readx;?? In the "Seven Books of Wujing", "Three Strategies" and "Liutao" are obviously not written by Jiang Shang, but pseudo-books compiled by later generations in his name, and "Sima Law" is also likely to belong to this category. Pen, fun, pavilion www.biquge.info words * love * first * hair. om words * love * first * hair.. o There are many books, and the update is fast]

As for the pre-Qin military works, the "Seven Books of Wujing" are also included in the "Art of War of Wu Zi" and "Wei Xuanzi".

The Art of War, also known as Wu Tzu, is an important work of military scholars. Written by the famous Warring States general Wu. It is one of the representative works that reflect the military thought of the Chinese people in the pre-Qin period.

Wu Tzu mainly discusses the concept of war, and the argument of the military book is not only against the warlike of the people, but also against the re-cultivation of virtue, and the abolition of military equipment, it believes that only internal cultivation of morality, external military preparation can make the country strong.

The "Hanshu Yizhi" called "Wu Zi" "Wu Qi Forty-eight Articles", and the "Seven Books of Wujing" are included in six of them.

It is very likely that "Wu Zi" in the Northern Song Dynasty, like many pre-Qin classics, has long been annihilated in the long river of history and lost.

Later generations believed that "Wu Tzu" was produced under the historical conditions of the remarkable development of war and military thought after the establishment of the feudal system. At this time, the change in the composition of the army, the widespread use of iron weapons and crossbows, and the appearance of cavalry, caused a noticeable change in the way of warfare. It reflected the views of the emerging landlord class in terms of war theory, army building, and operational guidance.

"Wu Tzu" advocates "cultivating virtue within and governing military equipment externally", closely combining politics and military affairs, and the so-called "virtue" is "morality, righteousness, courtesy, and benevolence", and governs the army and the people in this way. He believes that "the people are safe and secure, and they have their own affairs", and "if the people are our rulers and not neighbors, then the war has been won", and stressed that the army and the country should be harmonious. The so-called "armament" is "the way to secure the country, and the first precaution is a treasure", and it is necessary to "simply recruit good materials to be prepared". It distinguishes war into different natures, such as righteous soldiers, strong soldiers, rigid soldiers, violent soldiers, and counter-soldiers, and advocates adopting a cautious attitude toward war. Oppose reckless militarism.

It advocates that there should be no more soldiers, and that "rule is the victory." Governance is to build a well-trained army: "If you live, you will be polite, if you move, you will be powerful, you cannot advance, you cannot retreat, but you must be disciplined." Left and right, although absolutely Chen. Although they are scattered,...... Whatever you want, the world is not the same. It is required to recruit good materials, reuse warriors and those who are determined to kill the enemy and make meritorious contributions, as the backbone of the army, and "add their titles to the ranks" and "give them the wives of their parents and mothers"; the use of soldiers should vary from person to person, so that "the short ones carry spears and halberds, the old ones hold bows and crossbows, the strong ones hold banners, and the brave ones hold golden drums." The weak should be fed up, and the wise should be the master" in order to give full play to their respective strengths; they should be organized according to their fellow villagers and fellow villagers, and they should jointly protect each other in the same army so as to exercise strict control over the subordinates; and "one person will learn to fight and teach 10 people, and 10 people will learn to fight and teach 100 people...... 10,000 people learn to fight. Teach the three armies the method of teaching warfare and strict training, and clearly understand the law and the trial of orders, so that "there will be heavy rewards for advancing and heavy punishments for retirement, and there will be faith in the practice" and the orders and prohibitions will be carried out. Generals must share weal and woe with their soldiers, share their safety and woe, reward those who have made meritorious contributions, encourage those who have not made meritorious contributions, compensate and comfort the families of those who have sacrificed their lives, and form a bond with their hearts so that they can "fight happily" and "die happily." Select people who have both martial arts, both rigidity and softness, and can "lead the people to calm the people and fear the enemy".

It emphasizes anticipating the enemy's use of troops and striking at the enemy according to the situation. In view of the different characteristics of the six kingdoms of Qi, Qin, Chu, Yan, Han, and Zhao, such as politics, geography, popular conditions, armies, and formations, different operational policies and tactics were proposed. For example, in an aligned battle, "one-third of them must be hunted to the left and right, and they will be coerced and obeyed"; in a war against Qin, they should first show their advantage, and when their soldiers lose control, they will "take advantage of the obedient hunting and scattering, and set up ambushes and speculations"; in the battle against Chu, they will "attack and disrupt their tun, seize their spirits first, advance lightly and retreat quickly, and be tired and tired, and do not fight"; in the battle with Yan, they will "touch and press, and the mausoleum will be far away, and gallop behind" and "be careful that we will avoid the road by riding on our chariots"; and when fighting against Han and Zhao, they will "block the formation and suppress them, reject them when they come, and chase them when they go, so as to tire their divisions."

It also stresses the need to "judge the enemy's reality and tending to its danger." He pointed out that there are eight situations in which one can attack the enemy without having to ask for the good and the bad, and in thirteen situations, it is necessary to "strike at one step without suspicion" in order to take advantage of the gap and not lose the opportunity of the fighter; and he also listed six situations in which one can decide not to fight the enemy without divination, and "avoid doubting them." He further pointed out that "hesitation is the greatest harm in the use of troops, and the disaster of the three armies is born from suspicion." It also pays attention to "contingency" and proposes specific tactics such as attacking strong, attacking people, fighting in the valley, fighting in water, and besieging cities. It was the first to make a special discussion of horse breeding and horsemanship.

If "Wu Zi" is really written by Wu Qi, then "Wu Zi" is likely to be his own set of experiences sorted out during his time as the commander of the Chu State.

Because the description of "Wu Zi" is very different from "The Art of War", and this can be seen from the content of "Wu Zi", "Wu Zi" is more like a comprehensive military book for governing the country and the army, rather than like a military book that is biased towards a certain aspect.

......

Although "Wu Zi" is a military book, it is more of a collation of Wu Qi's experience, and in Wu Qi's thinking, it is very likely that there is a concept of not being in his position and not seeking his own politics.

Because Wu Qi can see this in the first volume of the content of "Wu Zi":

"The First in the Atlas"

Wu Qi Confucianism and saw Wei Hou with military opportunities.

Hou said: "Widows are not good for military affairs. ”

Qi said: "The minister saw the hidden, and in the past, what the lord said was contrary to his heart." At four o'clock, the king cut off the leather, covered it with vermilion lacquer, painted it with danqing, and shimmered with a rhinoceros. Winter clothes are not warm, and summer clothes are not cold. With a long halberd of two feet and four feet, and a short halberd of one foot and two feet. If you are prepared to enter the battle and retreat, and do not seek to use it, such as the fighting dog of the chicken, the tiger of the milk dog, although there is a fighting spirit, then die. In the past, the king of the Sang clan cultivated virtue and abolished the military to destroy his country; The master of the Ming Dynasty must cultivate virtue internally and govern the armed forces externally. Therefore, when the enemy does not advance, there is no arrest of righteousness, and the zombie mourns, and there is no arrest of benevolence. ”

So Hou was from the cloth, the lady held it, Jiao Wu started in the temple, set up as a general, and guarded the West River. Seventy-six battles with the princes, all victories were sixty-four, and the rest was solved. Cultivating the soil on all sides, expanding the land for thousands of miles, all of them have worked.

Wu Zi said: "Those who plan the country in the past must first teach the people and be close to the people. There are four kinds of discord: if you are not at peace with the country, you cannot send out the army, if you are not at peace with the army, you cannot go out of Chen, if you are not at peace with Chen, you cannot go to war, and if you are not at peace with the war, you cannot win a decisive victory. It is the Lord of the Way, who will use his people to make peace first and create great things. I dare not believe in his personal schemes. It will be told in the ancestral temple, opened in the Yuan turtle, and when it is in the sky, Ji Nai will be raised. The people know that the king loves his life and regrets his death, if this is the case, he will be in trouble with it. The scholar is proud of death, and it is humiliating to retire. ”

Wu Zi said: "The husband is the Taoist." Therefore, the righteous will do meritorious deeds, the plotters will benefit if they violate the law, and those who want to do so will keep their karma. If it is not in accordance with the way, it is not in accordance with righteousness, and it is in a great place, and the trouble will be reached. It is to use the saint to follow the way, reason to righteousness, and move to courtesy. Treat it with kindness. These four virtues, the cultivation of the prosperity, the abolition of the decline, so into the soup to please the Xia people happy, Zhou Wu and Yin people are not wrong. Acting in accordance with the heavens, so it can be carried out. ”

Wu Zi said: "Whoever governs the country and the army must be taught courtesy." Encourage righteousness and make shame. Madame is ashamed, in the big enough to fight, in the small enough to defend. However, it is easy to defeat, but it is difficult to defend. Therefore, it is said: The Warring States of the world, the five victors are woe. Four winners are disadvantages, three winners are dominant, two winners are kings, and one winner is emperor. It is rare to win the world by numbers, and many to die. ”

Wu Zi said: "There are five reasons why all soldiers rise: one is to fight for fame, and the other is to fight for profit, and three is to accumulate (virtue) evil." The fourth is civil strife, and the fifth is due to hunger. There are five names: one is called a righteous soldier, the second is a strong soldier, the third is a strong soldier, the fourth is a violent soldier, and the fifth is a rebel soldier. The prohibition of violence and the rescue of chaos are said to be righteous, and the people are forced to fight and be strong, because of the anger of the teacher, the abandonment of etiquette and greed and profit, the country is chaotic and the people are tired, and the people are rebellious. The five (number) [service], each has its own way, righteousness must be subdued, strong must be subdued, rigid must be subdued, violence must be subdued by deceit, and adversity must be subdued by power. ”

Wuhou asked: "I would like to hear the way to govern the army, feed the people, and consolidate the country." ”

He said: "The ancient king of Ming must be careful with the courtesy of the monarch and the minister, decorate the etiquette of the upper and lower levels, gather the people, teach according to the customs, and be simple and talented, so as to be safe." Xi Qi Huan recruited 50,000 soldiers to dominate the princes, Jin Zhao moved forward 40,000 to gain his ambition, and Qin Miao framed Chen 30,000 to subdue his neighbors. Therefore, the king of a strong country must anticipate its people. Those who have the courage and courage of the people gather as one. Happy to enter the battle to serve, in order to show their loyalty and bravery, gather as a pawn. Those who can go beyond the height and distance, and who are light and good at walking, gather as a pawn. The king's ministers lost their positions and wanted to see the credit of the above, and gathered as one pawn. Abandon the city and defend it, and those who want to get rid of its ugliness will be gathered together. These five are also sharpened by the military. With these 3,000 people, you can break the siege from the inside, and you can slaughter the city with the outside. ”

Wu Hou asked: "I wish to hear that Chen must be sure, defend must be solid, and win the battle." ”

If you can make the sage at the top, and if you are not at the bottom, then Chen has already set the name; if the people are safe and their fields and houses, and if they are close to them, they will be solidified." If the people are my lord and not our neighbors, the war will be won. ”

Wuhou tried to do things, and the ministers couldn't reach it, and there was joy when he stopped the dynasty. Qi Jin said: "The king of Xichuzhuang tried to make a plan, and the ministers could not reach it, and he retreated from the dynasty and was worried. Shen Gong asked: 'The king is worried, why not?' and said: "Few people have heard of it, the world is endlessly sage, there is no shortage of virtuous people in the country, and those who can win their teachers are kings, and those who can win their friends are tyrants." Now the widow is not talented, and the ministers are out of reach, the state of Chu will be ruined!' This is the worry of the king of Chu Zhuang, and the king said that the ministers are afraid. So Wuhou was ashamed.

From the content of this volume of "Tuguo", it can be seen that Wu Qi's thinking is different with the change of his status.

At the time of his meeting with the Marquis of Wei, it was likely that Wu Qi was an ordinary person who had fled to the Wei State from the Lu State, and after the Marquis of Wei learned that Wu Qi had defected, he decided to meet with him. In this case, Wu Qi was naturally able to show his talent to Wei Hou.

During the period of Wei Wuhou, Wu Qi was already a high-ranking official of Wei, and he wanted to go further and become the prime minister of Wei.

......

In the operational ideas of "Wu Zi", there is one point that Wu Qi believes is very important, which is to anticipate the enemy's first opportunity, so as to be able to grasp the battlefield situation on the battlefield.

This can be seen from the second volume of "Wu Zi":

"The Second Enemy":

Wu Hou said to Wu Qi and said: "Now Qin is in the west, Chu is in the south, Zhao Chong is in the north, Qi is in the east, Yan is in the east, Han is in front of me, and the soldiers of the six countries are defending in four directions, so what can I do?"

He said: "The way of the country, the first precept is the treasure." Now the king has quit, and the disaster is far away. The ministers asked to discuss the customs of the Six Kingdoms: Fu Qi Chen is heavy but not strong, Qin Chen is scattered and fights by himself, Chu Chen is rectified and not long, Yan Chen guards but does not leave, and Sanjin Chen does not use it. ”

"The husband is strong, the country is rich, the monarch and the minister are arrogant and simple to the people, the government is wide and uneven, one Chen has two hearts, the front is heavy and the back is light, so it is heavy but not strong. Hit this way, must be threeth, hunt its left and right, coerce and follow, its stale can be bad. Qin has a strong nature, its land is dangerous, its politics is strict, its rewards and punishments are trusted, and its people do not let it, all of them have a fighting spirit, so they disperse and fight themselves. To strike this way, we must first show it to benefit and lead it away, and the soldiers are greedy for gain and leave their generals, take advantage of the obedient hunting, set up ambushes and speculation, and they will be desirable. Chu is weak, its territory is wide, its politics are commotion, and its people are tired, so it will not be long after rectification. Attack this way, attack its tun, first seize its qi, advance lightly and retreat quickly, do not work hard, do not war, its army can be defeated. Yan is cautious, his people are cautious, brave and righteous, and deceitful, so he keeps it and does not leave. Hit this way, touch and press, mausoleum and far away, gallop and then it, then doubt and fear, I will ride the road to avoid, it will be captured. The three Jin people, China also, its nature, its political peace, its people are tired of war, accustomed to soldiers, light generals, thin Qilu, soldiers have no will to die, so they do not use governance. Hit this way, block Chen and suppress it, and if everyone comes, they will reject it, and if they go, they will chase it, so as to tire their teachers. This is also the trend. ”

"However, in an army, there must be a tiger and a man, who is light to carry the tripod, light to the horse, to hold the flag and kill the general, and there must be a capable person. If this is the case, it is a military life to choose and choose something else, and love and value it. Those who have five soldiers, are physically ill, and are determined to devour the enemy must be added to their ranks and can win a decisive victory. Thick to his parents and wives, persuading rewards and fearing punishment, this strong man can be long-lasting, can judge this, can be doubled. ”

Wu Hou said: "Good!"

Wu Zi said: "Anyone who expects the enemy to have an unpredictable battle with the eighth. One said: "The wind is cold, the early rise and fall asleep, the wood and the water, not afraid of difficulties." The second said: Midsummer is hot, Yan Xing is endless, and the line is driven **, so as to take the distance. Three said: The division has been flooded for a long time, there is no food, the people are angry, and the demons are counted, and they can't be stopped. Fourth, he said: The military funds are exhausted, the salaries are scarce, the sky is cloudy and rainy, and there is nothing to plunder. Fifth, he said: There are not many disciples, the water and land are unfavorable, the people and horses are plagued, and the neighbors are not there. Sixth: The road is far away and the sun is twilight, the soldiers are tired, tired and have not eaten, and they are relieved and rested. Seven said: The thin officials are light, the soldiers are not solid, the three armies are shocked, and the master and apprentice are helpless. Eight said: Chen is undecided, he is not finished, he is in danger, half hidden and half out. Something like this, no doubt. ”

"There are six who do not occupy and avoid. One said: The land is vast and the people are rich. The second said: The top loves the bottom. Hui Shi Liufu. Three said: Reward the letter and criminal inspection, and the time will be obtained. Fourth, he said: Chen Gong is in the ranks, and he is able to do so. Five: The master and apprentice, the essence of the armor. Sixth: the help of neighbors, the aid of big countries. This is not as good as the enemy, and avoid it. The so-called see that you can advance, and retreat when you know the difficulties. ”

Wu Hou asked: "I want to look at the outside of the enemy to know the inside, to observe his progress to know his end, to determine the victory or defeat, can I hear it?"

He said: "When the enemy comes, he is careless, the flag is disturbed, the number of men and horses is concerned, and one can hit ten, and he will be at a loss." The princes (large) [not] will, the monarchs and ministers have not made peace, the ditch has not been completed, the ban has not been imposed, the three armies have not been envisaged, they can't go forward, they don't dare to go, they will not be defeated in a hundred battles with half a blow. ”

Wu Hou asked the enemy how to attack.

He said: "In the use of troops, it is necessary to judge the enemy's reality and danger to him." The enemy has arrived from afar, and the ranks are undecided, and they can be attacked; they can be attacked if they have no food and equipment; they can be attacked when they are running; they can be attacked if they are industrious; they can be attacked if they do not obey when they are not in order; they can be attacked if they are not in line with the time when they are in trouble; they can be attacked if they are not satisfied after wading through a long road; they can be attacked if they wade through the water; they can be attacked by wading through a narrow road; they can be attacked when they move by Chen Shu; they can be attacked if they are leaving; they can be attacked if they are terrified. If this is the case, choose to rush sharply, divide the troops to follow, and do not doubt the rapid attack. ”

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