Chapter 286
Gu Qingniao and Lan Ling came to the side of the abyss, and Lan Ling said, "It seems that the teleportation array leading to that place is in this one." ”
Looking at this abyss, Gu Qingniao's heart fluttered: "So how are we going to get in?" Do you just jump in? ”
Lan Ling thought about it, and also had no answer: "I had never thought that it would be like this before, I thought it would be a kind of door, or what kind of hollow, but it turned out to be an abyss after it arrived, which is very headache, I didn't expect this portal to enter so special, so dangerous, it surprised me a little when the time came, as for what should be going in like that, I think there should be any clues nearby, let's look for it first, if we don't find it, we will continue to think of a way." ”
So the two of them looked around the hole of the abyss for a long time, but they still didn't find any clues. Gu Qingniao looked at this deep pit, and her heart couldn't help but be shocked, she thought of the deep pit of the Heavenly Gate at the beginning, there didn't seem to be anything special in that deep pit, and it was also a space gate leading to another space.
It stands to reason that something like a sinkhole is unlikely to appear in a granite landscape. A sinkhole is a type of karst negative terrain developed in carbonate karst areas with steep walls, depths and calibers of up to hundreds of meters, with a huge volume and a bottom connected to an underground river (or there is evidence that the underground channel has migrated). Before 2001, it was used as a special case of karst funnel, and in 2001, Chinese scholars officially proposed to name this karst landform "sinkhole". In the early 80s of the last century, geologists discovered the "Big Rock Bay" and "Little Rock Bay" in China, which was the first large-scale funnel landform discovered in the world, and then with the continuous discovery of large karst funnel in southern China, such landforms have been deeply studied by scholars at home and abroad. Before 2001, Tiankeng was only a special name for the landscape of Xiaozhai Tiankeng in Fengjie County, Chongqing, and similar landforms had different names in various places, such as "Dragon Tank", "Stone Courtyard", "Shiwei", "Yanwan" and so on. In 2001, sinkholes were proposed by experts as a specialized karst term. Tiankeng Atlas (15 photos) In 2005, after a large-scale investigation by the International Karst Tiankeng Expedition Team in Chongqing and Guangxi, the term "Tiankeng" was unanimously recognized by the international karst academic community, and began to use the Chinese pinyin "tia".
ke
g. "Passage internationally. This is the following of the peak forest (FE
gli
) and peak plexes (Fe
gco
g), a third karst landform term defined by the Chinese and named in Chinese and pinyin. Until 2010, 78 sinkholes have been identified, two-thirds of which are located in China. On November 25, 2016, a rare large-scale sinkhole group was found in Han, Shaanxi, including 49 sinkholes (1 super one, 17 large, 31 conventional), more than 50 funnels with a diameter of 50-100 meters, more than 50 caves, and more than 60 other karst landforms such as peaks, depressions, stone forests, ground cracks, canyons, lakes, and stone buds. Among them, the largest diameter is 520 meters (Zhenba Sanyuan Circle Cliff Sinkhole). There are two types of genesis of sinkholes formed in carbonate rock formations, namely collapse type and erosion type. Sinkhole collapse type sinkhole The karst sinkhole caused by the collapse is the most important type found in China at present, and it has an absolute advantage in quantity, such as Xiaozhai sinkhole, Dashiwei sinkhole group, Xiaoyanwan sinkhole, Longgang sinkhole, etc. The collapse sinkhole is formed by the continuous collapse of the rock layer and reaching the surface due to the strong dissolution and erosion of the underground river. Its development is from underground to the surface, and has gone through several main stages: underground river tunnels, underground collapse halls, and surface sinkholes. The formation of collapsed sinkholes should meet the following necessary conditions: there are carbonate rock layers with continuous sedimentation and huge thickness, and there are extensive continuous outcrops and distributions; The horizontal to gentle occurrence of the rock strata, especially the wide and flat anticline axis is the most favorable; The thickness of the drainage datum and aquifer is more than 50-200 m. Tropical to subtropical climate conditions with warm humidity and rain; Aquifers contain powerful power systems with powerful input and output of matter and energy. [3] Sinkhole erosion sinkhole Erosion sinkhole is a sinkhole or blind valley sinkhole formed under special geological, geomorphological and hydrological conditions. Only two cases have been identified so far. The development conditions should be as follows: the upper and lower parts should have a huge thick superimposed structure of non-karst and karst rock layers, and be widely exposed in the upstream and downstream respectively; The rock strata are horizontal to flat on the whole; There is an aquifer aeration zone with a thickness of 100-200 m in the lower karstified strata; Tropical to subtropical climate conditions with warm humidity and rain; There is a history of continuous crustal rise for hundreds of thousands of years. Xiaozhai Tiankeng One of only three super sinkholes in the world (both more than 500 meters deep and wide), located in Xiaozhai Village, Jingzhu Township, 91 kilometers away from Fengjie County. The ground elevation of the pit mouth of the Xiaozhai Tiankeng is 1331 meters, the depth is 666.2 meters, the diameter of the pit mouth is 622 meters, and the diameter of the pit bottom is 522 meters. The pit wall is steep on all sides, and there is a path to the bottom of the pit on the northeast cliff. The pit wall has two levels of terraces: a first-class terrace located at a depth of 300 meters, 2-10 meters wide, with two houses on the terrace, where people once lived in seclusion; The other level of terrace is located at a depth of 400 meters, in the form of a slope, the slope is overgrown with vegetation and wildflowers, and the pit wall has several hanging springs flying down the bottom of the pit. There is an underground river under the bottom of the pit, and the Xiaozhai sinkhole is a "skylight" of the underground river. The Xiaozhai sinkhole and the Tianjing Gorge belong to the same karst system, and the underground river water at the bottom of the sinkhole is replenished by the Tianjing Gorge and discharged from the Maze Gorge. The underground river from the Tiankeng to the exit of Maze Gorge is about 4 kilometers long. Xiaozhai Tiankeng is known as "the first pit in the world" and is one of the wonders of caves in the world today. Tiankeng, Sichuan Tiankeng Since September 2012, a bottomless "sinkhole" with a diameter of about 20 meters has appeared in a corn field in Group 6 of Sanmei Village, Gongnong Town, Lizhou District, Guangyuan. According to nearby villagers, the "sinkhole" was formed after six days and six nights of collapse, but the cause of its formation is not clear. The "sinkhole" is about 20 meters in diameter, and the maximum depth of the pit where the mud layer can be seen is about 15 meters, and there is no light further down. In order to test the depth of the pit, someone picked up a stone weighing about 2 catties and threw it into the pit, only to hear the sound of "pop, pop, pop......" continued and became smaller. "The stone did not reach the bottom, and the 'pop' sound was that it touched other stones in the pit, and it is impossible to estimate how deep this pit is." According to Huang Dajin, a villager who lives near the "Tiankeng", the place where the "Tiankeng" appeared was his family's cornfield, and there were only three households in the vicinity, and their home was about 200 meters away from the place where the "Tiankeng" appeared. "The first time it fell was in early September last year, and it was around 9 p.m., when I heard the "rumble" of mud and stones hitting together, and I thought it was an earthquake, but because the house was not moving, I didn't get up to check it. The cattle at home were tied to a tree near the 'sinkhole', and the cattle barked all night that night. Huang Dajin said, "It rang like this for almost 6 days and 6 nights, and this big crater with a diameter of about 20 meters was formed." [4] At about 0:40 a.m. on December 12, 2013, the third group of Pingxi Township, Chaotian District, Guangyuan City, suddenly subsided, causing a sinkhole about 60 meters long, more than 40 meters wide, and more than 30 meters deep. 11 old houses of local villager Wang Jiashun were buried, the newly built buildings cracked into dangerous houses, and an old house of Wang Jiafu's family was collapsed, but fortunately no one was injured. The collapse continues to widen. On January 5, 2014, a road under construction in Binhe New Town, Xinpu District, Lianyungang City, suddenly collapsed, and then a huge "sinkhole" was formed, and road construction was forced to stop. The reporter learned that the "sinkhole" is located in a phosphate mine area on the side of the road, about 70 meters away from the newly built road, and the new road has a 500-meter section through the "goaf" of the phosphate mine. After the incident, the phosphate mine immediately reported to a number of relevant departments and took effective preventive measures. At present, the solution to the disposal of "sinkholes" and the next step of road safety is being further demonstrated. The picture shows a "sinkhole" with a diameter of more than 100 meters. [5] In 1998, when the Ministry of Land and Resources conducted a land resources survey in Leye County, Baise District, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it discovered a rare geological wonder in the world—Karst Funnel Group, also known as Leye Tiankeng Group. The area is a typical karst landform (i.e., karst landform). The large amount of precipitation provides good conditions for the development of underground caves. Located in Leye County, Guangxi, China, the Leye Tiankeng Group covers an area of about 20 square kilometers. More than 20 sinkholes have been preliminarily discovered, such as large stone polders, white holes, wind rock caves, and piercing holes. The sinkhole is surrounded by knife-like cliffs on all sides, forming a huge shaft, the bottom of which is hundreds of thousands of square meters of primeval forest that has never been set foot in by humans, and is connected by an underground river. There are a large number of precious species of flora and fauna in the forest. Its underground primeval forest area is the first in the world, the depth ranks second in the world, and the volume ranks third in the world, which has extremely high scientific research value. The Leye Tiankeng Group is the largest Tiankeng Group in the world, and the nearly 20 Tiankeng Groups that have been discovered so far include almost all types of Tiankeng Complex, which is a "Tiankeng Museum" and "World Karst Holy Land". The largest Dashiwei sinkhole in the Leye Tiankeng Group has a vertical depth of 613 meters, a north-south width of 420 meters, and an east-west direction of 600 meters. Dashiwei Tiankeng (also known as Leye Underground Dragon Palace Tianlongkou) is located in Baiyan Jiaotun, Shujiao Village, Tongle Town, Leye County, Guangxi Province, China. According to the GPS earth satellite measuring instrument, the depth of the Dashiwei sinkhole is 613 meters, the length of the pit mouth is 600 meters from east to west, the width is 420 meters from north to south, and the volume is about 80 million cubic meters. The area of the primeval forest at the bottom of the pit reaches more than 100,000 square meters, ranking first in the world. The vertical height and volume are second only to the Xiaozhai Tiankeng in Chongqing, China, ranking second in the world. The discovery of the world-class "Tiankeng Group" geological relics of Hanzhong Tiankeng Group in Shaanxi Province not only fills the gap in the world's karst geological research, increases the original samples of biological research, but also greatly enriches the tourism resources of geological relics in China and even the world, and will become a new important tourist destination in China in the future. Through the in-depth investigation of the core area of more than 600 square kilometers, more than 200 geological relics have been newly discovered in the combination of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and the Yangtze Massif in the south of Hanzhong, including 49 sinkholes (1 super, 17 large, and 31 conventional), more than 50 funnels with a diameter of 50-100 meters, more than 50 caves, and more than 60 karst landforms such as peak clusters, depressions, stone forests, ground cracks, canyons, lakes, and stone buds. These relics are mainly distributed in four areas: Chanjiayan Town, Ningqiang County, Hanzhong City, Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County, Luojiaba Town, Xixiang County, and Sanyuan Town, Zhenba County. Among them, Sanyuan Town, Zhenba County and Xiaonanhai Town, Nanzheng County are the most densely populated, and the karst landform landscape form is the most complete, with the largest single scale of Zhenba Circle Cliff Sinkhole, the most typical Zhenba Tianhang Sinkhole, and the Nanzheng Boniu large sinkhole with primeval forest at the bottom of the pit. In addition, the concentration area of Luojiaba Town, Xixiang County, found the majestic Tiansheng Bridge and the largest hanging coffin site in Sichuan and Shaanxi during the Shang and Zhou dynasties - the "Shenxian Cliff" hanging coffin tomb. The geological relics of Hanzhong Tiankeng have three significant characteristics, from the material composition of the geological relics themselves, Tiankeng, stone forest, karst cave, etc. are all developed in ancient and hard carbonate rock strata. These formations have a high degree of diagenesis and strong compressive resistance, which provides favorable material conditions for them to maintain their natural state. From the perspective of the surrounding environment of geological relics, the core area of geological relics distribution, the terrain is dangerous, inaccessible, the karst system is complete, the ecosystem is good, all kinds of geological relics are maintained in the original state, natural state, natural state, basically not disturbed and destroyed by man, it is the most complete and natural state of the world-class geological relics. The Tiankeng cave retains abundant paleounderground river alluvium, secondary chemical sediments and gravity collapse deposits, which provide valuable materials for the study of the evolution of underground rivers and the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern part of the Qinling Mountains. In addition, the Tiankeng group provides special eco-geological conditions for the growth and development of some animals and plants, especially the discovery of endangered species such as flying squirrels, which provides an excellent place for studying the biodiversity, richness, complexity and uniqueness of Daba Mountain. [1] Tiankeng, Guangxi Tiankeng On November 17, 2019, the China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources announced the discovery of a world-class Tiankeng complex in Napo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The sinkhole group consists of 19 sinkholes, mainly distributed in Chengxiang Town and Longhe Township of Napo County, which is another world-class sinkhole group found in China after the Dashiwei sinkhole group and the Hanzhong sinkhole group. The volume of these sinkholes is more than one million cubic meters, and they are well preserved, some of them are developed on the plateau at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, and some are distributed in a bead-like pattern along the trajectory of the underground river. Winter Park Sinkhole The Winter Park Sinkhole was formed in 1981 under one of the city's public swimming pools, possibly caused by water seeping into the soil below through small cracks in the bottom of the pool. Because Florida's soil is sandy, even the aquatic plants around the pool can slowly wash away enough soil to erode the solid limestone layer below. Sinkhole Marbury Sinkhole The 185-foot (56-meter) deep sinkhole appeared in 1994 in the city of Marbury, Florida, where it collapsed at the mining company IMC-Ag
A pile of waste dumped by the ICO. The company was mining the rock at the time to extract phosphate. Phosphate is a chemical that is the main component of fertilizers, mainly used to make phosphoric acid, as well as to enhance the taste of soda and various food products. However, after the phosphate is extracted from the rock, the waste material, which is mainly gypsum, is filtered out as a slurry. As the layers of plaster are dried, cracks are formed, like those that appear on the dry mud. Later, the water continued to flow in the cracks, sweeping away the subsurface material and creating the conditions for the formation of sinkholes. The Unsinkable Pit The "Unsinkable Pit" in Alabama is a limestone crater about 50 feet (about 15 meters) deep that is home to rare ferns. In the 90s, a group of cavers bought the crater and in this way preserve this natural wonder for future generations. SinkholeGuatemala Sinkhole Guatemala Sinkhole In 2007, a similar sinkhole appeared in Guatemala City, which was about 60 feet (18 meters) in diameter and 300 feet (100 meters) deep. Sinkhole Pischer's Trap Years of zinc and lead mining have left Pischer's ground near the Oklahoma-Kansas border plastered with pits, including the one pictured in 2008. Some mines are too close to the ground during excavation and the top cannot support the weight of the soil above, eventually leading to collapse. "There have also been pits near coal mines in Missouri and western Pennsylvania," said Guuzer of Missouri. Our mining technology is getting higher and higher, and the top is large enough to support the weight of the soil above. ”
Chinese and French scientific research experts recently carried out the first joint scientific expedition around the discovery of groundwater geological resources at the bottom of the sinkhole by scientific expedition personnel in Donglan, and the length of the underground cave was 16.5 kilometers, and a sinkhole with a depth of more than 400 meters was discovered, which is rare in China. Jean Portasi, the leader of the Sino-French joint scientific expedition team and the secretary general of the French Cave Exploration Alliance Association, said that for 8 days, the Chinese and French scientific expedition personnel jointly carried out scientific exploration activities in 12 caves (sinkholes) in Wuzhen Township, Simeng Township, Lanmu Township and other places in Donglan County. [7] The expedition team found that the underground caves in Donglan County not only have complex geological structures, but also rich underground river resources, and some caves are connected to form a corridor landscape. Cave animals found by scientific expedition personnel (taken on March 2) There are also stalactites, flowing water, waterfalls, lakes and so on of different shapes in the caves. The scientific expedition personnel also found a group of sinkholes around the Simeng Pastoral Scenic Area, one of which is about 420 meters deep, which is rare in China. [7] On March 3, 2016, the expedition personnel entered the sinkhole. During the expedition, the scientific expedition personnel found bats, flower snakes, purple catfish, and unknown multivertebrates and flowers and other animals and plants, and for the first time found cave creatures in Guangxi. Scientific experts said that the initial expedition found that Donglan is very rich in geological resources, and then will also hand over the pictures of unknown species found in the expedition to animal and plant experts for scientific identification. [7] In 2016, the Hanzhong Tiankeng Group located in the Qinba Mountains was first discovered, pushing the latitude of the Tiankeng development to the northern end of the northern subtropics. By the end of 2017, there were 27 sinkhole groups found in the country with a distribution area of about 100km2, and the number of sinkholes reached 172, including 16 super-large sinkholes (sinkhole diameter greater than 500m or sinkhole volume greater than 50mm3). The largest of the 27 sinkhole groups is the Dashiwei sinkhole group in Leye, Guangxi, with 29 sinkholes distributed in an area of about 100km2.
Tiankeng is one of the largest individual forms formed by karst, which is formed by internal and external dynamic geological processes in a long geological history, and is scarce and non-renewable. It has great scientific value in karst and its related scientific research. The formation of sinkholes is closely related to karst hydrogeological processes and the evolution of aquifers, and the study of the formation mechanism of sinkholes, their distribution and evolution may lead to a great leap in people's understanding of the properties and evolution of aquifers. The study of sinkholes will contribute to the deepening and development of the understanding of the basic mechanisms of karst, especially the mechanisms of dissolution, erosion and collapse, and their interrelationships.
The space wormhole is also known as the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, also translated as cavity. It is a narrow tunnel that may exist in the universe that connects two different space-times. The concept of wormhole was first proposed by Austrian physicist Ludwig Flaim in 1916, and hypothesized by Einstein and Nathan Rosen in 1930 when studying the gravitational field equation, that instantaneous space transfer or time travel can be done through wormholes. The theory was developed by Albert Einstein. To put it simply, a "wormhole" is a thin tube of space-time that connects distant regions of the universe. Dark matter keeps the wormhole exit open. Wormholes can connect parallel universes to baby universes and offer the possibility of time travel. A wormhole may also be a space-time tunnel connecting a black hole and a white hole, so it is also called a "gray tunnel". Theoretically, a wormhole is a spatial tunnel connecting two distant space-times, like a whirlpool in the sea, which is ubiquitous but fleeting. These space-time vortices are caused by a combination of star rotation and gravity. Just as a whirlpool can bring a local water surface closer to the bottom of the water, two local spaces that are far apart can instantly get closer together. However, some people hypothesize that a strange substance can keep wormholes open, and others hypothesize that if there is a substance called phantom matter (Pha
tom matte
Because it has both positive energy and negative mass, it can create a repulsive effect to prevent the wormhole from closing. To date, scientists have not observed evidence of the existence of wormholes. In order to distinguish it from other types of wormholes, the commonly referred to as "wormholes" should be called "space-time holes".
The concept of "wormhole" was first proposed by Austrian physicist Ludwig Flem in 1916 [2] and refined by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen in 1935 [3-4], so the "wormhole" is also known as the "Einstein-Rosen Bridge" [5] . In general, the "wormhole" in people's mouth is the abbreviation of "space-time wormhole", which is considered to be a possible "shortcut" in the universe, through which objects can be transferred in time and space in an instant. However, Einstein himself did not believe that "wormholes" existed objectively, so in later decades, "wormholes" were considered to be just a "mathematical trick" [3] . In 1962, Robert. Fuller and John. Wheeler published a paper showing that wormholes are unstable if they connect two parts of the same universe [6]. In 1963, New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr proposed a hypothesis that regained theoretical support for the existence of "wormholes" [3]. Like humans, stars go through a process of birth, aging, sickness and death, and Kerr believes that if stars can keep rotating as they approach death, they will form the "dynamic black holes" we see in movies. When we launch an object along an axis of rotation like in the movie, if we can break through the gravitational field limit at the center of the black hole, we will enter the so-called "mirror universe". The "extradimensional" space in which the astronaut Cooper in "Interstellar" is located in a black hole can actually be seen as an interpretation of the "mirror universe". Entering the "mirror universe" from the universe is itself a "time travel[3] ". Wormholes (4 photos) The "Milky Way wormhole theory" stems from the breakthroughs made in the study of dark matter [3] . Dark matter is a substance that does not interact with electromagnetic forces and cannot be studied through the observation of electromagnetic waves. Unlike "wormholes", gravitational effects have confirmed the existence of a large amount of dark matter in the universe. In 2013, the research team of the International Institute for Advanced Study in Trieste drew a very detailed map of the dark matter distribution of the Milky Way, and after combining it with the latest research of the Big Bang model, it was found that not only does the Milky Way have the conditions for the existence of "wormholes", but even the entire Milky Way may be a huge "wormhole" [3]. According to the theoretical model established by the Italian astrophysicist Paolo Salucci and others, such a hypothesis is indeed possible to be confirmed [3], and its greater significance lies in the fact that it will prompt scientists to "rethink more accurately" the study of dark matter: is dark matter the existence of "another dimension"? Or, is it itself a transportation system for interstellar transportation[3] ? The "wormhole theory" is still a hypothesis, but scientific progress is inseparable from bold hypotheses [3]. At one time, it was thought that the smallest unit of matter was the atom, and later neutrons and protons were discovered. Similarly, for a long time, humans believed that the universe was made of matter, but the existence of dark matter has overturned this conclusion. The significance of scientific hypotheses is to get rid of existing shackles and advance human understanding of the universe and their own progress through constant self-denial and doubt. As Sarucci puts it: "In any case, we need to ask ourselves, what is it[3] ? The concept of wormholes was first born in the study of Schwarzschild solutions. When theoretical physicists analyzed the solution of the white hole, through an Albert Einstein thought experiment, they discovered that the universe itself could not be flat. If a star forms a black hole, then space-time is perpendicular to the original space-time in the Schwarzschild radius, which is the event horizon. In the uneven space-time of the universe, this structure means a black hole. The part within the horizon will combine with another part of the universe and create a hole there. This hole can be either a black hole or a white hole. And this curved horizon is called Schwarzschild throat, and it is a specific kind of wormhole. Ever since the discovery of wormholes in Schwarzschild solutions, physicists have become interested in the nature of wormholes. The wormhole connects the black hole to the white hole, and is transported between the black hole and the white hole through this wormhole (i.e., the Albert Einstein-Rosen Bridge) to the white hole and is radiated out. Wormholes can also manifest in the normal space-time of the universe, becoming a superspace-time that suddenly appears. There are also many characteristics of the wormhole introduced by the theory, which will not be repeated here due to space limitations. In short, we still know very little about the nature of black holes, white holes, and wormholes, and they are still mysterious things, and many questions still need to be further explored. Astronomers have indirectly found black holes, but white holes and wormholes have not really been discovered, and they are just a theoretical term that often appears in science fiction works. In the universe, the "cosmic term" is almost zero. The so-called cosmic term is also called "the energy of the vacuum", and in the absence of matter, energy also exists. The black hole inside it, which was introduced by Albert Einstein. In the early expansion of the universe, the cosmic term was necessary, and in the theory of elementary particles, it was also believed that the energy in the vacuum was naturally presented. Why, then, does the cosmic term of the universe become zero? Coleman explained that in the early universe before the explosion, wormholes were connected to many universes, and the size of the cosmic term was cleverly adjusted to zero. As a result, one universe may give rise to another, and there may be an infinite number of such tiny caverns in the universe that lead to the past and future of one universe, or to other universes. Even if wormholes exist and are stable, walking through them can be very unpleasant. Radiation through the wormhole (from nearby stars, the microwave background of the universe, and so on) shifts the blue to very high frequencies. When you try to walk through the wormhole, you will be scorched by these X-rays and gamma rays. The appearance of wormholes can almost be said to be at the same time as black holes. If you stand at one end of the wormhole (entrance) at 12:00, you will come out of the other end of the wormhole (exit) at 12:00. Wormhole (Wo
Mhole), also known as the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, is a possible narrow tunnel in the universe that connects two different space-times.
The concept of wormholes was originally born in the study of Schwarzschild solutions. When physicists analyzed the solution of the white hole, through an Albert Einstein thought experiment, they discovered that the universe itself could not be flat. In the uneven space-time of the universe, this structure means that the part within the black hole's event horizon will combine with another part of the universe. Wormholes connect black and white holes, transporting matter between black and white holes. Here, the wormhole becomes an Albert Einstein-Rosen bridge, where matter is completely disintegrated into elementary particles at the singularity of the black hole, and then passes through this wormhole (i.e., Albert? Einstein-Rosen Bridge) was teleported to the White Hole and radiated. Wormholes can be used as a chrono conduit, and can also manifest in the normal space-time of the universe. The wormhole has no horizon, it only has a sub-interface with the outside world, through which the wormhole is connected in time and space. The interface between the wormhole and the black hole and the white hole is a space-time pipeline and a connection between two space-time closed regions, where the curvature of space-time is not infinite, so we can safely pass through the wormhole without being destroyed by the huge gravitational force. Black holes, white holes, and wormholes are still unsolved mysteries in the "space-time and gravitational chapter" of current cosmology. Whether black holes really exist or not, scientists have only obtained some indirect circumstantial evidence. Current observations and theories have also raised many new questions for astronomy and physics, for example, when a cold star can form a black hole, when it collapses, its density will already exceed the ...... of atomic nuclei, nucleons, neutrons, and if it continues to collapse, neutrons may also be crushed. So, what exactly are the primitives of matter in a black hole? What is the repulsion and gravity that makes a black hole stay at a certain stage and stop collapsing? If there is no repulsion, then the black hole will collapse infinitely until it is infinitely small in size, infinitely dense, and infinite in internal pressure, which is not allowed by the theory of physics. In today's universe, there are almost zero "cosmic terms". Physicists have long believed that the gravitational pull of a wormhole is so great that it destroys everything that enters it, so it cannot be used for space travel. However, if there is such a thing as a wormhole in the universe, then there can be a saying: if you stand at one end of the wormhole (entrance) at 12:00, then you will come out of the other end of the wormhole (exit) at 12:00.
There are two natural mechanisms by which wormholes occur: First, the strong gravitational energy of black holes. The second is the rapid rotation of the Kerr black hole, with its Lens-Tirin effect tearing small holes in space-time in the energy layer around the black hole. These small openings are broken down by gravitational energy and rotational energy, and become very small wormholes. These wormholes are affected by the gravitational energy of the black hole, and it is possible to determine where their exit is, but it is not yet possible to complete it completely, because quantum theory and relativity theory have not yet been fully combined.
The appearance of wormholes can almost be said to be at the same time as black holes. Wormholes Wormholes first appeared in Schwarzschild solutions when physicists thought of white holes. Through an Einstein thought experiment, they discovered that space-time can not be flat, but curved. Let's start with a classic wormhole in which matter is completely disintegrated into elementary particles at the singularity of a black hole, and then transported through this wormhole (i.e., the Einstein-Rosen Bridge) to the location of the white hole, and is radiated out. Of course, the wormhole is only a way to transport matter between a black hole and a white hole, but the wormhole is much more than that. Black holes and black holes can also be connected through wormholes, of course, no matter how strong this connection will be, it is still just a connected "cosmic prison", but some people say that the annihilation of the carbon micronus in the white hole and the black hole can produce infinite energy when space-time distorts, so that human beings "escape, for example: a strong man is locked in a cage, he has several ways to escape: 1. break the prison door, 2. or go on a hunger strike to make himself skinny, so as to escape from the prison door. "The wormhole can not only be used as a tool to connect the holes, it also appears in the normal space-time of the universe, becoming a hyperspace conduit that suddenly appears in the universe, the wormhole has no event horizon, so we can safely pass through the wormhole without being destroyed by the huge gravitational pull. Wormholes may be able to teleport from a finite time to an infinite point in time, or they may be connected to the present and the future.
As early as the 50s of the 19th century, scientists have studied the "wormhole", due to the limitations of historical conditions at that time, some physicists believe that the "wormhole" may be used theoretically, but the gravitational pull of the "wormhole" is too large, it will destroy everything that enters, so it is impossible to use it in astronautics. The possibility of "teleportation" is like a chronological transformation. With the development of science and technology, new studies have found that the super strong field of the "wormhole" can be neutralized by "negative energy" to achieve the effect of stabilizing the energy field of the "wormhole". Scientists believe that antimatter also has a "negative mass" relative to the "positive matter" that produces energy, and can suck out all the energy around it. Wormholes (14 photos) Like "wormholes", "negative mass" was once thought to exist only in theory. However, many laboratories around the world have successfully demonstrated that "negative mass" can exist in the real world, and trace amounts of "negative mass" have been captured in space by spacecraft.
According to scientists' speculation, the universe is filled with millions of "wormholes", but few are more than 100,000 kilometers in diameter, and this width is the minimum requirement for safe navigation of spacecraft. The discovery of "negative mass" has created new opportunities for the use of "wormholes", which can be used to expand and stabilize small "wormholes". Scientists point out that if the "negative mass" is transmitted to the "wormhole", the "wormhole" is opened, and its structure is strengthened to make it stable, the spacecraft can pass through. However, wormholes can only go back to the past. The so-called "teleportation" is actually to take advantage of the time difference between two points in the wormhole. For example, time at point A is faster than point B; And the time of two o'clock is water, and water will only flow from high to low; And because the time of point A is relatively fast, point A can go to point B through the wormhole, because of the time difference, so when you reach point B, people will feel as if they don't use much time; At the same time, point B cannot reach point A through the wormhole, because the time is crowded out - the time difference in the middle creates a time fault. As for why there is no fault line at point A - or is it because of the time difference? When departing from point A, the time is X o'clock; When you reach point B, the time at point B is just X point, and the time can be completely connected. The only way to get from a slower point in time to a faster point in time is to use the speed of light.