary line, and Chang Ruiqing also intended to guide them in this direction -- as for the kind of harmonious reunion regime, our Chang Da revolutionaries were very disdainful.

After the government was put on track, Chang Ruiqing's own work burden was not so heavy. After all, the current Nationalist Government and the National Defense Force are the top talents in China in this era. There is also a nice power structure of mutual checks and controls. How can such a regime play a positive role that exceeds the ability of the individual revolutionary?

Moreover, after the continuous packaging and advocacy of the Iron and Blood Comrades Association and the Zuomin Youth League in the past two years, Chang Ruiqing has gradually begun to move towards the altar of God -- although he is ready to let China take the road of democratic constitutionalism, this does not mean that China no longer needs God! In a country that has been feudal for thousands of years, what the people need is not a democratic constitution, but a Ming monarch who is similar to a god, and now Chang Ruiqing is ready to play such a role.

A Ming Jun naturally shouldn't always stay in the deep palace and be with women. It is also very necessary to go out to tour the north and south of the country, so that all the people in the world can see the leader's demeanor. Besides, Chang Ruiqing also has such capital, and his appearance looks like a great leader, so he went on patrol this time. All in all, it was very successful. But some problems were also discovered, which made Chang Ruiqing now gloomy and unhappy.

The waiting team on the Anqing Wharf was naturally blowing and fighting, and the gongs and drums were noisy, and they did enough pomp. Bai Liewu, chairman of Anhui Province, was a member of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Central Committee, but he was not a real Bolshevik, but a person on Wang Yaqiao's line, who turned out to be the head of the People's Army. After Sun Yat-sen's death, Chang Ruiqing was entrusted with important responsibilities after taking power. But now. The chairman of Bai University had a worried expression on his face, and with a few staff members on the dock, he craned his neck and looked at Chang Ruiqing's ship Yongfeng, as if he had heard something bad.

After waiting for a while, I saw Zeng Qi, the first director of Chang Ruiqing's attendant room, walking down the gangway with a smile and arching his hand towards Bai Liewu. "Chairman Bai, the commission has been a tiring journey, and today I will rest on the Yongfeng, so you can disperse first."

Bai Liewu nodded, and asked Zeng Qi with a smile on his face, "Director Zeng." I heard that the commission lost his temper during a private visit to Weifu in southern Anhui...... Any idea why? ”

Zeng Qi shook his head and smiled bitterly. "Of course, the antrum of the commission is for the sake of the people's suffering, southern Anhui is also a rich place in China after all, and the land reform was completed 2 years ago, it stands to reason that the life of the people at the bottom should be better, but ...... Alas, still too poor. The life of the peasants was too hard. ”

Bai Liewu sighed softly, spread his hands, and said, "It's not! Farmers are always the hardest, and they can only be full in a good year. If you catch up with the disaster year, you have to sell your sons and daughters. It is good in southern Anhui, but it is still poor in northern Anhui, and when it comes to farming, there are groups of people who go out to beg for food. ”

"The chairman of the committee also saw that there are still many children who should go to school and study, so they came out to ask for food, what will they do when they grow up in the future."

After saying this, Zeng Qi also shook his head and sighed. It is not that it is not because of the poverty and begging for food in rural China - for a Chinese living in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is not surprising to see such a scene of extreme poverty, but it is strange not to see it. What really annoyed him was that Chang Ruiqing would stretch his face when he saw this scene of poverty, he would not be in a good mood all day, and he would scold the people around him for no reason! I don't know what is wrong?

After the military and political officials and celebrities and gentry of Anhui Province on the dock dispersed, Chang Ruiqing changed into civilian clothes and went to the bow of the boat, and exhaled heavily at the sunset and green mountains in the distance.

The sowing of rice has already been completed, and the rice fields on the edge of the Yangtze River seem to be a sea of green, and the rice seedlings that are difficult to grow well rise and fall with the autumn wind seem to indicate another bumper harvest. In the past 1921, Anhui's agriculture reaped a bumper harvest. However, even in such a bumper year, after the realization of the land reform of "the cultivator will always be in his field", in the rural areas of southern Anhui and Jianghuai, which are still quite rich, can still only see shocking extreme poverty! Except for a very small number of big landlords, the peasants, including the so-called rich peasants and small landlords, were all in tattered clothes and yellow muscles, and they all looked malnourished -- Chang Ruiqing knew that these people all had two meals a day, and they also ate dry and thin food when they were busy, and they could only eat meat once during the Chinese New Year! As for the new clothes, I really don't know how many years it will take to make such a dress. And the appearance of the peasant workers at the bottom of China that Chang Ruiqing often saw in his previous life, if he was placed in this era, at least a large landlord with hundreds of acres of paddy fields could only have it.

This is still a rich rural area in Anhui, but if you go to those more impoverished and remote areas. Chang Ruiqing really didn't dare to imagine that kind of destitute Cheng dΓΉ. And this abject poverty is the foundation of the rising China now, the true face of the country under his rule. The deformed prosperity of the four free cities, and the grandiose construction scenes of several heavy industrial bases, are just a few modern windows, and if we cannot change the abject poverty in the countryside, I really don't know if the process of China's modernization will be interrupted by another vigorous social revolution -- this is what Chang Ruiqing is most worried about after the Soviet Union gradually turned to the ultra-left.

"Sir, there is a telegram from Nanjing." Little Lori's sweet voice interrupted Chang Ruiqing's thoughts. He looked back at the little beauty, who was a little shorter, but where the drum should be was well developed. plus a baby face carved out of pink jade, it really suits my taste. Chang Ruiqing's face was pulled all day, and it was rare to laugh. "Well, what's the news? Does it matter? ”

Little Lori looked around, but didn't see any idlers. So he reported: "The telegrams from the Sino-G International Mission to the GC and the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union are a matter of trade. The Soviet Union wanted to export large quantities of agricultural products to us, and at the same time import machinery and equipment from Western countries, and the annual transaction value could reach hundreds of millions of dollars. ”

"Hundreds of millions of dollars? How much grain are they going to sell to us? Chang Ruiqing was stunned for a moment, the price of grain in this year was very low, and the retail price of a hundred catties of rice on the market was only a dozen Chinese yuan. It is equivalent to three or four US dollars, and the wholesale price is ten Chinese dollars in the sky. If it is millet, a hundred catties will be five or six Chinese dollars, a ton is only a little more than a hundred, and the price in the international market is much cheaper! How much grain will be exported for hundreds of millions of dollars?

"The Soviets planned to export 10 million tons of grain to our country every year." Little Lori handed the telegram to Chang Ruiqing.

"Ten million tons? They don't eat on their own? He took the telegram and glanced at it, and the words "great famine" had already come to his mind.

"There is also one that was sent in the name of Zhong G and Secretary Zhou." Little Lori took out another telegram. "What collective farms did they mention, and they want to introduce them to our country......"

"Collectivization? The USSR still came to this point. Chang Ruiqing looked at the farmland in the distance, sighed softly, and said to Xiao Lori: "Now we have to take away half of the fruits of the farmers' hard work, which is already a lot, but some people are still not satisfied." ”

Little Lori blinked. didn't seem to understand Chang Ruiqing's words, but muttered: "In Japan, the agricultural tax is also very heavy, charged at three percent of the low price, accounting for almost one-third of the land income, and if it is a tenant who rents land, he has to pay about the same amount of land rent, so he is also very poor." The daughters of low-level peasant families are often sold......"

Chang Ruiqing shook his head helplessly. International trade in this era was not large. It is almost unrealistic to rely on sweatshops to accomplish the accumulation of industrialization. So the method of accumulation in the late-developing industrial countries is usually to squeeze agriculture! And whoever has the better ability to squeeze agriculture will be able to build industrialization first, and then turn slower-developing countries into colonies! Historically, the Meiji Restoration established a strong government and brutal exploitation at home. It became a capitalist industrial country one step ahead of China, thus turning China into an object of plunder! And the Soviet Union carried out the most ruthless expropriation of the peasants through the collectivization of agriculture! So their industrialization was also very rapid, and before World War II they were already the second largest industrial country in the world after the United States. As for China, the industrialization that began in the 50s was also achieved by squeezing the countryside, but at that time, there was already another way to develop industrialization by selling labor and engaging in labor-intensive industries in the world.

Thinking of this, he took a deep breath and said to Xiao Lori: "Xiaomei, go and send a telegram to Nanjing, tell Premier Chen, you can send a trade delegation to the Soviet Union to negotiate...... The principle is that the domestic agricultural market must be protected from shocks and profitable. In addition, an agricultural work conference is planned to be held in the near future, which will be held when Secretary Zhou returns from the Soviet Union. ”

……

"Your Excellency Prime Minister, the Soviet government has made a request to the Imperial Embassy in Moscow for large-scale trade cooperation."

Japanese Foreign Minister Kita Kazuki was also reporting the same thing to Yoshiichi Tanaka at this time. Tanaka Yoshiichi's face was a little uglier than Chang Ruiqing's, and the iron was so green that it was almost black. Since the outbreak of the "Polish-Prussian Liberation War," the Japanese prime minister's face has never looked good. It's not for any other reason. But the expression of the Soviet Red Army in this war was too brave! In just half a month, they "wiped out" a European country, and also seized East Prussia from the Germans, making the entire Western world tremble in front of this red steamroller!

Seeing the bravery of the Red Army, the Japanese Empire couldn't help but think of the Far Eastern State! That's what they took from Russia...... If the USSR could swallow this breath, absolutely no one believed it. Moreover, in the original Xianbeilian intervention war, the army was also defeated by the Soviet Russian Red Army, and finally relied on the extraordinary performance of the Chinese to barely maintain peace. But what about next time? Given the current pace of progress of the Soviet Red Army and the Soviet Union's ambitious heavy industry program, will Japan be able to win the next Russo-Japanese War?

As a result, the argument that "the Soviet Union poses a great threat" began to appear in Japanese newspapers and newspapers. The Army also took advantage of this reason to make a request for expansion. It is intended to expand the existing 20 divisions by another 50 per cent to 30 divisions. What's more, there are some completely brainless fools who have proposed the construction of the United Russian annexation, wanting to carve up China with the Soviet Union at the cost of returning the Far Eastern states...... Isn't this equivalent to letting Eastern Wu unite with Cao Wei to carve up Shu Han? When Shu Han is finished, can Dongwu still exist alone?

When Tanaka taught these fools a hard lesson, he also knew that the reason why the army kept coming up with such strange arguments was not really brainless. It's because you have friends in your backstage county that have passed away on February 1 this year...... Therefore, he must give the army more sweetness to appease them and let them continue to be the strong backing of his cabinet. However, it is necessary to give the army a bigger cake while taking into account the construction of the navy and the development of the Far East at the same time. The financial resources of the Japanese Empire were really stretched.

Tanaka sighed and put away his thoughts. He said to Kita Yihui: "Kita-kun, did the embassy say the requirements of the Soviet side?" ”

"The USSR wanted to export 5 million tons of grain to Japan a year."

"Nani? 5,000,000 tons!! Tanaka gasped, what was going on? Japan has a total population of less than 60 million, and consumes about 20 million tons of grain every year, and with the development of the Far Eastern State, Japan's domestic food supply is very sufficient. And 5 million tons of grain are worth at least more than 100 million dollars, where does Japan get so much foreign exchange to buy?

"No, no. It is impossible for Japan to import so many grains. Tanaka said, waving his hand.

"Your Excellency Prime Minister, the lower official built yì to buy, because the Soviet government said that it could export ...... to our country at a low price"

"Then you can't ask for it, it's dumping! Does dumping know? ”

"No, it's not dumping, it's a profitable business, and we can resell these grains to other countries. Then import the machine from the West and resell it to the Soviet Union. Xiaguan Jian set up a government-run trading company to do this business, so that there will always be a profit of two or three million dollars a year...... Isn't it enough to spend money on expanding the Army? And it was possible to pacify the USSR. ”

"But...... The Soviet Union will also get hundreds of millions of dollars in equipment every year, which is to quench its thirst! Tanaka said with a gloomy face.

"It doesn't matter, as long as it unites China. The empire was not afraid of the Soviet superiority on land. ”

……

At this moment, the night has gradually begun to cover the river, and there is only the sound of waves and tides on the Yangtze River in the Anqing section, and the Yongfeng gunboat is still quietly docked on the pier, gently undulating with the river.

Chang Ruiqing and Zeng Qi sat face to face on the Yongfeng in the official cabin specially prepared for him, the chairman of the committee, prepared a few side dishes and a few pots of wine, and were chatting while drinking, while Zhao Xianger and Xiao Lori were helping to warm the wine on the side.

β€œβ€¦β€¦ Dagang Village, Wuhu County, Anhui Province, had a total of 435 peasant households, 2,365 people, and a cultivated area of more than 7,800 mu before the implementation of the land reform of the perpetual tenant and permanent interest system. Among them, rich peasants and middle peasants accounted for 40 percent, small and medium-sized landlords accounted for 10 percent, and poor peasants and tenant farmers accounted for 50 percent. Thanks to the agrarian reform, more than 200 poor and tenant farmers in the village actually owned their own land, and the tax burden was reduced by about 10%. The tax burden on the former yeoman farmers and landlords has risen by about 5 per cent, but their lives have improved considerably as a result of rising food prices and an improved social environment, as well as the use of some advanced agricultural technologies. On the contrary, most of the original poor peasants and tenant farmers are still in abject poverty, and their living conditions have not improved significantly compared with those before the land reform, and some of them are not as good as they were before the reform......

Zeng Qi was holding a stack of reports and then briefing Chang Ruiqing on the situation -- this Dagang Village was an ordinary rural village in Anhui Province that Chang Ruiqing and his family visited, and of course it was also a depressing and dilapidated appearance.

"The situation is still not optimistic!" Chang Ruiqing shook his head and sighed. "It's good for a middle and lower farmer to have ten acres of land, even if it's a paddy field, it's four thousand catties of millet a year...... That is, more than 200 Chinese yuan, if you deduct the cost of farming and taxes, a farmer's annual work, can have an income of dozens of yuan, it is not bad. It is equivalent to two months' wages for ordinary workers in big cities, and if it is a skilled worker, it can be earned in one month. It seems that our path of perpetual tenant and perpetual land reform is still wrong! ”

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