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Although in a sense, the Mississippi rifle represents the last glory of the front-loading musket, but in the face of the first large-scale installation, the same war-tested rifle, and the revolutionary rear-loading rifle - the Dresser rifle, I am afraid that it will not end better than the Mineer rifle. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

The Dresser rifle, also known as the Dresser Needle Rifle, was a fairly advanced military breech-loading rifle at the time, and brought great technical and tactical advantages to the Prussian army in both the Prussian-Danish War and the Austro-Prussian War. It can be said that this gun played a pivotal role in the history of rifle development.

Many sources mention that the Dresser was the world's first widely adopted military breech-loading rifle, but in fact there was an American Hall before it.

A needle pistol, as the name suggests, is a rifle that fires bullets with a firing pin. After pulling the trigger, the long rod-shaped firing pin on the bolt pierces the paper cartridge case, striking the primer, igniting the ****** and ejecting the projectile.

Its inventor, Dreiser, whose full name was Johann Nicolaus von Dreiser, was the son of a locksmith. During his years, Dreisai experimented with several breech-loading guns at the Paris Gunworks, but none of them were successful. After leaving the Paris Gunworks, Dreser returned to his hometown of Semelda, and in 1814 set up his own factory for the production of fire caps, and it was in this factory that Dreiser designed the Dresser needle pistol. In 1864, Dreiser was made a nobleman, and before that, Dreiser was supposed to be called Johann Nicolus Dreiser.

In 1876 Dreiser died at the age of 89 in Semelda.

The development of the Dresser rifle can be described as quite tortuous and dramatic:

In 1814, returning to his homeland, Dresser began the design of a rear-loading gun in his own factory.

In 1836, Dreser completed the design of a needle-shot pistol loaded from behind. At that time, rifles were loaded from the muzzle, and loading from the back was undoubtedly a very "non-mainstream" practice. However, the Prussian government recognized the superiority of this "non-mainstream" rifle, so the government immediately acquired this invention and secretly developed it as a state-of-the-art secret weapon.

In 1841, after Dreiser had solved several key and leapfrogging key technologies for the needle pistol, the Dleiser rifle was immediately adopted by the Prussian army and equipped with its name.

In 1848, the secret of the Dresser pistol was revealed. But for this excellent rifle, many people are against it. It is said that a Prussian general hated rear-loading guns so much that he left a last word when he died, asking for a burst of gunfire from a front-loading smoothbore gun on his grave, otherwise he would not die. When a Swiss military delegation visited Prussia, the Swiss general, who had inspected the Prussian breech-loading unit, shouted as he walked: "It is noble to eat with your mouth, and a Swiss shooter would never be so humble as to shoot with a '**** gun' loaded from the tail." ”

But soon, the war changed their minds. In the Prussian-Danish War, the rifles of the Prussian army shone brightly, and in the Austro-Prussian War, the Prussian army relied on the superiority of the rear loading of the needle-fired pistol bullet and won the war in only seven weeks. After several battles in which front-loading units were beaten to pieces by rear-loading units, European countries that realized the power of rear-loading guns began to develop and equip rear-loading guns. In Switzerland, when someone asked the general who called the rear-loading gun "**** gun" what he thought of the rear-loading gun, the general had to say: "The gun is the same whether it is front-loading or rear-loading, but eating is indispensable for the mouth." ”

Soon, the Swiss army decided to change the rear-loading gun, and he never dared to object.

And this became an important opportunity for the design of the Dresser rifle to gradually become the mainstream of the world.

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The projectile, initiator charge and black powder are all contained in a cylindrical paper cartridge case called a "" using the principle of "pinprick" ignition, but the initiator is not mounted at the tail of the shell, but in the middle of the bottom surface of the projectile. When the trigger is pulled, the force of the spring releases the slender firing pin, which pierces the bottom of the cartridge case from the front end of the bolt and continues to the front until it pierces the detonator at the bottom of the projectile and detonates it, igniting the black powder inside the cartridge. Before the bolt can be opened, a wrench at the rear of the firing pin must be moved before it can be rotated and rear-opened, reloaded with the next round, pushed into place and rotated to close the chamber. Before firing, you need to hand hold the wrench on the back of the firing pin up and rotate it back to the position where you want to fire.

Ammunition is loaded from the front of the barrel, while reloading is loaded from the back of the firearm. Then the advantages are obvious. If a person wants to load ammunition from the muzzle, then the person must stand up, and in the absence of cover, the whole person will be exposed to the enemy's gun, while the rear loading gun is different, with the rear loading gun, you can load the ammunition while lying down, and it will be difficult for the enemy to attack. Moreover, a rotary rear-pull bolt was adopted, which greatly increased the rate of fire. The rate of fire was nearly 5 times higher than that of the front-loading guns that were commonly equipped by the troops of various countries at that time. It was these two advantages that allowed the Prussian army to defeat the Austrian army in seven weeks.

In a sense, the Chasebo rifle is largely a modification of the Dresser rifle.

Around 1857, the 24-year-old Chasepo designed a rear bolt hammer carbine, combined with the design of the Dresser firing pin gun, Chasepo changed the hammer to a firing pin, and placed the primer at the bottom of the bullet, this design now seems nothing special, but combined with the stupid design of the Dresser needle gun that placed the primer in front of the ******, we will find that the design of Chasebo is much more reasonable.

Chasebo's most convincing innovation was the rubber air trap on the surface of the bolt to prevent gas leakage, although this method was not perfect, because the rubber would shrink and harden after each shot due to the gas action and eventually lose its effect, and it would need to be replaced at any time, but what was the problem compared to the dire firing pin of the Dresser rifle?

The Chasebo rifle was loaded with paper packs, although practical medium-fire brass bullets had appeared at the same time, and the French authorities also used this technique on snuffbox rifles that appeared the following year, probably out of distrust of brass bullets, and the Chasebo rifle did not undergo a similar modification until after the Franco-Prussian War.

In terms of locking, the Chasepol was no better than the Dresser, and in the years after the Franco-Prussian War, the bolt system of the Chasepol began to fall behind, but it was not difficult to convert the Chasebo rifle into brass bullets, while the Dresser rifle could not.

The bayonet of the Chasepol rifle is very famous, both because of its special shape and because of its ridiculously long bayonet of 72 centimetersA Chasebo rifle with a bayonet can reach 1.88 meters.

And for this, later generations jokingly said that this was an idea of the French at that time to prepare for the restoration of spear tactics.

The performance of the Chasebo rifle in the war is indeed relatively good, but its impact on the outcome of the battle has become insignificant because of the stupidity of the higher-ups:

In July 1870, the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Napoleon III confidently put on the battle, the ambition of conquest blinded his eyes that were not very open, the result of the war we all know, Napoleon III's ambition was drowned in the Krupp heavy artillery and Prussia's huge black tide, on September 2 the Battle of Sedan ended, the Prussians looked proudly at their special booty - It was not easy for Napoleon I to jump out of the House of Honors without anger, including Napoleon III, and the Second Reich collapsed on September 4.

In the face of unfavorable war situations, the Chasepol rifle still proved its value, it can be said that the French army with a dark cloud above its head was only superior to the rifle, as early as the beginning of the war in the frontal conflict near the Rhine, the powerful firepower of the Chasepol rifle made the Prussian army suffer, the mighty Krupp cannon and the courage of the soldiers could indeed solve most of the problems, but the Prussians knew that they could not expect their next opponent to be as stupid as the current French, in general, the Chasepol rifle greatly stimulated the Prussians。

As the unscrupulous joke that mocked the French \'French rifles, brand new, never used and only thrown to the ground once'

At the end of the war, the Prussian army had seized more than 600,000 'brand-new' Chasepol rifles, and they soon realized that although the French army was so vulnerable, this could not hide the fact that the Dressier needle gun was nothing more than a burning stick in front of Chasepo.

There is a saying that "the French army, which was taken aback after the Austro-Prussian War, decided to fully equip the breech-loading rifle with the Chaspo rifle", which is really very interesting, in fact, the Prussian army had relied on the Dressy needle to beat the Danish army as early as the Prussian-Danish War in 1864, and the French army was equipped with Chasepol rifles at the same time as the Austro-Prussian War, so this was neither the main factor nor the direct factor, and the fabrication factor was about the same.

On August 30, 1866, the Chasepo rifle was approved for use in the French army, and in the same year he was awarded the Legion of Honor and a reward of 30,000 francs.

The first drop of blood of the Chasepo rifle came from the Italians, in January, Garibaldi led the volunteer army into Rome, the French Emperor Napoleon III sent troops to enter Rome first and formed an alliance with the Pope, on November 3 in the Battle of Mentana, Garibaldi's poorly organized and serious lack of cavalry artillery was severely attacked by the French army equipped with Chasepo rifles, more than 1,000 dead and wounded had to withdraw from Rome the next day, the wounded even included Garibaldi himself, the French army suffered only 38 casualties.

\'Chasepo has done a miracle!' This is by no means an exaggeration, the war of Italian unification has always included the joyful image of a French friend in a blue shirt and red pants, and it is not uncommon to be beaten to the head and sent back to France with a rope, and the reason is none other than that the battle of Mentana, the old immortal Nice, which caused Garibaldi to lose his halberd in Rome, is indeed worthy of a good excitement for the French.

After the unification of the German Empire the following year, these Shasepol rifles were directly distributed to the expanded German army, and it is worth mentioning that the Mauser rifles that were later equipped with the German army used the same 11mm caliber as the Chasepol rifles, and the Shasebo rifles after simple modifications could also use Mauser rifle cartridges.

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But there is another theory that the birth of this rifle is not directly related to the Chasebo rifle:

The Germans learned an important lesson from the Russo-Turkish War, in which the Winchester repeating rifles used by the Turkish army completely suppressed the single-shot rifles used by the Russian army, especially in the siege of Pleven in 1877, when the firepower of the Winchester repeating rifles was so powerful that the invincible bayonet offensive of the Russian army was completely dismantled.

But a more figurative statement should be that the design of the Chasebo rifle and the actual combat efficiency of the repeating rifle finally led to the birth of the Mauser 71/84 rifle.

Paul Mauser initially tried to design a cassette magazine, but he could not solve the problem due to the failure of the upper double bomb in the test, so he had to refer to Winchester's tubular magazine system to design. Since the magazine is hidden in the front stock, the Type 84 rifle is not much different from the Type 84 rifle in appearance. However, due to the backward design of the tubular magazine, and the fact that it was not long before the Germans developed a new small-caliber smokeless ****** rifle cartridge and adopted the Type 1888 Commission rifle, the Type 84 rifle was equipped with a small number of weapons and a short time.

However, it is said that the use of this old rifle was found in some second-tier units during World War I.

And among the pedigree of the Mauser 1888 Commission rifle, one of its evaluations is indeed very interesting, that is, this is a famous firearm that is a combination of the firearms technology of several major powers.

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