readx;? During the seventh tribal rule, Jiang Ke, a descendant of the Jiang family, was the leader of the tribal alliance. The pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info its tribe (the name of the tribe is unknown) ruled time: BC3200~2900.

In 3000 BC, the Yandi Shennong clan reached its heyday and controlled the entire Yangtze River basin and the Yellow River basin (including the Hemudu and Yangshao cultures), and expanded to Qinghai in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Shandong Peninsula in the lower reaches. At this time, the matrilineal clan society began to disintegrate, and it entered the period of patrilineal clan society. The Yan Emperor Shennong clan began to enter the Bronze Age.

The main sites of this period include the Majiayao culture and the Dawenkou culture:

Majiayao culture: the upper reaches of the Yellow River and Gansu, the Tao River, the Daxia River and the Huangshui River basin in Qinghai. Time: BC3700~2000 years ago. Typical site: Majiayao site in Lintao County, Gansu Province. It is a local type of Yangshao culture that developed westward, also known as the Majiayao period of Yangshao culture.

The inhabitants mainly engage in dryland agriculture, mainly millet and millet. A large number of agricultural production tools were found, such as stone shovels for ploughing the ground and claw sickles for harvesting. Grain processing tools include stone grinding discs, stone grinding rods, stone pestles and stone mortars. Raising pigs, dogs, sheep and other livestock. Although the agricultural economy was relatively advanced, gathering and hunting activities remained important aspects of economic life. Most of the sites have found stone arrowheads, bone arrowheads, stone balls, etc.

Most of the pottery is formed by the clay strip plate construction method, the pottery is orange-yellow, and the surface of the ware is very finely polished. Kilns and pottery kilns, pigments, stone slabs for grinding pigments, and tinted pottery dishes were found.

The painted pottery of Majiayao culture was mainly painted with pure black in the early stage, and the patterns were painted with pure black color and black and red colors in the middle period, and the patterns were painted with black and red colors in the late period. The pottery process of Majiayao culture has begun to use slow wheel trimming. He also used the wheel to draw concentric circles, strings, parallel lines and other ornaments, showing skillful painting skills. Discover groups of figures, dances, paintings, hundreds of symbols written with a pen and ink, and more.

Specialized potters appeared. The development of painted pottery is a significant feature of Majiayao culture, in all the painted pottery culture found in our country, the proportion of Majiayao culture painted pottery is the highest, and its inner color is also particularly developed, the characteristics of the era of the pattern are very distinct. He created pottery ancestors (male genitalia), humanoid and animal-shaped pottery sculptures, and pottery house models.

After the decline of the painted pottery of Yangshao culture in the Central Plains, the painted pottery of Majiayao culture continued to develop for hundreds of years, pushing the painted pottery culture to an unprecedented height. Majiayao cultural pottery industry is very developed, its painted pottery inherits the Yangshao culture temple ditch type of hearty style, but the performance is more fine, forming a gorgeous and elegant artistic style, than Yangshao culture has further development, artistic achievements have reached the peak of the height.

The burial goods in the cemetery, such as stone axes, adzes and stone chisels, and spinning wheels and daily pottery for women, reflect the division of labor between men and women. There are differences in the quantity and quality of burial goods, and the difference becomes greater the later period, some of them reach more than 90 pieces, and some have nothing. This widening gap between the rich and the poor marked the gradual disintegration of primitive society and the arrival of class society.

There is a fairly clear division of professional and technical labor in social production, and the primitive handicraft industry is mainly pottery, stone tool manufacturing, carpentry, and textiles. A bronze knife was unearthed at the Linjia Majiayao Cultural Site (3000 BC) in Dongxiang, Gansu Province, which is the earliest bronze artifact currently found in China and is proof of China's entry into the Bronze Age.

Dawenkou culture: most of Shandong (except Jiaodong Peninsula) BC4300~2500 years. Typical site: Dawenkou site, Tai'an City, Shandong.

The Dawenkou culture is engaged in primitive agricultural production based on millet cultivation, and the custom of artificial deformation of the occipital bone and tooth extraction is prevalent. Livestock breeding is relatively developed, and the bones of pigs, dogs, cows, chickens and other domestic animals and poultry have been unearthed at various sites, and dogs and pigs are often found in cemeteries. After the middle of Dawenkou culture, the trend of burial with pigs is gradually flourishing, the whole pig, half a pig, pig's head or pig jawbone are constantly found in the tomb, in the Dawenkou cemetery, the tomb with the pig accounts for more than 1/3, and the pig jawbone is buried with as many as 32 in a tomb in Sanlihe, Jiaoxian County, indicating that the pig breeding industry of each clan and tribe has been very prosperous in the middle and late period.

The tools of agricultural production are mainly polished stone tools. In the early days, in addition to some stone shovels and stone axes that were rough and retained scars, a large number of well-sharpened perforated axes, knives, shovels, etc. were used, harvesting tools were bone sickles and mussel sickles, and tools for processing grains were stone pestles, stone grinding discs, and stone grinding rods. In the middle and late stages of this culture, there were shoulder stone shovels, stone pickaxes, and some antler hoes.

The pottery is mainly sand-filled pottery and clay red pottery. Clay pottery is often decorated with perforations and scratches, and there are painted pottery and simple vermilion pottery. A few of the sandy pottery is decorated with piles and baskets. Three-legged apparatus and round-legged apparatus are well developed, and there are also flat-bottomed apparatus, round-bottomed apparatus and bag-legged apparatus. Typical utensils are goose-shaped vessels, kettle-shaped vessels, bowl-shaped vessels, pot-shaped vessels, perforated ring-footed beans, double-nosed pots, back pots, broad-shouldered pots, full-footed mustaches, bag-footed mustaches, high-handled cups, bottles and large-mouthed statues.

The Dawenkou culture has found pottery arts and crafts imitating animal shapes, and the animal-shaped beams produced in the middle period can be called treasures in the history of arts and crafts;

The social economy of Dawenkou culture has developed comprehensively and rapidly after the middle period. The emergence of white pottery, jade, ivory and the application of fast-wheel pottery technology show that some handicrafts have been separated from agriculture and become a relatively independent economic sector.

In the late period, the fast wheel was used to produce large pieces of pottery, such as the large pottery pot made of wheels buried in the tomb of Dawenkou; there was a new source of raw materials for pottery, and crucible soil was found to be used to fire a kind of white, yellow, and pink fine sand pottery with hard texture, thin and uniform tire wall, and bright color, collectively known as white pottery, and this kind of fine sand pottery has a bag-footed mustache, a three-legged cup, a broad-shouldered pot and a cylindrical bean. At this time, the thin-tire polished black pottery high-handled cup fired at this time represented the highest level of pottery-making technology at that time, and prepared the conditions for the advent of eggshell pottery of Shandong Longshan culture in the future. The appearance of white pottery and black pottery in the Dawenkou culture is the earliest in the world.

It may be a text inscription found on the pottery of the Dawenkou culture, which can be regarded as an earlier Chinese character that has been discovered, and can also be regarded as a kind of inscription, which is an inscription that expresses a clear meaning, and the shape and meaning are clear at a glance, so it is not an ordinary inscription.

The jade-making industry was more developed, with the emergence of elaborate jade shovels and more jade ornaments, including charms composed of individual pieces of different shapes.