readx;?。 Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 Info is the patron deity of the dead in Egyptian mythology, as well as the god of fertility. She is one of the Nine Pillar Gods. "Nephthys" is also the name given to the eldest woman in a family.

She may have once been a transfiguration of Bat or Neith. In Egyptian art, her hair resembles a shroud. She is depicted with a basket or a small house on her head, sometimes as a female with two wings, and sometimes as a kite, falcon, falcon or other bird.

She was the daughter of Geb and Nut and the wife of Seth. With Seterson Anubis. She often appears in artwork with her sister Isis.

Other gods

Amon: The Lord God.

Anubis: A god who guides the undead and escorts souls to another world, in the form of a wolf-headed human body.

Horus: The god of vengeance, the guardian of royal power, in the form of an eagle.

Aten: The sun god of the dynasty (mainly the sun god worshipped during the Reformation in Ekhnatun, which was later abolished).

Atum: The sun god of twilight.

Khonsi (S): The son of Amon and Mut, the god of the moon, who is also in charge of medicine.

Min: The patron saint of travelers, who is also in charge of production and harvesting.

Mo (u, menthu): Division of war, the appearance of the eagle head human body.

Mooth: Amon's wife, in charge of war, in the form of a lion.

Thoth: The god of wisdom.

Animal Gods:

Besty (ET): The cat god who killed Amun-Ra's greatest enemy, the Chaos Viper Ampep.

Edjo: The serpent god, the symbol and patron saint of Lower Egypt.

Heqet: The Frog God.

Khepri: Scarab beetle, pushing the sun wheel forward.

Knum: The ram god.

Sati: The god of elephants, the wife of Knum.

Sekhmet: The goddess of lionesses.

Selket: The god of scorpions.

Sobek: The god of crocodiles.

Other Gods:

Anuket: The god of water.

APIS: The god of fertility and production, in the form of a bull.

Bes: The god of music.

Hapoqueidis (Pa-Kraat; -par-kraat): The name of Horus as a child.

Hert: Horus's wife, love and abundance.

Imhetep (this): The patron saint of medicine and towers.

Maat: The god of justice and order.

Ness (, Neit; m-aesh-neith): the god of wisdom and war.

Nekhbet: The patron saint of Upper Egypt.

Butah (PTAH): The god of creation.

Qetesh: The god of love and beauty.

Seker: The god of light.

Foursons of Horus: Guardians of the body of the Immortal.

Amset: One of the four sons of Horus, protector of the liver of the deceased.

Hi: One of the four sons of Horus, protector of the lungs of the dead.

Dumitev (UTEF; Omathph): One of the four sons of Horus, protector of the stomach of the dead.

Qebhsenuef: One of the four sons of Horus, protector of the intestines of the dead.

Amon

The Hellenistic name of the main Egyptian deity, the Egyptian word is transliterated amn, which means "hidden one" (also spelled "amon"). He is one of the eight ogdoads, and his spouse is mut. At first, he was only a local deity of Thebes.

At that time, Thebes was just a humble town on the east bank of the Nile, located in the area around today's Karnak Temple. The Eleventh Dynasty originated in the state of Hermentite (or perhaps just in Thebes) by a family who decorated the temple with statues.

The name Amun was compounded into the name of the founder of the Twelfth Dynasty, Amenemhet. The name was in turn inherited by his three heirs. Several kings of the Middle Kingdom period also adopted the same name; The Seventeenth Dynasty of Thebes drove out the hyksos, and Amun was re-established as the deity of the royal city.

However, it was not until the rulers of the Eighteenth Dynasty drove their victorious armies from all directions to the frontier that Amun began to become a universally recognized god in Egypt, crowding out other Egyptian gods, and even going out of Egypt to become the god of the universe. The pharaohs attributed all their victories to Aemon and spent their wealth and labor on the temple of Amun.

Amun is depicted in human form, wearing a headband from which two parallel feathers protrude straight from it. This may symbolize the tail feathers of an eagle. Ammon has two common images: one seated on a throne and the other standing, holding a whip, much like the god Min (im), who may have been his original image, the god of fertility. The king solemnly ploughed the land that was to be sown or reaped the ripe grain in front of him. His spouse is sometimes referred to as Emonette (the feminine word for Aemon), but is usually called mut; She had a human head, and she wore a double crown of upper and lower Egypt, and their son was Chons.

The name of Ra, the sun god, is sometimes combined with Amon's name, especially when he was the "king of the gods". In Egypt, the dominion of heaven belonged to the sun god, and Ammon was the supreme god, so logically, Amon was Ra. Amun was called "King of the Throne and the Lands", or more proudly "King of the Gods"

Horus (also known as heru-sa-= Aset, and hor-hekenu)

It was the patron saint of the pharaohs in ancient Egyptian mythology and a symbol of royal power. He is represented as a god with a mircan's head and a human body.

Like many other gods, the nature of Horus, as well as the stories and legends about him, have been constantly changing over time. Horus can be seen as a merger of many other gods associated with imperial power, the sky, etc.

And most of these deities are sun gods. This is very similar to the Christian statement about the Trinity of God. Heru-your (also known as Harmerti Hammerdi) is one of the earliest versions of Horus, a creator god in the form of a falcon. His eyes are the sun and the moon. When the crescent moon appeared, he became a blind man and was called mekhenty-er-irty (meaning "one without eyes"); When his eyesight was restored, he was called Khenty-Irty (meaning "man with eyes").

Horus was very dangerous when blind, and he would sometimes mistake his friends for enemies and attack. He was the son of Gab and Nut and was the patron saint of Letopolis.

As a child, Horus was called har-pa-khered (meaning "young Horus", or harpocrates in Greek) and was the son of Osiris and Isis or Ehit. He is depicted as a naked boy with fingers in his mouth, sitting with his mother on a lotus flower.

Horus in this form was a fertility goddess who often carried a cornucopia. The image of Har-Pa-Khered was widespread during the Roman Empire, when he was depicted riding a goose or a ram (note that his father, Banebdjetet, was a ram god).

Later Horus was categorically positioned as the corpse of Osiris and the son of Isis (or the acacia tree feathered from Saosis).

This is often referred to as "thehorus" in many scholarly works.

As har-nedj-itef (called harendotes in Greek), Horus was Osiris' bodyguard in the underworld "duat".

As Behedti, Horus was Behdet (now Edfu), where his image was closely associated with the falcon.

And as Chenti-Irti, Horus is an eagle god who rules law and order.

Later in the period, Horus began to associate with the image of the sun god Ra, especially in Heliopolis, and began to be called Ra-Herekhty (also known as Akhety (meaning "Horus on the Horizon"), Har-Em-Akhet (meaning "Horus on the horizon"), achis (Greek)), the sun god.

Anhur was the name given to Horus when he was a union with Hugh.

In the third millennium BC, Seth replaced Horus as the patron god of the pharaohs. However, when the legend of Seth's murder of his brother spreads, Horus is replaced.

There was a battle between Horus and Seth that lasted for eighty years. Horus ripped off Seth's **** and one leg, and Seth gouged out Horus's left eye (from then on Horus was called "One-Eyed"). Horus later retrieved his eyes. With Neith's support, Horus won the battle and became ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt (there is also a legend that Horus and Seth were in charge of Upper and Lower Egypt).

Horus had four sons, and in Egyptian funeral beliefs, they kept the entrails of the deceased in four jars (canopicjars): duamutef (stomach), qebshenuf (intestines), hapi (lungs) and imset emshet (liver).

Anubis

He is the god of death in ancient Egyptian mythology, and is sometimes considered the god of the underworld. He was the son of Seth and Nephthys. His name in hieroglyphs is pronounced closer to "amp".

Anubis had the head of a jackal (or any other canine), and the jackal was his symbol. The image of this jackal is closely related to his role in mythology. Because the jackal is a scavenger, it is a carcass remover and has a strong association with death. He is also seen as the guardian of the dead.

In the artwork, Anubis is depicted as a male with a jackal head, ears pricked up, and a whip in his hand.

Anubis was originally the king of the underworld, however, with the emergence of the cult of Osiris, he became a janitor. As a janitor, Anubis's main duty was to contrast the hearts of the dead with the feathers of Maat on the scales.

If the soul is as light as a feather, Anubis takes him to Osiris, otherwise feeds him to Ammit.

The cult of Anubis may have predated Osiris. In the Unastext text (line 70) he is associated with the Eye of Horus.

In the Book of the Dead, he anoints Osiris's body, wraps him in linen woven by Isis and Nephthys, and lays his hand on Osiris's body to protect him.

Thoth

Also translated as Thot or Tut, he was the god of wisdom in ancient Egyptian mythology, responsible for guarding literature and literature and the work of the secretary. Legend has it that he was the inventor of the ancient Egyptian script.

The belief in primordial waters is a common view among the three systems, but each has different interpretations.

There are eight meanings about Hermopolis, and there are also eight gods, and these eight gods are represented by men and women who hold the four characteristics of the primordial water, the male god Naw and the goddess Naunaid, which means "abyss"; The male god Fufu and the goddess Hawu Haide, which means "infinity"; the male god Cook and the goddess Kakved, which means "darkness"; The male god Eminem and the goddess Amaud mean "invisible".

Among the eight gods, the male god is the head of the frog and the goddess is the head of the snake, and it is said that these gods swim in the primordial water and lay the primordial eggs here, but there is another theory that these eggs are born of a giant duck or a giant goose, and in the inheritance of the throne, it is said that the lotus flower is born from the primordial water, and from the lotus flower flies a lovely child, and he creates the world; And this child means the sun in the morning and the lotus flower in the evening.

In the myth of Hermopolis, the Lord of the Universe once said: I have made all kinds of gods with my sweat and human beings with my tears. In ancient Egyptian paintings, humans are referred to as Rummette, which can be interpreted as tears.

In the legend of Helioplis, it is believed that Atum created the power of various gods in the world, and there is also a saying that Atum is the son of the primordial water - Nunn, which means the high hill or ground produced after the great flood, and Atum stood on the rock and spit out the male god Hugh and the goddess Tefna from his mouth, and Hugh and the goddess Tefna combined to give birth to the male god Keb and the goddess Nut.

When the two of them were about to be united, they were pulled away by their father, the god Hugh, and placed Cabe on the ground, sending Nut into the sky, but later they married and gave birth to Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys, the gods of the four pillars.

The ancient Egyptians believed that life consisted of the living world and the underworld. Believing that man existed in another way after death, the Egyptians focused on the underworld and built mausoleums and pyramids. In order to keep the corpses from decomposing, they made mummies.

When the animals are worshipped after their deaths, their carcasses are specially processed, greased, bandaged, and mummified and buried in a dedicated cemetery.

Because of the intimate relationship between animals and people, not only are huge animal statues sculpted in front of the pyramids, but they also hope that the dead will be protected by animal gods in the other world, hoping that there will still be abundant crops in the underworld and enjoy the material supplies provided by plants.

So the ancient Egyptians saw death as an important transition into another world.

During this time, the body of the deceased needs to be carefully and meticulously handled so that the power given by God can continue to live in the underworld. Because of this, the work of mummification is so important.

After stripped of all internal organs except the heart, the body was washed, dehydrated, spiced and wrapped in linen. Every step of the mummification process is protected by the canine-headed god Anubis, and the deities painted on the amulets and coffins also bless the spirits of the deceased.

The frescoes in the tomb recreate the daily life of the deceased, and various items, especially household items, food and clothing, are also placed around the body so that the deceased can continue to enjoy the same life as him on earth in the spirit world.

It is thanks to these large numbers of artifacts preserved by Egyptian burial customs that modern people are able to recreate the scenes of daily life on both sides of the Nile thousands of years later. For the sphinx in front of the pyramid, some scholars have interpreted it from a philosophical point of view: the human head symbolizes the spirit, and the animal body symbolizes material power; The human head and the animal body are connected together, on the one hand, it symbolizes that the spirit wants to get rid of the material power, and on the other hand, it also symbolizes that the spirit has not completely got rid of the material power, so it has not yet reached freedom.

Broadly speaking, the gods of Egypt can be divided into three types: (1) animal form, (2) human form, and (3) abstract form

In addition, there are three systems according to the region:

(1) The god of craftsmen in Memphis and the creator of the world - Buta. He existed before the world even happened, and the way He created the world was created by His mind and words, and what He thought in his heart, what He said with his mouth, everything in the world, including other gods, was created by Him.

(2) The system centered on the city of Heliopolis, which was developed in the Old Kingdom, believed that before the creation of the world, there was a great god Atum, who fertilized himself to give birth to air (Hugh) and water (Tephnut); The air and water were combined to give birth to heaven (nut) and earth (keb, geb); Heaven and earth were united and four more children were born, Osilies, Isis, Seth, and Nefertis, who were the creators of everything in the world.

(3) The city of Hermopolis from southern Upper Egypt is also quite abstract in its process of creation, when the world is chaotic and unclear, there are four pairs of gods, which belong to the four natures of "darkness, depth, invisibility, and boundlessness", and these eight gods created the world, and they represent the unknowable epoch or unknowable local characteristics. (To be continued.) )