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c_t; In addition to giving Zhang Jiashi a lot of help in terms of mechanism technology and smelting, the Mo family also gave a lot of support in training for some swordsmen with relatively strong personal combat strength. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

This can be said to be something that Zhang Jiashi did not expect at the beginning.

Some time after he arrived in Liaodong, because of the fierce battles that broke out along the Great Wall with the Donghu people, the Liaodong army suffered heavy losses, and Zhang Jiashi officially proposed to the Mo family to provide strong assistance in the training of some personnel.

But what Zhang Jiashi and the Mo family didn't expect was that this aspect of cooperation between them would actually affect the Great Qin Empire for a long time.

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The Mo family can be said to be very famous in the training of swordsmen or some other martial arts.

This was evident in the middle and late Warring States period.

And these people are often called ink makers.

Of course, ink artists in a broad sense are not necessarily swordsmen or martial arts talents.

Moshi originally referred to the people who created and followed Mohist ideas during the Warring States period and later periods, mostly from lower-class peasants and small craftsmen, who had a spirit of selfless dedication and a deep love for human society that is difficult for ordinary people to understand.

Most of the Mozi scholars believe in the core ideas of Mozi and love, non-attack, Shangxian, Shangtong, thrift, funeral, non-music, non-life, Tianzhi, and Ming ghosts, and at the same time have combat capabilities, with the Mojia Juzi (the head of the Mo family) as the core to form a paramilitary organization, and the Momen disciples must obey the orders of the giants and sacrifice their lives to implement the Mohists' ideas.

The Moists tried to create an ideal country of "love and mutual benefit" in the world, and when they flourished, they were attacked by Confucianism, Taoism, and Confucianism.

After the unification of Qin, private learning was forbidden, and "full-time criminal law, while Confucianism and Mo were mourned". In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, advocating the study of Huang Lao, Moxue was revived in local areas and among the people, and when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty respected Confucianism, the law, Taoism, yin and yang were absorbed or transformed by Confucianism, only Moxue was regarded as heresy in the years that followed, and was hit hard, and was reduced to a unique school in Chinese history in the past 2000 years, and the Moji was also annihilated in the long river of history.

And these ink masters who can swordsmanship or other martial arts are more often called rangers.

The emergence of the Mohist Ranger is a split in the Mohist ideology and policy.

After Mozi's death, the Mohist school diverged. There are the ink of the Xiangli clan, the ink of the Deng Ling clan, and the ink of the Xiangfu clan, which were active in the middle and late Warring States period. In terms of the view of nature, he gave a materialist explanation of the relationship between matter, movement and time and space, rejected Mozi's concept of heaven and ghosts, and closely linked materialist philosophy and science. In terms of epistemology, it carries forward the characteristics of Mozi's emphasis on practice, recognizes the knowability of the material world, and overcomes the error of narrow empiricism. In terms of political thought, he put forward the famous thesis of "righteousness, profit", which highlighted profit and used it as a standard and basis to explain various social problems and moral categories.

After the split, there is a corresponding statement, which speaks of the split.

Chu Mo's Deng Lingzi, this faction is more of a chivalrous person, doing righteousness everywhere. They oppose the wars of various countries, believing that these wars are waged by the powerful for their own interests, to the detriment of the people, and they measure the world by their own values.

This school is a school of scholars who mainly debate, they travel around the world, teach the Mohist idea of love, they oppose the use of violence to solve problems (even including uprisings), and hope to achieve peace in a gentle way, and they are also the most fantastical school in thought. [See the latest chapter of the book]

Qin Mo's Xiang Liqin, this school pays attention to scientific and technological research and is very pragmatic. The reason for helping the Qin State was also because they saw that only the system of the Qin State at that time was the closest to the final vision of their Mo family, so they were willing to help the Qin State complete the unification war.

And this statement Zhang Jiashi thought it was undesirable, and after communicating with Mo Hong and others, the Mo family was indeed split after Mozi's death, but it was more of a difference in thought.

Because the differences within the Mo family after Mozi's death were mainly resolved by the Yu Slippery who succeeded him as Juzi at that time.

......

Yu Huali is the first person of the Warring States period, the chief disciple of Mozi, and his character is Shenzi. His descendants took his character as their surname, forming the surname Shen. He was once a disciple of Confucianism, learned from Zixia, and has been concentrating on ink since he switched to Mozi.

After the death of Mozi, the Mohist family was separated into three schools, "there is the ink of the Xiangli clan, the ink of the Xiangfu clan, and the ink of the Deng Ling clan".

"Zhuangzi Tianxia Chapter" also has a similar discussion: "The disciples of the five marquis of Xiangliqin, the ink of the south, the bitter gain, the tooth, and the genus of Deng Lingzi, all recite the ink scripture, and the times are different, and they are called different ink." ”

Xiangli Qin is Xiangli's family, Mr. Qian Binsi according to the local chronicles, Xiangli's ancestral residence is now Fenyang, Shanxi; According to this, it is very clear that the post-Mo school is divided by region. Xiangli's west is closer to Qin, and it is the ink of the west; the five marquis immediately after Wu Zixu, Juqi, is the ink of the east; and Deng Lingzi and others are undoubtedly the ink of the south.

Among them, the most powerful is the ink of the West. During the reign of King Huiwen of Qin, the ink scholar Juzi Belly Huang Fu settled in Qin, at this time, the ink center has been transferred to the Qin State, and the representative figures are not only the belly Huang Fu, but also Tang Guguo, Tangzi and so on. According to Mr. Li Xueqin's research, the various texts of the city guard in the Mozi book have many things in common with Yunmeng Qin Jian, among which they are either called "Gong" or "Wang", which is likely to be the works of King Huiwen and his successors.

In addition, it is often called the Bird Slippery Slippery in the article, and the Moxue branch is about the disciple of the Bird Slippery Sect. It can also be corroborated from the literature that the bird slippery is a disciple of Mozi, "Mozi has been doing things for three years, his hands and feet are calloused, his face is dark, and he is a servant, and he does not dare to ask questions." However, "Zixia Juxi River...... Tian Zifang, Duan Ganmu, Wu Qi, and Poultry Slippery are all employed by Zixia Zhilun". In this way, the bird slippery was taught by Zixia and may have lived in the Xihe area for a long time. From a geographical point of view, Xiangfuqin is the descendant of the bird, and this branch was later introduced to the Qin State.

In "Mencius", it is expressed on the side that the bird is a representative of the ranger school:

Lu wants to make Shenzi a general. Mencius said: "If you use it without teaching the people, it is said to be a disaster to the people." Those who harm the people are not allowed in the world of Yao Shun. Once you defeat Qi, then there will be Nanyang, but you can't. ”

Shenzi was displeased and said: "I don't know what I don't know." ”

Mencius said, "I tell the son." The land of the Son of Heaven is thousands of miles, but not thousands of miles, not enough to treat the princes. The place of the princes is 100 miles, not 100 miles, which is not enough to keep the classics of the temple. Zhou Gongzhi was sealed in Lu, for Fang Baili, the land is not insufficient, and thrifty is in a hundred miles. Taigong's seal is also in Qi, and it is also a hundred miles of squares, and the land is not insufficient, but thrifty in a hundred miles. Now Lu Fang Baili is five, the son thinks that there is a king to do, then Lu is in the loss, in the benefit, in order to take everything from the other, and the benevolent do not do, but in the matter of killing people in order to seek the gentleman's things, the gentleman is also, to lead the king to be the way, the ambition is benevolent. ”

......

Diligent life and death, hard work, martyrdom to righteousness, and the benefit of the world are the basic style of Mozi and the basic tradition of Mohist. The turbulent situation of the Warring States period and the complicated political struggle made the chivalrous warrior who "died for his confidant" a talent specially needed by the princes and ministers. Gu Jiegang once pointed out, "However, in the era when the Warring States were attacking the most violently, not only could they not abolish military affairs, but their spirit of generosity to death was even greater than that of the Spring and Autumn Period." There are many good warriors of the old soldiers. They formed a group of their own and did not mix with the scribes. The writer called it 'Confucianism', and the warrior called it 'chivalry', Confucianism values reputation, and chivalry emphasizes righteousness. The opposition of Confucianism and Xiaxia, if divided into Jing and Wei, has lasted for 500 years since the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty. “

"Han Feizi Five Worms" said: "Confucianism uses literature to mess with the law, and chivalry uses martial arts to violate the ban", Confucianism and chivalry refer to rangers. "Huainan Zitai Clan Training" said: "Mozi served 80 people, all of whom can go to the fire and die without spinning." “

Lu Jia's "Xinyu Siwu" says: "There are many warriors in the gate of Mozi. "From the deeds of Mozi's disciples, such as the Mo family's giant belly and Meng Sheng, we can also see the style of the Ranger School. Yu Huali followed Mozi, wrapped his feet, traveled a long distance, rushed to the Song Kingdom, and led 300 disciples of Mozi to help Song defend the city and stop Chu from attacking Song. Poultry slippery has been in Mozi for three years, with calluses on his hands and feet, his face is full of Mo, and he is a servant and does not dare to ask questions.

The son of the Mo family giant killed people, and King Qin Hui ordered the officials not to be punished, and the abdomen adhered to the Mo man's law of "the murderer dies, and the wounder is punished", and finally killed his son. Meng Sheng, the giant of the Mo family, defended the city for the king of Chuyang City and died in his duties, and 183 people including his disciple Xu Qiao were martyred.

"The Biography of the Historical Rangers" said, "Today's rangers, although their deeds are not in the course of justice, but their words must be believed, their deeds must be fruitful, they have promised to be sincere, they will not be subject to their bodies, and they will go to the misfortune of the soldiers." "This is essentially the same as the Ranger.

Mozi advocated and adhered to the creeds of "words must be believed, deeds must be fruitful, words and deeds are combined, as if in accordance with the moderation, and words are not done", "words must be spoken, body must be done" and other creeds are the basic creeds of the ranger.

From the above documents, it can be seen that the existence of the Mohist Ranger School is undoubtedly meaningful. In addition, the existence of the Ranger can be confirmed by further transfer from the Ranger Activity Center. The giant son Meng Sheng led his disciples to guard the city for the king of Chuyang City, with the giant son as the center, it can be said that the center of the ranger's activities is in Chu. After Meng Sheng died, the giant was passed on to Tian Xiangzi who lived in the Song Dynasty, and the activity center of the Ranger faction was transferred to the Song Dynasty. Later, Tian Jiu led his disciples into Qin, "The ink artist has Tian Jiu who wants to see King Qin Hui, and he stays in Qin for three years and can see him." The guest has a saying to the king of Chu, to see the king of Chu, the king of Chu is happy, and the general's festival is like Qin. to, because of the king of Hui. "The giant of the Later Mo family lives in Qin and is deeply valued by King Qin Hui. This record may also show that Tian Gu entered the Qin Chuan giant position to the belly. The rangers were mostly brave warriors, and most of them were in charge of defending cities, which was not only suitable for the Qin State at that time, but also used to defend against the invasion of the northern ethnic minorities.

The Ranger faction's rise to power in Qin can also be corroborated by its words and deeds against the Mohist polemics.

The chapter "Han Feizi Waichu Says the Upper Left" records Tian Jiu's refutation of the words of the polemicists: "The talk of this world is also the words of the arguments, and people read the text and forget its use. Mozi said, preaching the way of the ancestors, talking about the words of the sage, in order to declare people, if you argue with it, you are afraid that you will not forget its use, and you will use it with the text. “

"Lü's Spring and Autumn Goes to Selfishness" records the deeds of the ranger faction Tang Guguo Fei Mo Debate School, "Xie Zi, the ink man of the East, will see King Qin Hui in the west." King Hui asked Tang Guguo, the ink scholar of Qin, who was afraid that Xie Zixian, the king's relative, was also in his own right, and said: "Xie Zi, the debater of the East, who is very dangerous, will be desperate to say that he will win the young master." The king waited for him because he was angry. Xie Zizhi, said the king, Wang Fu listened. See you again the day after tomorrow, and listen to it instead. Xie Zi didn't say anything, so he left. These records show that the faction from the bird slippery, Meng Sheng, Tian dove, and to the belly mainly inherited the spiritual tradition of "preparing for the urgency of the world with rope and ink self-correction", and they corresponded with the martial arts of "the soldier dies for the confidant" at that time, and sought the same breath. They are what Mozi called the activists who engage in righteousness.

With their heroic spirit and firm dedication, they opposed empty talk, and fought for the realization of Mozi's ideals in the battle of blood and sword. The objective existence of the Ranger faction and calling it the Ranger faction is credible.

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In the "Historical Records", there is also a "Biography of the Rangers" that describes the situation of the Mohist rangers:

Han Zi said: "Confucianism uses literature to mess with the law, and chivalry uses martial arts to violate the ban." Both are ridiculed, and the bachelor is mostly called Shiyun. As for the prime minister's doctor, auxiliary wings of his lord, his fame is written in the Spring and Autumn Period, and there is nothing to say. And if the season, the original constitution, the people of Luxiang also, read with the virtue of a lone gentleman, do not fit the world, and laugh at the world. Therefore, the season and the original constitution are empty for life, and the brown clothes are sparse and the food is not tired. It has been more than 400 years since he died, and his disciples are tireless. Today's ranger, although his deeds are not in the course of justice, but his words must be believed, his deeds must be fruitful, he has promised to be sincere, he does not love his body, and he goes to the hardship of the soldiers. It has survived and died, but it is not capable of it, and it is ashamed of its virtue, and there are enough people to cover it.

And urgency, people are always there. Taishi Gong said: "The former Yu Shun was embarrassed in Jingxiao, Yi Yin was lost to Ding Yan, Fu said that he was hidden in Fu Wei, Lu Shang was trapped in Jianjin, and Yi Wu was shackled; This is the so-called benevolent people, and they are still suffering from this, and they are involved in the end of the troubled world with Chinese materials.

The contemptible people have a saying: "How can you know benevolence and righteousness, and those who have benefited from it are virtuous." "Therefore, Bo Yi ugly Zhou, starved to death in Shouyang Mountain, and Wen and Wu did not degrade the king for this reason; From this point of view, "those who steal the hook are punished, those who steal the country are punished, and the Hou Zhimen is benevolent and righteous", which is not a lie.

Nowadays, if you are detached in learning or holding the righteousness at hand, you have been lonely in the world for a long time, how can you be humble about the vulgar, and take glory and fame with the ups and downs of the world! Therefore, the poor and embarrassed people have to be commissioned, is this not the so-called evil among the virtuous and the noble? It is necessary to believe in words and beliefs, and the righteousness of chivalry is less!

The hero of the ancient cloth clothes has been heard of. In modern times, the disciples of Yanling, Mengwei, Chunshen, Pingyuan, and Xinling are all because of the relatives of the king, and by virtue of the wealth of the Tuqing Minister, they recruit sages in the world and famous princes, which cannot be said to be unsages. For example, if you are blowing with the wind, the sound is not a disease, but its momentum is also excited. As a hero of Lu Lane, practicing fame and reputation in the world, it is difficult to be called virtuous. However, Confucianism and ink are not loaded. Since before Qin, the heroes of the horsemen have been annihilated, and they are hated very much. As far as I heard, there are Zhu family, Tian Zhong, Wang Gong, Ju Meng, and Guo Xie in Hanxing. The name is not in vain, and the scholar is not in vain. As for the friends of the party, the sect is stronger than the Zhou, the financial service is poor, the tyrannical and the lonely are weak, the wanton is happy, and the ranger is also ugly. Yu Bei didn't notice what he meant, and he laughed at the Zhu family, Guo Xie and other people who were like tyrants.

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