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Ancient Chinese physicians can be said to have laid the foundation for the development of Chinese medicine in many aspects. Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info please search and see the most complete! The fastest updated novel

But there is one thing, and that is that a great physician is not necessarily a pure physician, as can be seen from two historical figures.

These two historical celebrities were Ge Hong, a famous Taoist priest and alchemist during the Jin Dynasty, and Sun Simiao, a famous Taoist priest in the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Ge Hong (A.D.) was a Taoist scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a famous alchemist, and a pharmacist. The word Zhichuan, self-named Baopuzi, Han nationality, Jurong (now Jurong County, Jiangsu) in Danyang County, Jin. The grandnephew of Ge Xuan, a scholar of the Three Kingdoms, is known as the little fairy Weng. He was once named the Marquis of Guannei, and later lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain for alchemy. He is the author of "Behind the Elbow", etc.

Ge Hong was a famous physician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China and a mediator of preventive medicine. He is the author of "Behind the Elbow", which was the first to record the symptoms and diagnosis and treatment of some infectious diseases such as smallpox and scrub typhus. "Tianxing Spotted Sores" is the earliest record of smallpox in the world.

He also has a lot of experience in alchemy, and the Danshu "Bao Puzi?" specifically describes the knowledge of chemistry in many aspects such as refining gold and silver pills, and also introduces many material properties and material changes. For example, "Dansha is burned into mercury, and the accumulation is changed and returned to Dansha", which means that red mercury sulfide (Dansha) is heated to decompose mercury, and mercury can be added to sulfur to produce black mercury sulfide, which then becomes red mercury sulfide. The reversibility of chemical reactions is described. Another example is "Coating iron with Zeng Qing, and iron is as red as copper", which describes the reaction of replacing iron with copper, and so on.

Ge Hong wrote a wealth of books in his lifetime, claiming that he had 20 volumes of the "Inner Chapter", 50 volumes of the "Outer Chapter", 100 volumes of "Ode to the Tablet and Poems", 30 volumes of "The Notes on the Transfer of Chapters and Tables of Military Books", 10 volumes of "The Legend of the Immortals", and 10 volumes of "The Biography of Yinyi"; and he also copied 310 volumes of the Five Classics, Seven History, Hundred Schools, and 310 volumes of military skills. In addition, there are 100 volumes of "Jinkui Prescription" and 4 volumes of "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription". However, many of them have died, and "Orthodox Daozang" and "Wanli Continuation Daozang" contain a total of 13 kinds of his works.

Among Ge Hong's works, his works on alchemy are more famous. The book "Behind the Elbow" is a precedent for medical scientists to need emergency drugs in their prescriptions.

The "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription" also contains information on a variety of diseases, many of which are precious medical materials. The symptoms of smallpox described in this book, as well as its dangerous and contagious descriptions, are the earliest records in the world, and they are very accurately described. The book also mentions the main symptoms of tuberculosis and proposes the characteristics of tuberculosis as "posthumous and bystanding". It also involves a variety of diseases such as intestinal tuberculosis and bone and joint tuberculosis, and it can be said that the completeness of its discussion is no less than that of modern medicine. The book also describes how to treat a wound after being bitten by a rabid dog, using the brains of a rabid dog. Although this method does not work, there are still lessons to be learned from the principle.

In addition, for epidemics and infectious diseases, the book puts forward the concept of "furious gas", believing that this is by no means the so-called ghosts and gods, and this scientific method of understanding is also very insightful today. The description of parasitic diseases such as scrub typhus and scabies in the book is also the earliest and most accurate description in the history of world medicine.

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And Sun Simiao was called the "King of Medicine" by later generations. His separate works include Qianjin Yao Fang and Qianjin Yifang, which have a great influence in the history of Chinese medicine, both of which are collectively known as the famous Qianjin Fang, and later cooperated with the Tang Empire, responsible for supervising and recommending, and cooperating with a large number of physicians to compile the Tang Materia Medica

It is very likely that the "New Revision of Materia Medica" is another version of the "Tang New Materia Medica", because the compilation time of the two basically coincides. It is unlikely that the Tang Empire would have dispersed its resources and compiled two books on materia medica at the same time.

Sun Simiao was born in 581 A.D. into a poor peasant family. He was brilliant from a young age. Valued by his teacher, he began to love the Taoist Lao Zhuang doctrine when he grew up. Due to the social turmoil at that time, Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in the Taibai Mountains of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, and gradually gained a high reputation.

At that time, the imperial court ordered Sun Simiao to be the doctor of Guozijian, but he refused. Sun Simiao studied Taoist classics in Taibai Mountain, and also read many medical books. Research on the medical prescriptions of the ancients. He chose "helping the world" as his life's work, and in order to understand the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, he traveled all over the mountains and forests.

Sun Simiao also attaches great importance to the medical experience of the people, constantly accumulates visits, records them in time, and finally completes his immortal book "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao began to accept invitations from the imperial court. Cooperate with the government in medical activities. In 659 AD, he completed the world's first national pharmacopoeia, Tang Xin Materia Medica. In 682 A.D., Sun Simiao died of illness.

Sun Simiao concretized the spirit of medicine as benevolence. In his book "The Sincerity of the Great Doctor", he wrote: "Whoever heals the sick must be calm, have no desires and no desires, first have great compassion, and vow to save the suffering of the soul." If there is a person who comes to ask for help, it is not allowed to ask him whether he is rich or poor, whether he is rich or poor, whether he is young or young, whether he is a friend or friend, who is foolish and wise, and who is the same as his relatives. Nor should we look ahead and backward, worry about good luck and evil, and protect our lives. Seeing that he is distressed, if he has it, he is deeply sad. Do not avoid danger, day and night, cold and heat, hunger, thirst and fatigue, go to the rescue wholeheartedly, and have no heart to work. In this way, it can be a great doctor for the common people, but on the contrary, it is a giant thief with spirits. ","The body of the doctor is like a clear mind, and he wants to see it inwardly. Generous, not bright. Provincial disease diagnosis, to the heart. Carefully observe the weather, and don't lose the slightest detail. The punishment of acupuncture and medicine is not varied. Although it is said that the illness should be rescued quickly, it is necessary to be not confused. Only when the judgment is true, it is not allowed to be above life, and it is very unkind to be handsome and quick to invite the reputation. When I go to the sick again, I am full of eyes, don't look left and right; I have no ears and bamboos, and I don't seem to have any entertainment; I am ashamed and recommended, and the food is tasteless; I am both shy, and I see if there is something or not. Therefore, the husband is a man who is in a corner, full of unhappiness, and the patient is suffering, and does not leave the must, and the healer is happy and proud, which is the common shame of man and God, and the only thing that man does not do, and the original intention of the doctor is also. "The husband is the law of medicine, and he is not allowed to laugh in many tones, talk about noisy, talk about right and wrong, discuss characters, show off his reputation, and slander all doctors. Self-discipline. Occasionally, when he treats a disease, he holds his head high and wears his face, and he has the appearance of self-promise, which is unparalleled in the world, and the anointment of this doctor is also. The above few words have shown Sun Simiao's noble medical ethics in front of people.

Sun Simiao never worked all his life and hid in the mountains and forests. Collect medicines and heal people by themselves. He collected folk prescriptions and secret recipes, and summarized clinical experience and medical theories of previous generations. Significant contributions to medicine and pharmacology. Later generations respected him as the "King of Medicine". He drew on the doctrine of the viscera in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing", and for the first time put forward a complete method for the classification and treatment of miscellaneous diseases centered on the cold, heat, deficiency and reality of the viscera in the "Thousand Golden Prescriptions"; after sorting out and studying Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", he classified typhoid fever into 12 treatises and put forward 15 taboos for typhoid fever, which was quite valued by typhoid scholars in later generations. He collected many medical theories, prescriptions, medications, acupuncture and moxibustion experience from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, as well as taking bait, dietary therapy, and guidance.

Sun Simiao's massage and other health preservation methods, author of "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions" 30 volumes. It is divided into 232 courses, which is close to the classification method of modern clinical medicine. The whole book is a combination of 5,300 poems. It is a representative masterpiece in the development of medicine in the Tang Dynasty in China, which has a significant influence and contribution to the development of medicine in later generations, especially prescription medicine, and also plays a positive role in the development of medicine in Japan and Korea. The thirty volumes of "Qianjin Yifang" belong to his later works, which are a comprehensive supplement to "Qianjin Yaofang". The book is divided into 189 categories, with more than 2,900 prescriptions, treatises, and methods, and more than 800 kinds of medicines. It is especially effective in the treatment of typhoid fever, stroke, miscellaneous diseases and carbuncles.

He adhered to the dialectical approach of healing, believing that if a person is good at life, he should be free from disease. As long as "a good doctor guides him with medicine and saves him with injections", "there are curable diseases in the body, and there are disasters that can be eliminated in heaven and earth". He attaches great importance to medical ethics, regardless of whether he is "rich or poor." The elder and the younger, resentful relatives and good friends, Huayi foolishness", all of them are treated equally. It is said that "human life is the most important, and there are precious daughters". He attached great importance to maternal and child health care and wrote three volumes of "Women's Square". The second volume of "Young Babies and Children" is placed at the top of "A Thousand Golden Prescriptions".

Sun believes that "human life is the most important, there is a precious daughter, one side is beneficial, and virtue is more than this", so he named his two works as "Qianjin" Eryu, named "Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang". The achievements of these two books lie in the fact that, firstly, there is a deep study of Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases". It provides a possible way for later generations to study the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases", especially adding more specific content to the generalized typhoid fever. He founded the method of studying the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" from the three aspects of prescription, syndrome and treatment, which set a precedent for later generations to use prescriptions and similar evidence.

"Qianjin Yao Fang" is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China, from basic theory to clinical departments, from science, law, prescription and medicine. One is the classic materials, and the other is the folk unilateral prescription. Widely absorb the strengths of all aspects, appreciate the elegance and vulgarity, and adapt the urgency to this day. Many of the contents still play a guiding role and have high academic value, which is indeed a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine. "The Prescription of a Thousand Golds" is a great contribution to the development of pharmaceutics.

In terms of pharmaceutical research, Sun Simiao has devoted a lot of effort. From the collection, processing and performance understanding of drugs, from the combination and compatibility of prescription drugs to clinical treatment, Sun Simiao referred to the medical literature of his predecessors, and combined with his decades of clinical experience, he wrote two medical masterpieces with important academic value in the history of China's medical development - "Qianjin Yao Fang" and "Qianjin Yifang". Among them, there are more than 5,000 prescriptions in the book, which not only contains medical theories such as diagnosis and syndrome, but also clinical departments such as internal and external, gynecology and pediatrics, and involves detoxification, first aid, health preservation, dietary therapy, acupuncture, massage, guidance, and vomiting, which can be said to be a good summary of the development of traditional Chinese medicine before the Tang Dynasty. The book contains nearly 3,000 prescriptions, covering materia medica, women, typhoid fever, children, nourishment, tonics, stroke, miscellaneous diseases, carbuncles, color veins, and acupuncture, etc., making a necessary and beneficial supplement to the "Qianjin Formula". Of the more than 800 drugs included in the book, more than 200 provide detailed information about the collection and preparation of drugs. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the book includes the articles of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" that have been scattered to the people in the Jin and Tang dynasties, and consists of nine or eleven volumes alone, which has become the only research work of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" in the Tang Dynasty, which has played a positive role in promoting the preservation and circulation of the articles of "Treatise on Typhoid Fever".

In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summed up many valuable experiences, such as the "Ah Shi acupoint" and "pain as the acupoint" method of taking acupoints, using animal liver to treat night blindness, using sheep thyroid to treat endemic goiter, using cow's milk, beans, corn husk and so on to prevent and treat beriberi; for pregnant women, it is proposed that the residence should be clean and quiet, the mood should be kept comfortable, and the labor should not be nervous; for infants, it is proposed that breastfeeding should be regular and quantitative, and that there should be more windy days at ordinary times, and clothes should not be worn too much...... These propositions, from today's point of view, still have a certain practical significance.

Due to the great influence of "Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang", these two works are known as the ancient medical encyclopedias of China, and play a historical role in inheriting the Han and Wei dynasties and connecting the Song and Yuan dynasties. After the two books came out, they attracted much attention from the world, and even crossed the ocean and were widely circulated.

In Japan, during the reigns of Tenpo, Manji, Tenmei, Kaei and Kanmasa (all of which were the reign names of the Japanese emperors), the "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" were published, and its influence can be seen. After Sun Simiao's death, people renamed the "Wutai Mountain" where he lived in seclusion as "Yaowang Mountain", and built a temple statue for him on the mountain, and the tree monument was erected. Every year on the third day of the second lunar month, the local people hold a temple fair to commemorate Sun Simiao's great contribution to China's medicine. The temple fair lasts for half a month, and there is an endless stream of visitors from all over the world who come to visit and pay their respects.

Sun Simiao is also the inventor of urinary catheterization in the world. It is recorded that there was a patient who had urinary retention and could not pee. Sun Simiao saw the patient's uncomfortable appearance, and he thought, "It's too late to take medicine." If you find a way to insert a root tube into your urethra, your urine may come out. He saw the neighbor's child playing with a green onion tube, the green onion tube was pointy, thin and soft, Sun Simiao decided to use the green onion tube to try, so he picked out a suitable green onion tube, burned it lightly on the fire, cut off the sharp end, and then carefully inserted it into the patient's urethra, and then blew hard, and after a while, the urine really flowed out along the green onion tube. The patient's small belly slowly deflated, and the disease was cured.

Historically, the Old Tang Dynasty records Sun Simiao's writings as follows:

According to the "Old Tang Book": "Self-annotated "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi", wrote 30 volumes of "Qianjinfang" in the world, and wrote three volumes of "Fulu Treatise", and one volume each of "The True Record of Regency", "Pillow Sushu", and "Hui Sanjiao Treatise". ”

According to the "Yaozhou Chronicles", Sun Simiao: ""Laozi Note", "Zhuangzi Note", "Qianjin Fang" 30 volumes, "Qianjin Yifang" 30 volumes, "Qianjin Marrow Fang" 20 volumes, "Qianjin Yue Ling" 3 volumes, "Qianjin Health Theory" 1 volume, "Nourishment Life Extension Collection" 2 volumes, "Health Miscellaneous Records" 1 volume, "Health Ming Retreat Chronicles" 1 volume, "Forbidden Scripture" 2 volumes, "Shen Pillow Fang" 1 volume, "Wu Dirt Side Passage Cultivation Map" 1 volume, "Doctor Money" 5 volumes. There are still more than 20 kinds of Sun Simiao's books in the Book of Tang (referring to the New Tang Book) and the Daozang and Tongzhiluo, all of which are Taoist words, and the doubts are also relied on, and they are not exhaustive. ”

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If the description of Sun Simiao is taken as a description, then Sun Simiao is likely to be a generalist who has a thorough understanding of Chinese medicine and surgery.

And more importantly, Sun Simiao's "Qianjin Fang" is indeed a very influential classic among Chinese medical works.

And what is a little interesting is that if it is according to the record of the "Old Tang Book", then "Qianjin Fang" is likely to refer to "Qianjin Yifang" alone, rather than "Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang" collectively, if you consider it according to this thinking, then "Qianjin Yifang" is likely to be a complete "Qianjin Fang", and its role in "Qianjin Yaofang" is to delete and supplement its deficiencies. (To be continued.) )

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