The main reason why Zhang Jiashi believes that the corresponding tuntian system of the Song Empire and the Ming Empire is relatively suitable for the current Qin Empire is that the population base of the two dynasties was relatively small at the beginning of the founding of the country. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info (product # book ¥)

When the Song Empire was established, although the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were about to enter the end period, relatively speaking, before the establishment of the Song Empire, that is, the shortest-lived Later Zhou of the Five Dynasties, the situation of the entire Central Plains was undoubtedly relatively stable.

During this period, the historical records of the wars during the reign of Chai Rong are mainly as follows:

The Battle of Gaoping in the first year of Later Zhou Xiande (the seventh year of Qianyou of the Northern Han Dynasty, 954), the Battle of Qinfeng in the second year of Later Zhou Xiande (the eighteenth year of Guangzheng of Later Shu, 955), the Battle of Shouzhou from December to March of the fourth year of Later Zhou Xiande (the thirteenth year of Baoda of the Southern Tang Dynasty, 955), the Battle of Purple Mountain from the third year of Later Zhou Xiande (the fourteenth year of Baoda of the Southern Tang Dynasty, 956) to the fourth year, the Battle of Hebei in the fifth to sixth years of Later Zhou Xiande (the eighth to ninth years of Liao Yingli, 958-959), and the winter to the spring of the fifth year of Later Zhou Xiande ( The battle of the Southern Tang Dynasty from the thirteenth year of Baoda to the first year of Zhongxing, 955-958), the battle of the Later Zhou Dynasty against the Southern Tang Dynasty, the battle of the third year of the Later Zhou Dynasty (the fourteenth year of the Southern Tang Dynasty, 956), and the battle of Huainan in the spring of the fifth year of the winter solstice of the fourth year of the Later Zhou Dynasty (the fifteenth year of the Southern Tang Dynasty, 957).

The scale of these war records is not too large, and there is a certain truth in the historical records that the Later Zhou Dynasty was actually in the stage of recuperation during the Chai Rong period of Zhou Shizong.

In the record of the Battle of Gaoping, the number of troops of the Later Zhou army is not clearly stated, but there is no doubt that the Later Zhou army at that time was not more than the Northern Han and Khitan coalition forces:

The lord of the Northern Han Dynasty knew that the emperor came to Chen, praised Zhang Yuanhui, and made the fun of taking advantage of the victory to enter the army. Yuan Hui was slightly Chen, the horse fell, and was killed by the Zhou soldiers. Yuan Hui, the general of the Northern Han Dynasty, the Northern Army is angry. When the south wind was prosperous, the Zhou soldiers struggled, the Northern Han soldiers were defeated, and the Northern Han lord raised his own red banner to collect the troops, which could not be stopped. Yang Yan was afraid of the strength of the Zhou soldiers, did not dare to save them, and hated the words of the Northern Han lord, and the whole army retreated.

Fan Aineng and He Hui led thousands of horsemen to the south, controlling the strings and exposing their blades, plundering and plundering the baggage, and the servants were frightened away, and many people were lost. The emperor sent his close ministers and pro-military academies to pursue the edict, and Mo Ken sent an edict, and the envoy was killed by the sergeant, threatening: "The Khitan is so great, the officers and soldiers have been defeated, and the rest of the people have been captured." "Liu Ci meets love can be equal to Tu, love can wait, the words do not follow, and lead the troops to the north. When the Northern Han Dynasty lord still has more than 10,000 people, blocking the stream and Chen, twilight, the word to, and the army to attack it, the Northern Han soldiers were defeated again, killed Wang Yanhei, chased to Gaoping, zombies full of valleys, and abandoned the royal special and baggage, equipment, miscellaneous animals are invincible. On the eve of the night, the emperor stayed in the field, and those who got the infantry to surrender to the enemy were killed.

Fan Aineng waited for the victory of the Zhou soldiers, and returned a little with the soldiers, and there were those who did not reach the dawn. In the first afternoon, the army was suspended in Gaoping, and thousands of soldiers of the Northern Han Dynasty were selected as the commander of Xiaoshun, and the former Wusheng marching army Sima Tang Jingsi was ordered to make the army on the Huai, and the remaining 2,000 people were given funds to be sent to him. Li Gu was forced by the rebels to sneak into the valley and go out for a few days. Ding You, Emperor to Luzhou.

The lord of the Northern Han Dynasty from Gaoping was brown Dai Li, took the Khitan gift of Huang Li, handsome more than 100 horses escaped from the carving ridge, lost at night, captured the villagers as a guide, mistaken Jinzhou, traveled more than 100 miles, is Juezhi, killed the guide. Day and night to the north, everywhere you go, you have to eat without lifting a chopstick, or pass the Zhou soldiers to come, and go away. The lord of the Northern Han Dynasty was old and tired, and he fought on a horse, galloping day and night, and he could not support it, so he had to enter Jinyang.

The emperor wanted to punish Fan Aineng and others to suppress the military and government, but hesitated. Jihai, lying in the palace tent during the day, Zhang Yongde served on the side, the emperor visited him with his affairs, and said, "Love can and so on have no great merit, and they are afraid to flee first, and they are not responsible." And His Majesty wants to flatten the four seas, and the military law is not established, although there are bears and millions of people, they can use it safely!"

The emperor threw his pillow on the ground and shouted goodness. That is, more than 70 people from Aineng, Hui and the military envoys of the department. The blame said: "You Cao are tired of the generals of the court, and you can't fight." Today, those who look at the wind and run away, without him, are trying to use me as a strange commodity and sell it to Liu Chong'er!" The emperor thought that He Hui had a meritorious service in guarding Jinzhou first, and wanted to avoid it, but the law could not be abolished, so he was punished and buried. Since the arrogant general is lazy, he knows what he is afraid of, and he does not tolerate the government. Gengzi, rewarding Gao Ping's merits, Li Chongjin and Zhongwu Festival Envoy, Xiang Xun and Yicheng Festival Envoy, Zhang Yongde and Wuxin Festival Envoy, Shi Yan as Zhenguo Festival Envoy. Zhang Yongde called Emperor Taizu the wisdom and bravery, and the emperor promoted Emperor Taizu to be the capital of the palace, leading the history of Yanzhou Thorn, with Ma Renyu as the direct commander of the crane bow and arrow, and Ma Quanyi as the commander of the scattered personnel. There are dozens of people who have moved to the school since the rest of the generals, and there are those who are promoted to the main military compartment by themselves. Release Zhao Chao's prisoner.

The lord of the Northern Han Dynasty collected the scattered soldiers, the armor soldiers, and completed the moat for the week.

Although the Northern Han army was completely annihilated at that time, it was more the result of being seriously consumed by the defenders under the city of Luzhou. And if Chai Rongjun's military strength is more than that of the Northern Han Khitan coalition army, I am afraid that Liu Jun wants to run back to Jinyang City, which is still unlikely.

According to calculations, the strength of the Later Zhou reinforcements and the defenders of Luzhou was similar to that of the Khitan coalition army of the Northern Han Dynasty, about 1120,000.

......

The military forces used in the battle of Qin Feng should actually be less.

In April of the second year of Xiande, Wang Pu, the king of Nabibu Langzhong, made a proposal of "first easy and then difficult, first south and then north, and each one was broken", and determined the unification strategy of attacking Shu first, then conquering the Southern Tang Dynasty, cutting the Khitan, and finally destroying the Northern Han Dynasty. Then he sent Fengxiang Jiedu to envoy Wang Jing, Xuanhui Southern Yuan to Xun Xiang, and the guest province envoy Zan Jurun to go west. When Meng Chang, the lord of Later Shu, heard this, he ordered Zhao Jizha, the envoy of the guest province, to be the envoy of the Xiongwu Supervisor, and led the elite soldiers of the Suwei to Qinzhou, and ordered the privy guard Zhaoyuan to inspect the northern fortress and the armor soldiers to strengthen the garrison around the imperial area.

On the first day of the fifth month, Wang Jing and others led the army out of Sanguan, entered the territory of Qinzhou, and pulled out the eight villages such as Huangniubao (now Huangniupu in the northeast of Fengxian County, Shaanxi) and advanced to Qin and Fengzhou. When Zhao Jizha Fang went to Deyang, after hearing that the Zhou army had entered, he was afraid to enter, and rode back to Chengdu alone, and everyone thought that he was defeated and shocked. Meng Chang angrily beheaded Zhao Jiza, and urgently ordered the commander of the Shengkong Hedu to make Li Tingqi the commander of the camp on the North Road, the commander of the Left Guard Shengbu Army to make Gao Yanyu the envoy, and the guest province to make Zhao Chongtao the capital supervisor and lead the army to rescue.

On the fifth day of the first month of June, the two armies met in the east of the mighty city, and the Hou Shu army won a small victory, and captured Hu Li and others.

When the courtiers and prime ministers of the Later Zhou Dynasty heard the news, they insisted on calling the troops on the grounds that Wang Jingxi's expedition had been fruitless for a long time and that it was difficult to transport grain. On the first day of the seventh month, Chai Rong waited for Zhao Kuangyin, who was ordered to go to the front of the army to inspect the battle situation, and returned to Qin and Feng. In August, Wang Jing and others led the army to attack and win, capturing more than 3oo people under Jiang Hui of the Houshu Military Academy. Later, the lord of Shu sent a general performance to make Yi Shen to the camp to comfort and supervise the battle.

Li Tingqi used the strategy of dividing the advance and attacking together, and sent the vanguard to command Li Jin to lead his troops to Malingzhai (now west of Fengxian County, Shaanxi), and sent strange troops out of the Xiegu Valley to Tunbaijian (now Baishipu in the northeast of Fengxian County, Shaanxi); and sent Wang Luan to lead 5ooo troops out of Tangcang Town to Huanghua Valley to fight for the Zhou army's grain route and return route. Wang Jing observed his plan, sent Zhang Jianxiong to lead 2ooo soldiers to seize the mouth of Huanghua Valley before Wang Luan, and sent the deputy general to lead the cadres to make a detour to Tangcang, set up ambushes on three sides, and strangle Wang Luan's return.

In leap September, Wang Luan's soldiers arrived in Huanghua Valley, and were suddenly attacked by Zhang Jianxiong's troops, defeated and fled to Tangcang, and were ambushed again, Wang Luan was killed in battle, and all his troops were captured. After Maling and Baijian heard the news, the Shu army rushed away, and Li Tingqi, Gao Yanyu and other generals retired to Qingniling. Xiongwu Jiedu made Han Jixun isolated in Qinzhou, and stayed to observe the judge Zhao Arsenic to guard the city and go to Chengdu by himself. Zhao Arsenic saw that the brave generals of the Hou Shu army were all dead or fled, and the Hou Zhou army was strong and strong, and the two states of Cheng and Dai surrendered one after another. The lord of Hou Shu urgently sent an envoy to ask for peace, but Chai Rong refused, so he gathered troops to store grain in Jianmen and Baidi to prevent the Hou Zhou army from going deeper. In November, Wang Jing and other companies besieged Fengzhou and divided their troops to Guzhen to block reinforcements. In a few years, Fengzhou was broken, and Wang Huan and Zhao Chongpu, the capital eunuch, were captured by 5ooo people.

According to the relevant records of the Battle of Qin and Feng, the forces used by the Later Shu army before and after were about 80,000 to 100,000, while the Later Zhou army was slightly less, 50,000 to 70,000.

And the military power used in these two wars is nothing more than a small thing compared to Zhou Shizong Chai Rong's another decisive victory in the Later Zhou War against the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Historically, the Battle of the Later Zhou against the Southern Tang Dynasty is considered to be the Battle of the Later Zhou against the Southern Tang Dynasty, and it was the largest military conflict between countries born at the end of the Five Dynasties. The war began on December 17, 955, when the Southern Expedition of the Later Zhou Shizong army began, during which the two sides attacked each other, and many cities experienced many battles. The battle lasted two years and five months, ending on April 8, 958, and eventually the Southern Tang lost all of its territory north of the Yangtze River.

And Chai Rong's time in power is the biggest explosion, and the time is also the longest war, and it can be regarded as the root cause of the sharp decline in the population of Lianghuai at that time.

On November 13, 957, Zhou Shizong departed from Daliang, arrived at the Huai River on the 27th of the same month, crossed the Huai River at five drums that night, and arrived on the west side of Haozhou City on the 28th. Eighteen miles northeast of the city of Haozhou, there was a tidal flat, on which the Southern Tang army set up a fence and dug a moat around it, and they decided that the Later Zhou army could not pass.

On the 29th, Zhou Shizong personally led the army to attack, and sent Kang Baoyi to lead hundreds of soldiers to cross the moat on camels, and Zhao Kuangyin led the cavalry to follow, and finally succeeded in capturing the place. Li Chong attacked and broke through the city of Nanguan in Haozhou. On December 4, Zhou Shizong personally led the army to attack Haozhou, and Wang Xianqi attacked the Southern Tang Water Village. The Southern Tang army stationed hundreds of warships in the north of Haozhou City, and erected large logs in the Huai River to restrict the activities of the Later Zhou army. Zhou Shizong sent the navy army to attack, and it didn't take long for the Southern Tang army's defense on the Huai River to collapse

。 In the battle, more than 70 warships were burned and more than 2,000 people were killed. Later, the Zhou army immediately captured the Yangma City of the Southern Tang Army, and the main city of Haozhou fell into a panic. On the evening of December 7, Guo Ting, the defender of Haozhou, said that his family was in Nantang, and that "if I surrender, they may not be able to save their lives, please let me go back to Jinling first to resume my life, and then come back to surrender." Zhou Shizong approved his request.

On December 12, Zhou Shizong learned that the Southern Tang Dynasty had hundreds of warships on the east side of Surabaya, ready to support Haozhou, so he personally led the army to meet the attack, and two days later broke the Southern Tang army at the entrance of the cave, beheading more than 5,000 people and capturing more than 2,000 people. So the Later Zhou army took advantage of the victory and went east, winning everywhere it passed. On December 16, the Later Zhou army arrived at the city of Sizhou. Zhao Kuangyin led the army to attack the south of Sizhou City, set fire to the city gate, and broke the water wall and Yuecheng in Sizhou City. Zhou Shizong came to the Yuecheng Tower and personally urged the soldiers to attack the city.

On December 26, Fan Zaiyu, the defender of Sizhou in the Southern Tang Dynasty, surrendered the city. Zhou Shizong appointed Fan Zaiyu as the training envoy of the Suzhou regiment. Zhou Shizong came to the city of Sizhou and asked the people in the army who cut firewood and grass not to cut the crops of the people. The people were very grateful and rushed to work with the harvested rice. Although the city of Sizhou was captured, not a single soldier dared to enter the city without permission.

Zhou Shizong heard that the Southern Tang Dynasty had gathered hundreds of warships at the entrance of the cave, and immediately sent cavalry to investigate, forcing the Southern Tang army to retreat and clear the mouth. On December 29, Zhou Shizong personally led his army along the north bank of the Huai River, and the rest of the generals advanced on the Huai River to pursue the Southern Tang Army together. At that time, the banks of the Huai River had not been left for a long time, and they were covered with dense reeds, mud and ravines everywhere, but the Later Zhou army advanced with victory and had long forgotten fatigue. On December 31, the Later Zhou army caught up with the Southern Tang Army, and the two armies fought and walked, and the sound of war drums and other sounds could be heard within dozens of miles.

On January 1, 958, the Later Zhou army defeated the Southern Tang army in the northwest of Chuzhou. Some of the Southern Tang troops fled eastward along the Huai River, Zhou Shizong continued to personally lead the army to pursue, Zhao Kuangyin as the vanguard, after chasing for 60 miles, successfully captured Chen Chengzhao, the envoy of the Southern Tang Baoyi Festival. After this battle, in addition to the ones that had been burned, the Later Zhou army captured a total of more than 300 warships and captured more than 7,000 soldiers of the Southern Tang Army. Since then, the Southern Tang Dynasty's military forces on the Huai River have been completely wiped out.

After Guo Tingwei's envoy returned from Jinling City, he knew that the Southern Tang Army could not come to support, so he asked Li Yanzou, who was the secretary of the army, to draft a surrender table. Li Yanzou blamed Guo Tingwei for not being loyal enough, Guo Tingwei asked the soldiers to surround Li Yanzou, Li Yanzou threw the pen to the ground, and scolded: "The big husband doesn't write a surrender table for traitors!" Guo Tingwei killed Li Yanzou and surrendered the city. After surrendering, Hou Zhou received tens of thousands of soldiers and tens of thousands of military rations in the city. Li Jing gave Guo Tingwei's son an official.

On January 2, Zhou Shizong crossed the Huai River and garrisoned troops northwest of the city of Chuzhou.

On January 5, Cui Wandi, the military envoy of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the magistrate of Lianshui County, surrendered.

On January 6, Guo Tingwei was appointed as the defense envoy of Bozhou.

On January 8, Zhou Shizong led his army to attack Chuzhou, and on the same day, he conquered the Yuecheng city of Chuzhou.

On January 1o, Guo Tingwei came to the palace to meet Zhou Shizong, who appeased Guo Tingwei and asked Guo Tingwei to lead his old troops to attack Tianchang County. Zhou Shizong sent the commander of the left carriage of the iron cavalry, Wu Shouqi, to lead hundreds of cavalry to Yangzhou. Local officials in the Southern Tang Dynasty burned down all the houses in Yangzhou and moved all the city's residents to the south. When the Zhou army arrived, there were only a dozen old, weak, sick and disabled people left in the city.

On January 13, Wu Shouqi reported these circumstances to Zhou Shizong. When Zhou Shizong heard that Taizhou was defenseless, he immediately sent troops to attack it, and captured Taizhou on January 16.

On January 25, the following week abolished Kuang**. In the same month, the Southern Tang Dynasty changed to Zhongxing.

On January 27, Wang Hanzhang, the general of the Right Longwu, said that Haizhou had been conquered.

On January 29, the guards Ma Jundu commanded Han Lingkun to serve as the prefect of Yangzhou Military Prefecture.

Zhou Shizong wanted to bring all the warships on the Huai River into the Yangtze River, but he was blocked in Beishenyan, and turned to the stork water in the northwest of Chuzhou. Zhou Shizong personally went to inspect and make a plan, mobilizing the local people in Chuzhou to complete the project, and the project was completed in more than ten days. When hundreds of giant warships appeared on the Yangtze River, the Southern Tang people thought that they were divine soldiers descending from the sky.

On February 1, the Southern Tang Jing Navy was captured. Later Zhou began to directly border Wu Yue.

The Later Zhou army had besieged Chuzhou for more than 40 days, but Zhang Yanqing, the defender of the Southern Tang Dynasty, still held on. On February 14, Zhou Shizong personally supervised the battle and moved the palace to the city. On February 16, the Later Zhou army conquered Chuzhou. Zhang Yanqing and the capital eunuch Zheng Zhaoye still insisted on fighting in the streets, until the knives and swords were finished, Zhang Yanqing committed suicide, and none of the more than 1,000 people in his department surrendered until death.

The Southern Tang Dynasty changed Tianchang County to Xiongzhou and appointed Yi Wenyun, the envoy of the Jianwu Army, as the assassin. On February 23, Yi Wenyunju Prefecture surrendered.

On February 27, Zhou Shizong left Chuzhou and arrived in Yangzhou on March 8. After arriving in Yangzhou, Zhou Shizong asked Han Lingkun to send 10,000 Dingfu to build a small city in the southeast corner of the original city wall as the seat of the city.

On March 16, both the Huangzhou Thorn History Division and the Right Wing of the Control Crane commanded Wang Xianqi to lead his troops to attack Shuzhou in the Southern Tang Dynasty and capture Shi Renwang, the assassin of Shuzhou in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

On March 23, Zhou Shizong arrived in Taizhou.

On April 1, Zhou Shizong arrived at Yingluan Town, and from time to time went to Jiangkou to supervise the battle, so that the Later Zhou naval army attacked the Southern Tang naval army and successfully defeated the opponent. When Zhou Shizong learned that the Southern Tang warships were stationed in Dongzhou and held the mouth of the Yangtze River and the waterways leading to Suzhou and Hangzhou, he immediately sent Murong Yanzhao, the commander of the palace, to lead the infantry and cavalry, and Song Yanwu, the commander of the right Shenwu army, to lead the naval army down the river.

On April 4, Murong Yanzhao announced that he had successfully defeated the Southern Tang Army in Dongzhou. Zhou Shizong immediately sent Li Chongjin to lead his troops to Luzhou.

From the above records, it can be clearly seen that until the period of Song Zhenzong, the population loss caused by the Later Zhou attack on the Southern Tang Dynasty that broke out decades ago still did not improve much, and finally had to use the method of Tuntian to restore the exhibition and replenish the population.