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As one of the most important foundations of TCM treatment, the status of Chinese herbal medicine is unquestionable. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info%77%77%77%2e%76%6f%64%74%77%2e%63%6f%6dAs a classic for the identification and use of herbal medicines, many medical books on materia medica can be said to be one of the important links for Chinese medicine practitioners to understand the role of herbal medicines.

However, there are many errors in many materia medica classics, even the most important materia medica classics before the "Compendium of Materia Medica", that is, the "Materia Medica", which is considered to be compiled by official institutions, have many errors.

These mistakes, the small ones can't cure the disease is secondary, and the big ones will even cause the patient to die because of the drug.

This can also be regarded as an important basis for Li Shizhen's compilation of the "Compendium of Materia Medica".

As for whether Li Shizhen has been cheated in this regard......

Zhang Jiashi said that it is not surprising that there is, just like in ancient times, generals who have not been pitted by maps, and who have definitely not been on the battlefield.

Of course, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" is not completely infallible, and even errors in some medicinal properties have appeared repeatedly, but this is not a big problem for the "Compendium of Materia Medica", and Li Shizhen has also repeatedly looked for the mistakes of the "Compendium of Materia Medica" compiled by himself, and even made three major corrections, which is the most valuable for Li Shizhen.

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The Compendium of Materia Medica has a total of 52 volumes, containing 1,892 kinds of medicines, including 374 kinds of new drugs, collecting prescriptions, and also drawing 1,160 exquisite illustrations in the book, about 1.9 million words, divided into 16 parts and 60 categories. This taxonomy has been transitioned to a system that evolves naturally. The scientific classification of plants predates the Swedish taxonomist Linnaeus by 200 years. Each drug is divided into the following items: Interpretation (determining the name), Jijie (describing the place of origin), Correctness (correcting errors in past literature), Repair (processing method), Odor, Indications, Invention (the first three refer to the analysis of the function of the drug), and Prescription (collecting prescriptions circulated among the people).

The Compendium of Materia Medica includes 881 kinds of botanical medicines, 61 appendices, a total of 942 species, plus 153 named unused plants, a total of 1095 species, accounting for 58% of the total number of known medicines in later generations. Li Shizhen divides the plant into five parts: grass, grain, vegetable, fruit, and headquarters, and divides the grass part into nine categories, including mountain grass, fragrant grass, wet grass, poisonous weed, vine grass, aquatic grass, stone grass, moss grass, and weeds, which is a precious heritage in the treasure house of medicine in China. It is a systematic summary of traditional Chinese medicine before the 16th century, and also has outstanding achievements in exegesis, language, history, geography, plants, animals, minerals, metallurgy, etc.

This book was disseminated at the end of the 17th century, and has been translated into many languages, and has also made outstanding contributions to the world's natural sciences. The information was cited by Darwin. It is a summary of the pharmacology of the motherland for thousands of years. This pharmacopoeia, both in terms of its rigorous scientific classification, and in terms of the number of drugs it contains and the flow and vividness of its writing, far surpasses any ancient work on materia medica. It is known as the "Oriental Medicine Classic", which has the greatest impact on modern human science and medicine, and is a precious heritage in the treasure house of medicine in China.

Later generations believed that the achievement of the "Compendium of Materia Medica" first changed the original classification method of upper, middle and lower grades in the classification of drugs, and adopted the scientific classification of "analyzing the group and subheading". It divides drugs into mineral drugs, botanical drugs, and animal drugs. Mineral medicine is divided into four parts: gold, jade, stone, and halogen. According to the performance, morphology, and growth environment of plants, the plant medicine is divided into five parts, including grass, grain, vegetable, fruit, and wood, and the grass is divided into sub-categories such as mountain grass, fragrant grass, awakening grass, poisonous weed, aquatic weed, vine grass, stone grass, etc. The animal category is arranged in the order of evolution from low to high level into 6 parts: insect department, scale department, intermediate department, bird department, animal department, and human department. There is also a server department. This taxonomy has been transitioned to a system that evolves naturally. From inorganic to organic, from simple to complex, from low to high, this taxonomy clearly contains the idea of biological evolution and was highly valued by Darwin. In his book "The Variation of Animals and Plants in Domestic Breeding", Darwin cites the information in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" about the seven varieties of chickens and the domestication of goldfish. In particular, the scientific classification of plants predates the Swedish taxonomist Linnaeus by 200 years.

The Compendium of Materia Medica covers a wide range of scientific fields such as medicine, pharmacology, biology, mineralogy, chemistry, environment and biology, heredity and variation. In the history of chemistry, it recorded a series of chemical reactions such as pure metals, metals, metal chlorides, and sulfides. At the same time, some operation methods used in modern chemical industry, such as distillation, crystallization, sublimation, precipitation, and drying, are also recorded. Li Shizhen also pointed out that the moon, like the earth, is a celestial body with mountains and rivers, "the moon is a ghost, and the one who whispers in it is the shadow of the mountains and rivers." "Compendium of Materia Medica" is not only a masterpiece of pharmacology in China, but also an encyclopedia in ancient China.

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In order to solve the problem of publishing the Compendium of Materia Medica, Li Shizhen, who was in his 70s, went from Wuchang to Nanjing, the center of the publishing industry at that time, hoping to solve the problem through private businessmen. Due to years of hard work, Li Shizhen finally fell ill in bed, and instructed his children to dedicate the "Compendium of Materia Medica" to the imperial court in the future, and spread it to the world with the help of the power of the imperial court. It's a pity that Li Shizhen passed away before he saw the publication of the "Compendium of Materia Medica". In this year (1593), he had just turned 76 years old.

Soon, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Xujun, in order to enrich the national library, ordered all parts of the country to donate books to the imperial court, and Li Shizhen's son Li Jianyuan dedicated the "Compendium of Materia Medica" to the imperial court. The imperial court approved the seven words "the book is kept and the Ministry of Rites knows", and the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was put aside. Later, under the engraving of Hu Chenglong, a private engraver in Nanjing, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was published in the third year after Li Shizhen's death (1596).

In 1603 AD, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was engraved in Jiangxi. Since then, it has been widely disseminated in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 30 kinds of engraved copies of the Compendium of Materia Medica in China. The 1596 inscription of Hu Chenglong in Jinling is now in the library of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and was inscribed on the Memory of the World Asia-Pacific Register in March 2010.

In 1606, the "Compendium of Materia Medica" was first introduced to Japan, and in 1647, the Polish Mig came to China and translated the "Compendium of Materia Medica" into Latin and spread it to Europe, and later translated it into Japanese, Korean, French, German, English, Russian and other languages.

In this book, Li Shizhen pointed out the real effectiveness of many medicines, such as Changshan can cure malaria and Yanhusuo can relieve pain. He also gave examples of easy poisoning in daily life, such as using tin as a wine container, because the toxins can dissolve in the wine, and over time, it will cause chronic poisoning to drinkers. When he encountered difficulties in his writing, he also went to the field to observe. As said in the old Materia Medica, pangolins devour ants are trapped by scales. He thought it was strange and thought that it was better to see than to hear, so he got a live pangolin, and after carefully observing its daily routine, he found that it was eating ants with its tongue. He also dissected the stomach pouch of the pangolin and found that there were as many as a liter of ants in it, so he wrote this account.

Li Shizhen worked hard and meticulously wrote his masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica". Because he criticized mercury as "non-toxic" in the book, and served for a long time to "become immortals" and "immortal", the emperor's ministers at that time believed in the alchemy of mercury among Taoist scholars, so the big booksellers did not dare to publish this work, and it was not until his death in 1596 A.D. that it was not available to readers. It was immediately reverberated and spread everywhere and reprinted, becoming a must-have book for doctors. Since the 17th century, the Compendium of Materia Medica has been translated into Japanese, German, English, French, and Russian. The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, published in 1953, collected a total of 531 kinds of modern drugs and preparations, of which more than 100 kinds of drugs and preparations were adopted in the Compendium of Materia Medica.

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The relationship between drugs and prescriptions in the Compendium of Materia Medica is mainly based on the medicinal properties of drugs.

Among the prescriptions recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", many of them are appendices in the introduction of drugs:

Dew:

When the autumn dew is heavy, I go to the flowers and plants in the morning to collect it. The smell is sweet, flat and non-toxic.

Indications: It is used to decoction to moisten the lungs and kill insects, or to adjust the powder for the treatment of scabies and worms into external dressing, which can enhance the efficacy.

Prescription: White Flower Dew: Quench thirst. Potpourri: Makes the skin healthy. Cypress leaf dew, calamus dew: Washing your eyes every morning can enhance your eyesight. Leek leaf dew: treatment of vitiligo. Apply to the affected area every morning.

Mingshui:

Interpretation: Also known as Fang Zhushui. Fang Zhu is the name of a large mussel. On the night of the moonlight, Fang Zhu was caught, and the water in his shell was stored, which was clear and pure, that is, Fang Zhu's water. The smell is sweet, cold and non-toxic.

Indications: It is used to wash the eyes, can remove fog and eyes, drink this water, and has the effect of calming the nerves, and also to remove children's heat. [10]

Slurry water:

Interpretation: also known as sour pulp. After corn (this does not refer to corn, but to millet, barley, and sticky rice) is cooked, it is placed in cold water and soaked for five or six days, the taste becomes sour, and white flowers grow on the face, and water is taken for medicinal purposes. But if it is soaked to corruption, the water is harmful. The smell is sweet, lukewarm, and non-toxic.

Indications: vomiting and diarrhea (drinking dried ginger in pulp water), eating bacon, causing muscle pain and stomach stuffiness (fried porridge in pulp water, adding a small amount of eagle feces, the effect is better), swollen and sore fingers (soaked in slurry water and salt to soak the affected area, water should be cooled and heat exchanged), black moles on the face (wash your face with hot slurry water every night, then rub it red with a cloth, and rub it with white sandalwood grinding juice), bones in the throat (after Cishi is quenched by fire and vinegar, add baked Chen orange red and many years of slurry water feet, and make it into balls, such as a large pot, swallow one pill each time).

The slurry water can also regulate the middle and induce air, appetize and quench thirst, relieve annoyance and sleep, regulate the internal organs, and facilitate urination.

Lap Snow:

Interpretation: Take the frost method, sweep it with chicken feathers, put it in a bottle, seal it and store it in a cool place, although it becomes a liquid water, it will not be bad for a long time. The smell is sweet, cold and non-toxic.

Indications: Wax snow is sealed and stored in a bottle, placed in a cool place, and it will not be bad for decades. Wax snow is beneficial to vegetables and wheat, and can kill insects and locusts, used to soak grain seeds, it is drought tolerant and does not produce insects, sprinkled on furniture, can drive away flies, drown all fruits and food, and can avoid moth. There are insects in spring, and the snow water is easy to rot, so it can not be used in medicine.

P.S. Wax snow can detoxify all poisons. Treat temperature epidemics, drunken fever, children's fever and so on. Jaundice can also be treated, but it should be slightly warmed when serving. Rinse the eyes with snow to reduce the redness of the eyes, make porridge with sencha to quench fever and quench thirst, and apply prickly heat to the effect.

Loess: The smell is sweet, flat and non-toxic.

It is mainly used for the treatment of red dysentery, intra-abdominal hot and poisonous colic, and bleeding. Take dry soil, boil water three or five times, precipitate and drain, and warm one or two liters. The loess also resolves all kinds of poisons. Such as medium botulinum poison, mouth pepper poison, wild fungus poison, etc. Treatment of children's black yarn convulsions (a kind of convulsions, the whole body is jet black). Use a bowl of loess and a cup of aged vinegar to stir-fry. After frying, wrap it in a cloth and iron the child's whole body, up to the feet, and puncture it.

When the eyes suddenly can't see anything, use loess to dissolve water and take the supernatant to wash the eyes. Flesh hemorrhoids are swollen and painful. Use one or two of sunny loess, coptis chinensis, and skin nitrate, adjust pig bile, grind it like mud, make jujube balls, and stuff them into ****. After overnight, the pill is excreted with the stool. When taking the medicine, it is necessary to take Wumei Huanglian Erwei Pill internally. Bruises. Use five liters of loess, steam, and iron the wound in two packs in turn. Don't make the bag cold, but it shouldn't be too hot, for fear of burning the flesh. This recipe has a miraculous effect, and those who fall to the point of despair can often be saved. Stings from centipedes or other poisonous insects. Take the loess and mix it or rub it with vinegar soil.

East Wall Soil:

Interpretation: The soil on the east wall of the old house is called the east wall soil. The smell is sweet, moist and non-toxic.

Indications: Sudden heartache. Use the aged east wall soil and dry alum to each two coins, and study it together as the end to make a secret pill, and take it with mugwort soup. Vomiting and diarrhea, drug poisoning, aconitum poisoning, etc. Drink it with the aged East Wall Clay Boiled Juice. Intraocular pannus. Use the fine soil of the east wall to dot the film every day, and it is better to burst into tears. Anal prolapse. Grind the powder with honey locust, and the fine soil of the east wall, fry it, put it into a cloth bag, and iron the **** protrusion while it is hot. Itchy prickly heat. Pour it with dry powder from the east wall. Ear sores and cold sores. Apply with the east wall soil and Hu powder. Scrofula running water. Use the soil on the earthen wall in the kitchen of the old thatched house, grind the end, add light powder to adjust the dress, and it can be cured in half a month. All kinds of sores. Use the east wall soil and rhubarb in equal parts (that is, half is half), mix well with dripping water, rub the sores on it, and then wipe it when it is dry. Carbuncle on the back. Use the smoked east wall soil, add yellow equal parts, and coat it with clam shell powder (clams, a kind of small snail, raw lake swamp mud ground, commonly known as inkstone) and the east wall soil.

Forge ash:

Interpretation: Refers to the ash in the calcining furnace, which contains the effect of iron. The smell is pungent, bitter, slightly cold, and non-toxic.

Indications: Symptoms and lumps. Su Gong pointed out: It is effective to treat sudden growth of lumps. Postpartum pubic detachment. Use purple forging stove ash, add mutton fat, fully and evenly, wrap it in a cloth, bake it on the fire, iron the affected area, and push it on.

Chrysanthemum pillow:

The "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that the chrysanthemum flower is used as a pillow, which can be brightened. It is also good for stroke, facial paralysis, tetanus, convulsions in children, rheumatism (arthritis), etc.

Indications: wind-heat headache. Use chrysanthemum, gypsum, and Chuanxiong each for three coins, and study together for the end. One and a half dollars per serving, and the tea is lowered. Knee wind pain. Use chrysanthemums and Chen Aiye as knee pads. Sick and angry. Use white chrysanthemum and cicada to molt, divide into equal parts, use two or three coins each, add a little honey, and decoction in water. Swollen pubic swelling in women. Mash the decoction with chamomile seedlings, smoke first and then wash. Dizzy. Use a pound of chamomile flowers and six taels of red peppers (to the eye), and study them together. Add rehmannia juice and meatballs, such as sycamore. Fifty pills per serving, tea at bedtime.

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In Zhang Jiashi's heart, the doctor can be regarded as one of the hundred schools of thought that can be supported by national policies.

But there is one thing, that is, even if some doctors' books are recorded in the Qingyu Spirit Book, they may not be able to play their own role.

This point also requires Zhang Jiashi to make a trade-off in his free time before making a decision on the next arrangement. (To be continued.) )

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