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Among the 100 schools of thought, if the peasant family is the most influential, then the novelist is the smallest of the 12 schools of thought. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoPlease search for the most complete! The fastest updated novel

The novelist, the pre-Qin Nine Streams and Ten Schools, and also one of the Twelve Schools of Thought, collected folklore and discussions to investigate folk customs.

"Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" cloud: "The flow of novelists is covered by barnyard officials." The gossip of the streets, the creation of hearsay. ”

What are the Nine Streams and Ten Schools?

In the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles", there is a summary of the more influential factions among the hundred schools of thought: "There are ten schools of Zhuzi, and only nine of them are observable...... If you can practice the art of the six arts, and look at the words of the nine schools, give up the short and take the long, you can get through the strategy. ”

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The origin of novelists is mainly that people in ancient times took saints on top, history as books, eyes as poems, reciting proverbs, doctors' rules, and scholars rumored and many people slandered them. As for Meng Chun, he sought songs and ballads, and toured the province to watch people's poems to know the customs. If it is wrong, it will be corrected, and if it is lost, it will be hearsay, and it will not be completed.

The novelist mainly does to record the folk street talk and report it to the superiors, but although the novelist is his own family, he is regarded as a person who does not enter the stream, so there is a saying of "nine streams and ten families". The novelist can represent the customs of the common people. However, because of its small path, it is not valued by the world, and it will eventually perish.

From this aspect of the record, it can be seen that the influence of the novelist in history can be said to be very small.

As a representative of novelists, Yu Chu was a native of Luoyang, Henan Province (now Luoyang City, Henan) in the Western Han Dynasty. Most of his deeds have been scattered. According to the "Historical Records" and "Hejaz", Yu Chu was in the time of Emperor Wu, serving Lang as a monk, riding a horse in yellow clothes, and being called a messenger in yellow clothes. And in the "Suburban Ritual Chronicles", it is contained: Yuyang Yu Primary Elementary cursed the Xiongnu and Dawan with the Fang Ancestral Hall.

Although Yu Chu was a native of the Western Han Dynasty, his credit to the novelist was the compilation of the novels. According to Zhang Heng Xijingfu: Nine hundred novels are from the beginning of Yu. It can be seen that Yu Chu's status in the compilation of novels.

Yu Chu is the author of "Yu Chu Zhou Shuo", the content of which is a compilation of his novels, with nearly 1,000 articles, not a compilation. However, the volume is huge. It is especially easy to be lost, so his books died early.

And this kind of novelist who has died out, and the novelist of later generations is very different in that the novelist of the pre-Qin period is more like a collector of gossip information.

Of course, the information they collect doesn't really make much sense, which is another reason why novelists are dying out because they don't get more support.

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Let's say that novelists die quickly. It is the result of the development of eliminating the weak and retaining the strong.

Then among the hundreds of schools of thought, the rise and fall of the vertical and horizontal family is the choice of different periods of history.

Vertical and horizontal family. "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" is listed as one of the "Nine Streams". Later, he called those who engaged in political activities on the basis of arguments "columnists". Vertical and horizontal is combined vertical and horizontal. They were uncertain and capricious, and most of their plans were based on the political needs of the country. The main representative of the Hezong faction was Su Qin, and the main representative of the Lianheng faction was Zhang Yi.

From "Zizhi Tongjian: The Thirty-sixth Year of King Zhou Xian" "Zhang Yizhi, a Wei person, and Mr. Guigu who had a relationship with Su Qin". Hu Sansheng quoted Han Yingshao's "Customs and Customs": "Mr. Guigu, when he was in the Six Kingdoms, he knew the overall situation and was good at figuring it out. Eloquent, will change, wise and brave, strategic, and decisive. Everything, everything, everything: this refers to lobbying to open and close to a degree, vertical and horizontal. There's no place you can't go. There is nothing that will not work out.

The emergence of the Zongheng family was mainly due to the division and contention at that time, and the royal power could not be stable and unified, so it was necessary to use alliance, exclusion, coercion, inducement or supplemented by the method of war on the basis of national strength to win without a fight, or to obtain the maximum benefit with less losses. Their wisdom, ideas, means, and tactics were basically the best way to deal with state-to-state issues at that time, and they were a unique historical stage in the history of the world. The wisdom it created under historical conditions was unsurpassed by any later dynasty.

Most of the characters of the Zongheng family were born in poverty, and under the most arduous speculation, it was a kind of extraordinary liberation, creation and play of human wisdom. Su Qin Pei Six Kingdoms Xiangyin (Hezong Six Kingdoms, Pei Six Kingdoms Xiangyin is an exaggeration of later strategists, Su Qin was a combination of five countries at that time. Peiqi, Zhao, and Yan were in contact with each other), and the six countries united with Qin to force Qin to abandon the imperial throne; Zhang Yi was eloquent and strategic, and he won 600 li of Chu in a few words; Tang Ju was witty and brave, and directly reprimanded the Qin king for saving Meng's fiefdom; although Lin Xiangru was not a military general, he was righteous and approached the king of Qin, not only returning to Zhao completely, but also never humiliating Zhao.

There are many benevolent and righteous people, and if they are in view of the contemporary times, they will also be able to benefit from the fact that they are not only shallow.

The philosophical outlook of the Zonghengjia (represented by "Guiguzi") is deeply influenced by the philosophy of "Laozi". The Taoist ideology of the Zonghengjia is embodied in its social activities of "Blessing and Closing"; Under the guidance of Taoist thought, the strategists strive to "change yin and yang", so as to achieve the goal of "weakness is better than strength".

From the establishment of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period to the unification of China by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. Except for the fact that Chu was already king as early as 671 B.C., this period lasted more than 200 years from the time King Hui of Wei became king in 370 B.C. to the unification of China by Qin in 221 B.C. The development of Zonghengjia in this period can be divided into three stages.

The first stage: In the early days of the establishment of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, although all countries claimed to be kings, the establishment of the country was not yet stable, and most of them were busy consolidating internal affairs and were unable to fight foreign wars, and the scale of annexation wars between countries was not too large. This stage is characterized by a joint vertical movement in which many weak join forces to attack one strong. The representative figures are Hui Shi and Gongsun Yan.

The second stage: After a long period of time, the annexation wars between the major powers are becoming more and more intense, the international political situation is changing rapidly and frequently, and the role of the columnists is more important and the influence is more huge. This period was characterized by the formation of a confrontation between the two major political blocs in the East and the West, with Qi and Qin as the core, and the leaders of the alliance changed between Qi and Qin, and both sides tried to effectively contain the annexation war of the other side and prevent the other from becoming too strong through the joint vertical and horizontal movements. This phase was characterized by the convergence of vertical and horizontal movements to adapt to the rapid and complex changes in the political, military, diplomatic and economic situation between countries, and reached a climax. This climax is the first climax in the entire history of the development of the Zonghengjia, which is marked by the emergence of a large number of representative figures of the Zonghengjia, the most famous of which are Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Chen Zhen, Lou Huan, Guo Kui, Yu Qing, Gan Mao and others;

Phase 3. As the annexation wars of the Warring States period for the purpose of unifying China were coming to an end, the Qin State successfully implemented the new policy of "long-distance friendship and close attack" proposed by Fan Ju, and after a long period of political and diplomatic offensives, it developed into the largest power. To a considerable extent, the unification of the Qin state can be said to be the result of the long-term efforts of the Zongheng family. The development of the Zonghengjia at this stage was characterized by the continuous and horizontal movement of the Zonghengjia in the Qin State. The representatives of the Zongheng family at this stage are Fan Ju and Cai Ze.

Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty also spoke highly of the role and influence of the Zonghengjia when he sorted out the "Warring States Policy" in the school magazine, and there is such a description in his book "Records of the Warring States Policy":

"It is based on the genus of Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Gongsun Yan, Chen Zhen, Su Dai, and Su Li, and they are born in terms of length and length, and they are dumped left and right. Su Qin is longitudinal. Zhang Yi is horizontal. The horizontal is the Qin Emperor, and the vertical is the King of Chu. The country where you are located is heavy, and the country you go to is light. ”

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The ancestor of the Zongheng family is said to be Guiguzi, also known as Wang Xu, one says that the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the people of the Wei Dynasty. Often enter Yunmeng Mountain to collect medicine and cultivate. Because he lived in seclusion in the ghost valley of Qingxi, he called himself Mr. Ghost Valley. He is the author of 14 military books of "Guiguzi".

In the novels of later generations, it is described that among them, Wang Xu is thorough and unreachable. One is called mathematics, the sun and the stars are like latitude, in the palm of his hand. Occupy the past and observe the future, and everything is verified; the second is the study of war, six Tao and three strategies, with infinite changes, and the formation of troops is unpredictable; and the third is the study of words, and the memory is widely heard. Judge the situation reasonably, spit out and argue, and don't take ten thousand mouths; four said that he was born, cultivated his true nature, but his illness prolonged his life, and he took different quotes. Flat ground ascension.

This kind of thing is actually impossible, because if Wang Xu has such an ability, I am afraid that he will not live for a long time, at least Sanjin will not let such a "monster" live for so long.

There are many legends about Wang Xu, and the following are two of them.

According to legend, a long, long time ago, there was a family surnamed Zhao and a family surnamed Zhou. They are neighbors, the Zhao family is in business, and the Zhou family is farming, and the two families have a very close relationship with each other. Later, the Zhao family went bankrupt in business, and the Zhou family generously helped, and the Zhao family promised to marry their daughter to the Zhou family in order to express their sincere gratitude. Soon after, the Zhou family's parents died one after another, the family was in decline, and the Zhao family, as a businessman, regretted the marriage and broke the contract. The son of the Zhou family remembered the love of his childhood sweetheart, and was angry and lovesick, and died of illness in Huangquan. The daughter of the Zhao family is a virtuous woman who knows the truth, and when she heard the bad news, she rushed to the grave of the son of the Zhou family, and she cried out because of excessive grief, and in a trance, it seemed that the son of the Zhou family asked her to take home a rice plant in front of the grave. After the daughter of the Zhao family woke up, she saw that there was indeed a rice plant around her, she really brought it back, washed the rice and ate it, and then the daughter of the Zhao family became pregnant, gave birth to a boy, grew up healthily, and became a smart man, this is Guiguzi. Because of the ghost valley and the valley, the Zhao family named her child Guiguzi. This is a very profound legend about the birth of Guiguzi, expressing the ardent hope of a woman who is true and sensible.

Legend again, Yunmeng Mountain, 30 miles west of Chaoge, the capital of the original Shang Dynasty, has two peaks on the mountain: Jianxiu Peak and Longwang Peak, there is a natural cave on the cliff between the two peaks, there is a clear spring in the cave, which flows into the river. This cave is the Guigu Cave. It turned out that a long time ago, there was no rain in the Yunmeng Mountain area for a long time, and there was a shortage of water everywhere, and the kind farmer Qinglong looked for water sources everywhere and rescued a small goldfish in a dry pool. The kind-hearted Qinglong asked Xiaolongnu to rescue the villagers who suffered from drought, and Xiaolongnu was moved to make a private proposition, and secretly drilled a "sea eye" to introduce seawater into Yunmeng Mountain. After the dragon king found out, he punished the little dragon girl and the farmer Qinglong, and the little dragon girl turned into a dragon spring in the mountain, and Qinglong turned into a ridge that protects the spring water - "green dragon back". After many years, the spirit of the little dragon girl was born in the royal family's house in Wangzhuang, south of the capital Chaoge, and the child was named Ruixia after birth. Another year there was a drought, and only one ear of grain was planted on the three hectares of land of the Wang family. Ruixia's maid ring rubbed this peculiar ear of grain, the ear of grain turned into a pearl, Ruixia took the pearl and played with it, the pearl strangely got into Ruixia's mouth, and soon Ruixia became pregnant, and she was kicked out of the house because she was unmarried and pregnant. The homeless Ruixia gave birth to a boy in the cave of Yunmeng Mountain. Ruixia gave birth to a child because of the miraculous ears of grain, so she named the child Guiguzi. It turned out that Ruixia was reincarnated by the little dragon girl, Gu Sui was transformed by Qinglong's spirit, and the cave where the child was born was the "Ghost Valley Cave". It is said that when Guiguzi grew up, he went to Taimur Mountain to worship Huayuan Zhenren as a teacher and learn Taoism. When Huayuan Zhenren returned to heaven, he left Guiguzi a roll of bamboo slips, which was a wordless book of heaven, not a word was seen during the day, but there were golden words at night, which was the later classic of vertical and horizontal learning.

Compared with this kind of mythical description, in Feng Menglong's "Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in the Ming Dynasty, there is also a description of Wang Xu:

In the boundary of Zhou Zhiyang City, there is a valley, the mountains are deep and dense, unfathomable, and it is not a place where people can live, so it is called "Ghost Valley". There is a hermit in the valley, who calls himself Guiguzi, and is said to be a person from the time of Jin Ping, surnamed Wang. He collected medicine and cultivated with Mo Zhai of the Song Dynasty in Yunmeng Mountain. Mozi does not marry a wife or raise children, travels the world, helps people and goods, and helps the poor. The king of Guiguzi is thorough through the sky, and his knowledge is profound, and no one can match it: "One is mathematics, the sun and the stars are like latitudes, in the palm of his hand, accounting for the past and the future, and everything is verified; the second is military science, six Tao and three strategies, infinite changes, arranging formations and marching, and ghosts and gods are unpredictable; the third is that he travels to study, he has a wide memory, he is wise and reasonable, he is reasonable, he is eloquent, he is speechless, and he is not in his mouth; fourth, he is born to learn, he cultivates his true nature, and he takes food and guidance, but he is sick and prolonged, and he can be promoted. (See Feng Menglong, Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chapter 87.) ）

Since Mr. Guigu knew the immortal family's extraordinary skills, why did he want to condescend to the world? It turned out that he was just living in the Ghost Valley in order to surpass a few smart disciples and return to the fairy realm together. He lived in seclusion in the Ghost Valley for countless years, and his disciples were also countless. It is said that his most outstanding disciples are Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Su Qin, and Zhang Yi. The first two were famous military strategists during the Seven Kingdoms War, while the last two were famous columnists during the Warring States period. In addition, Fan Li, a strategist who helped King Goujian of Yue to lie down and taste his courage and defeat Wu Wangfucha and successfully restore the country, is also said to be a disciple of Guiguzi; Mao Sui, a famous diplomat during the Warring States Period, is also said to be a disciple of Guiguzi; and Xu Fu, a master of medicine collection and health preservation in the Qin Dynasty, is also said to be a disciple of Guiguzi. Legend has it that Guiguzi also has a junior sister, that is, the Nine Heavens Xuannu who has the Nine Heavens Secret Book and is familiar with the heavens, humanity, and earth's leylines.

(To be continued.) )

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