In the Qin Empire or the Qin State, it was not difficult for a commoner to learn Qin law.

Of course, there must be a premise for this, that is, you must know the relevant words on the Qin Law and the meaning expressed by the Qin Law.

Regarding the Qin Dynasty, the "Guide to the Crossing of the Qin Dynasty" has these records and descriptions:

Although many people criticize the Qin Dynasty for its policy of ignoring the people, the fact is that the government has set up "school offices" in each county and county to implement the basic national policy of "one education" (unified education), and you might as well go there to get an education and come out to engage in judicial work.

In charge of teaching are experienced judicial personnel, their official name is "Ling Shi", the master of "Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Jian" "Xi", is such a "Ling Shi", the teaching content includes writing small seals, familiar with various laws, writing various judicial documents known as "Zhu Shu", etc.

Sometimes you still need to follow the "Ling History" to handle the case, and there will be a good chance of coming into contact with various criminal cases, and it is entirely possible to incarnate the Qin Dynasty version of "Juan Fu".

There is a batch of bamboo slips called "Sealed Diagnosis" in "Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Jian", which includes many autopsy reports and on-site investigation records, which is enough to show that the Qin Dynasty has made great achievements in forensic science, forensic appraisal and investigation.

For example, this "Written Book" describes in detail the condition of the deceased: the man's body was lying on his back on the south side of a certain house, there was a stab wound on the left forehead corner of his head, and two stab wounds on his back, both longitudinal, four inches long, stained with each other, and one inch wide, and the wounds were all sunken in the middle, like the marks of an axe, and the head, forehead, and under the eye sockets were bleeding, contaminating the head, back, and ground, and there was no way to grow or wide......

Strictly speaking, the book is even a benchmark template for sentencing, because in the Qin law, there are many records that have a description of the book.

Another "Written Book" that records the hanged person sums up some experiences in judging whether or not he hanged himself: look at the way the rope is knotted, whether there is a rope sleeve, whether the tongue spits out, the distance between the head and feet from the rope and the ground, and whether there is excrement flowing out. After untying the rope, whether there is air expelling from the mouth and nose, and whether there is blood congestion in the body. Experiment to see if the deceased's head can come out of the rope sleeve, and if so, strip the deceased naked, and thoroughly examine the whole body, especially the head and ****. If the answer is negative, it cannot be judged as self-hanging.

For example, if you have leprosy and commit another crime, a doctor will make a medical evaluation of your appearance and write an appraisal based on it: no eyebrows, no roots, bad nasal passages, piercing nose, no sneezing. He will let you take two more steps without getting sick, and if you shuffle your feet like the zombies in "Plants vs. Zombies", he will remember: two feet down...... After the appraisal is completed, you have met the conditions, and it will be confirmed that you are the "furious person" who committed the crime, and you can be "killed".

Don't know what a fixed kill is?

Come, teach you: two "prison ministers" who are engaged in government work dragged you to the river, swinged a few times, and threw you into the river with a "plop", causing a splash to the sky.

Now you understand what it means to "kill".

This can also be said to be a method of dealing with large-scale epidemic areas that are difficult to govern during the Qin Empire.

......

Many people think that after Ling Shilian has solved a few big cases, you are qualified to participate in the judgment of the case, so you will rise to the court with high spirits. The officials on both sides held water and fire sticks and shouted in unison, "mighty"; the three guillotines in the hall were lined up, and you, wearing a black gauze hat and a white crescent on your black face, "snapped" and slapped the shocking wood: Bring the prisoner up, and hit him first with 300 kills!

I'm sorry, don't talk about the Qin Dynasty, even the real Bao Gong doesn't judge the case like this.

Unlike in costume dramas, the county orders of the Qin Dynasty generally did not directly decide cases, and the judicial work was mainly handled by his deputy, the county Cheng, and the specific trial was often composed of a collegial panel composed of multiple order histories. The trial process is very similar to today, the parties need to present their cases, and the witnesses need to testify in court. The law stipulates that you should "listen to what they say and write what they say" – you must fully listen to the statements of the parties and record them in detail; He has exhausted his words and has no explanation, but he will be questioned by the one who speaks"—even if you know that the other person is lying, do not interrogate him immediately until he has finished what he should say, and then ask questions.

Of course, the "killing stick" type of torture in costume dramas also existed in the Qin Dynasty, but it was strictly restricted.

The "Sealed Diagnosis" stipulates that it is best to solve a case without torture, and it is not advisable to torture the prisoner, let alone intimidate the prisoner, but if the prisoner answers questions untruthfully or quibblingly, repeatedly deceives or changes his confession, refuses to admit guilt, etc., then he can be punished, and the interrogator must make a written report for examination.

After the trial process is completed, you need to publish the verdict, which is divided into two parts: "sheath" and "theory", the former is to determine the facts of the crime, and the latter is to make a judgment on the defendant's guilt or innocence and how to apply the punishment; if the defendant is not satisfied, he can also file an appeal after the judgment takes effect, which is called "begging" or "re-hearing".

The "Book of Songs" records a case: a musician "speaks" and was falsely accused of participating in cattle theft, and he was forced to confess because he was tortured to extract a confession at the first trial;

The book is one of the contents of the Qin Jane unearthed in Zhangjiashan, and some of its contents are as follows:

In August of the 11th year, Jiashenshuo Bingxu, Jiangling dared to slander him. In March, the doctor said: In February of the sixth year, I bought a maid at five o'clock, and the price was 16,000, but Ding died in March, and I asked for flattery, and flattered and said: I should not be a maid. Mei said: Therefore, the maid, Chu Shi died, reduced to the Han, not the number of titles, the point is flattering, the number of the number of the maid, the sale of Lu, since it should not be reinstated to the maid, that is, to die, it is like Lu. Point said: Flattery, so the maid, Chu died, in February of the sixth year, there is no name, that is, the number, sell Lu, it is like Lu, charming. Flattery: Flattery, although Chu Shi died, reduced to Han, not the number of titles, points, account for a number of flattery, flattery for the maid, sell flattery. What is the solution?.Mei said: Chu Shi died, the point is to think that the Han, the reinstatement of the maid, the sale of flattery, since the inappropriate revert to the maid, that is, to die, there is no other solution. Ask Mei: At the age of forty, it is as it is. Zhu Zhi: Flattering the old maid, Chu died, reduced to Han, not the number of titles, points, accounts, reverted to the maid, sold Lu, Mei died, forty years old, deterred, all judged. If you are suspicious of flattery, you will talk about it, dare to deny it, report it, and sign it. Officials: Charming faces, Qilu, or when the people.

In July of the tenth year, Hu Mao Shuo dared to sneer. Impeachment said: Linjiang Prison Shi ordered the woman to pay the crown in the south, feigned illness and was in the car, attacked the doctor Yu Chuan, and got out of the customs. Today, he said: South, the Tian clan of the Qi family, migrated to Chang'an, sent him off, married his wife, and returned to Linjiang with him, and he was not out of the customs, and it was impeached. Nanyan is impeached and impeached. He said: If you don't deserve to marry Nan as your wife, but marry as your wife, and return to Linhua with you, it is Lang who comes to lure and commit adultery, and the princes who died in the south are also hidden, what is the explanation? The officials thought that they were treacherous and hidden, and there was no solution to the crime. Therefore, the law forbade the princes to tempt them, so that no other country could marry another countryman. Although he did not come from the country, but actually lured the Qi country of the Han people, that is, from the princes, how can he explain? Ask, as you say. 鞫: 阑sent to the south, married as a wife, and returned to Linjiang with him, not out of the customs, obtained, judged. If you are suspicious of the crime, you will dare to talk about it. The maid Qing helped Zhao Handan City, and he was about to die, from his brother Zhao Di, to the dead princes. Now the migrants come to send them away, that is, lure the south. Officials: The same kind of people who are in the Qing Dynasty should be tempted by the princes. Or say: It should be regarded as a crime of adultery and concealment. In August of the tenth year, Geng Shen Shuo Guihai, the big servant did not harm the affairs of the court lieutenant, the Qing Hu Sifu was imprisoned in the history of the prison, the court lieutenant was heard, and the court was the city Dan, it was like a law.

Hu Cheng dared to say it, and in December, Dr. Renshen said that the woman was a woman and died. Fu said: Cheng died, deceived himself to think that he did not have a name, in order to make himself occupy the number of book titles, for the doctor Ming Li, Ming married Fu Yin official to dismiss his wife, Fu died, it is such as. Explanation: Fu has a number of names, and the explanation is that there is no recovery of people, and he marries his wife, but he does not know that he died, but he is suspected of being Mingli, and it is like a symbol. Explanation: Although there are names and numbers, there are also dead people. Law: Marry the dead as a wife, and the city is a city, and the Buddha knows, and there is no reduction. Although the solution is known, it should be regarded as marrying the dead. What is the explanation? The explanation is: There is no solution to sin. Plain words are like symbols and explanations. Ask the explanation of the old man, it is as it is. 鞫: Fu died, deceived Bai accounted for the number of titles, unmarried as a wife, did not know his death, trial. Doubtful and unsuspecting, it is a county theory, dare to talk about it. Officials: There are a number of clear offices, and the marriage is to relieve the wife, and the solution does not know its death, so it should not be discussed. Or say: Although the number of books has been defrauded, the real people are also dead. Although Xie doesn't know the situation, he should take marrying the dead as his wife, and cut off the left for the city. The court newspaper said: Taking the deceased as a wife is a law, and it is not appropriate to be a lawyer.

In July of the tenth year, Xin Mao Shuo Jiayin, Jiangling Yu and Cheng Biao dared to denounce him. It is May Gengxu, and the principal Chi said: Shi Wujun told Chi that the big slave died, see Chi Tingxi, and go west. Chi to sue, and begging for thieves to hunt down Wu. Martial arts fighting, with the sword to hurt the eye, the view also with the sword to hurt the martial arts. Jin Wu said: The old army slave. Chu Shi died, descended to the Han Dynasty, and the title of the book was for the people, not for military slaves. Seeing the capture of martial arts, sincere fighting, and wounding with a sword, it is like a pool. Seeing said: Tell the army, chase Wu with the pool, fight with the sword, hurt the sight, see the fear of victory, and stab the Wu with the sword and arrest it, it is like a martial art. Jun said: Wu old military slave, Chu Shi died, see Chi Tingxi. To Wudang to restore as a military slave, that is, to sue the pool, said to be a military slave, dead. Honesty is not judged, it is like a pool and a martial arts. Jie Wu: Although Wu should not be a military slave, it is regarded as a lawsuit to arrest Wu, Wu Yi listened to it and then argued with the officials that it was inappropriate, it was a fight, and it was a thief who injured people. Wu said: Since he is a non-military slave, he is not guilty, he looks at the arrest of the army, his heart is afraid, and he hurts his eyes with a sword, and the officials think that the thief hurts people, and the officials are guilty, and there is no solution. Seeing and saying: The army sues the slaves who are dead, and the slaves should be arrested for the crime, and the martial arts are injured and the martial arts are injured, and the fear is won, and there is no other solution. Ask Wu: Shi Wu, thirty-seven years old, is as good as he is. Martial arts: Wu should not be reinstated as a military slave, crossbow to the pool, the pool to tell and see the capture of the martial arts, martial fighting, with the sword to hurt the sight, the view also with the sword stabbing to capture the martial arts, trial. Suspicious of martial arts, regarded as guilty, dared to denounce it, reported it, and was imprisoned. Official: Duwu is the city dan, except for the sight. Ting Yiwen, Wudang is the city, except for the sight.

......

After a lot of hard work, you finally became a petty official in the Qin Dynasty. Your salary is called "rank", not by month, but by year, and what you receive is not money, nor is it the ingots calculated by "two" that appear at every turn in costume dramas, but corn in "stone".

However, the use of stone height as a way to make money has been around for a long time.

Before the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu was mainly based on Tianyi, and during the Warring States period, it was mainly based on physical objects. The aristocratic food system is not well documented and difficult to understand in detail. However, each of them has a certain amount of land, and the income from eating land is certain. In the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou royal family had thousands of miles of land. Princes, ministers, doctors, and scholars also occupied the land according to their ranks. In the Spring and Autumn Period, "the division of a great country, the field of a brigade". The first brigade consisted of 500 people, each ploughing 100 acres of land, and Qing's Lu field was about 50,000 mu.

"Mencius: Ten Thousand Chapters" has the saying "Jun Shi Qinglu, Qinglu Four Doctors, Doctor Times Sergeant, Sergeant Times Sergeant, Sergeant Times Corporal", the actual situation probably cannot be so neat. In addition to indefinite possession of land, Shang and Zhou nobles often acquired the right to occupy land on a regular basis. For example, the inscription of the Shang Dynasty's ministers reads: "Wang Yi (tin) ministers have accumulated for five years." "It was the king of Shang who rewarded the ministers for collecting the crops from the land, and the time was limited to five years.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, due to changes in the tax system, the Gulu system was gradually implemented. For example, Confucius was Lu Sikou, who had "60,000 Fengsu", and later came to Weiguo as an official, and also had 60,000 Su. Until the Warring States period, the Gulu system was widely practiced in all vassal states. Wei Wenhou took Wei Chengzi as the prime minister, "eating Lu Qianzhong". The king of Yan gave way to the prince of Xiangguo, and ordered the official seal of the official with more than 300 stone to be handed over to the prince, and he appointed the official. The officials of the Qin State ranged from 50 stones, 100 stones, to 500 stones, and more than 600 stones. The state of Chu uses "dan" to calculate the official Lu, and there are "ten thousand dans".

During the Warring States Period, the royal family was honorable, and in addition to the official positions, there were also fiefdoms, and some of the kings and queens were favored. Meng Weijun of Qi State served as Xiangguo, inherited his father's fief, and "sealed ten thousand households in Xue". Lü Buwei was the prime minister in the first year of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, and he was the marquis of Wenxin, "eating 100,000 households in Luoyang" and "eating 12 counties in Lantian". The favored ministers of King Xiang of Chu include the Marquis of Chuan, the Marquis of Xia, the Jun of Yanling, and the Jun of Shouling. The queen of Qinzhuang Xiang named Chang Yu as the Marquis of Changxin, gave Shanyang land, and took Hexi and Taiyuan County as the kingdom of Yu. However, at this time, the feudal monarch generally only ate the feudal tax and was not allowed to occupy the land, and the feudal monarchy was a remnant of the form of the feudal system.

In the pre-Qin period, those who served the government were only treated as food. For example, the doctor receives different amounts of food according to the effect of the treatment. Legong and Baigong also have food.

In the Qin Dynasty, it mainly followed part of the Yulu system during the Warring States Period.

If you can mix with the "chief official" with an adult rank of 2oo or more, you will be eligible to wear the official seal, but it is not at all as square and large as in the costume drama, but only the size of a coin, and the back is like a button, with a small hole tied with a ribbon.

Please remember that the first domain name of this book is .. Biqu Ge mobile version update fastest website:m.