Chapter 106

As a person born as a Taoist, Zhang Jiashi has a certain understanding of the development of Taoism. But he wasn't a disciple, so even in this respect, he knew more about it.

At the very least, he existed as a "wild road" Daomen, and he did not have in-depth exchanges with the authentic Daomen people of the Longhu Mountain faction.

In Zhang Jiashi's understanding, once the development of Taoism, Buddhism or Confucianism is respected by the supreme controller of a country, then the sect can develop rapidly in a short period of time.

Just like Buddhism, although Buddhism suffered heavy losses in the "three martial arts and one sect to destroy the Buddha", Buddhism did not completely disappear in even one action to destroy the Buddha, on the contrary, Buddhism was able to develop a certain scale even in later generations, and we can know how capable these large religions are of survival.

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Buddhism can be said to be a religion that originated in foreign countries, but in the history of the country, Buddhism was not a large religion except for a period of time after the introduction of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the scale of Buddhism has developed into a large sect living in Taoism.

Buddhism arose in ancient India in the 5th century BC. The founder's name is Siddhartha Gautama. At the age of 20, he left home and became enlightened, and since then he has been honored as "Buddha", which means enlightened person, or "Buddha" for short, and his religion is called "Buddhism".

In the hundreds of years after the Buddha attained Nirvana, Buddhism spread throughout the Indian subcontinent. Due to the different understandings of the doctrines within primitive Buddhism, there was a split, and it entered the period of tribal Buddhism, which was mainly divided into the Satha and the popular sect, and the Southern Buddhism was mainly the Mazada sects, which prevailed in Sri Lanka and spread throughout Southeast Asia, and then introduced to Yunnan.

The most widely said is that in the tenth year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to the Western Regions to seek Buddha statues and scriptures, and invited monks such as Jiaye Moteng and Zhu Falan to Luoyang, and established the first government-run temple in Luoyang - White Horse Temple, which is the birthplace of temples in our country; and completed the earliest translation of Buddhist scriptures in our country in this temple, "Forty-two Chapters Sutra". There are three main schools of Buddhism: Chinese, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism.

In the seventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Han Ming Dynasty stayed in the South Palace at night, dreaming of a golden man with a height of six zhang and a light on his head from the west, flying around the palace. The next morning, Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty told his ministers about the dream, and Dr. Fu Yi said that "there is a god in the West, called Buddha, as you dreamed." Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed when he heard this, and sent more than ten people, including ministers Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to the Western Regions to pray for Buddhist scriptures and Buddhism.

In the eighth year of Yongping, Cai, Qin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on a 10,000-mile journey of "learning scriptures from the west". In the Kushan Empire, he met the Indian monks Se Mo Teng and Zhu Falan, saw the Buddhist scriptures and the white felt statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, and implored the two monks to go east to the country to preach the Dharma.

In the tenth year of Yongping, two Indian monks were invited to return to Luoyang, the capital of the country, with the envoys of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty was very happy to see the Buddhist scriptures and Buddha statues, and was extremely polite to the two monks, personally received them, and arranged for them to live temporarily in the official office "Honglu Temple", which was in charge of foreign affairs at that time.

In the eleventh year of Yongping (68 AD), Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty decreed the construction of a monastery in the north of the three miles of the imperial road outside the Xiyong Gate in Luoyang. In commemoration of the White Horse Sutra, it was named "White Horse Temple". The word "temple" is derived from the word "temple" of "Honglu Temple", and later the word "temple" became a general name for the national temple. It was here that he translated the Forty-Two Chapters Sutra, which is the first Buddhist book translated into Chinese in the surviving country.

In the 150 years after 68 A.D., there are 192 Buddhist scriptures, a total of 395 volumes of Buddhist scriptures translated here, and the White Horse Temple has become a well-deserved national first translation of the scriptures.

In the second year of Cao Wei Jiaping, the Indian monk Tan Ke Jia Luo came to the White Horse Temple. At this time, Buddhism also entered the market from the deep palace. Subsequently, Tan Ke Jialuo translated the first Chinese Buddhist precept "Monk's Caution" at the White Horse Temple. During the same period, the monk Tan Di of the Rest of the State also translated the "Tan Wu De Karma" that regulated the organizational life of the Sangha at the White Horse Temple. At this point, the precepts and the constitution of the Sangha have been completed, and a path for people destined to become monks and practice the precepts has been paved, which is the beginning of the local precepts.

In the fifth year of Cao Wei's manna, an ordination ceremony was held in the White Horse Temple, an event destined to be deeply engraved in the history of Buddhism in China. On this day, Zhu Shixing ascended the ordination altar according to the "Karma Law", knelt in front of the Buddha, and became the first monk in the Han Dynasty to officially receive the mound ordination. Since then, the ancient Confucian tradition of "the body is skinned, and the parents who receive it dare not destroy it" have been broken.

In the first 200 years of Buddhism's roots and spread in China, the whole process was closely related to the White Horse Temple. This is the product of the country's first westward quest for the Dharma, and it is the residence of the first monks who came to the country to preach the Dharma...... In short, the White Horse Temple is closely linked with many "firsts" of national Buddhism, which makes it a veritable ancestral court and source of national Buddhism.

Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has entered a stage of flourishing development. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has spread all over the country, the number of monks and lay Buddhists has increased rapidly, the Northern Wei Dynasty "Luoyang Jialanji" records that the temples in Luoyang City reached 1,367 at its peak, and the Chang'an monks and nuns in the north are more than 10,000, and there are hundreds of Buddhist temples in the south.

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The period of the first rise of Buddhism can be extrapolated to the period of Emperor Wu of Liang.

Emperor Wu of Liang, Xiao Yan, can be said to be the first emperor to "sell" Buddhism.

During the half century of the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang, he vigorously advocated Buddhism, with many temples and towers, and many famous monks. We often recite the famous sentence of the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu, "Four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, how many buildings and rain", and many of its temples were built under the auspices of Emperor Wu of Liang. According to historical statistics, there were 2,846 Buddhist temples and 82,700 monks and nuns in the Southern Liang period.

In the third year of Emperor Wu of Liang's reign, that is, on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month of the third year of Tianjian, he personally led more than 20,000 Taoist people to compose "Giving Up the Tao and Serving the Buddha" in the Chongyun Hall of the capital Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), officially announcing his conversion to Buddhism, and vowing that "I would rather fall into the evil way in the long course of the righteous law, and I am not happy to be born temporarily according to Laozi's teaching." He demanded that the princes, nobles, and even the common people also believe in Buddhism. In the eighteenth year of the Heavenly Prison, Emperor Wu of Liang was officially ordained as a Bodhisattva in the Wujian Palace, so he was known as the "Emperor Bodhisattva" in history.

Buddhist thought had a great influence on Emperor Wu of Liang, and the history books say that he "won one crown for three years, and one was for two years". Emperor Wu of Liang's life was very frugal, eating vegetables every day, not eating at noon, paramecium and gezu, Luo Qi was not stained. After the age of 50, he will never have sex and stay away from concubines. He compared the Buddhist theory of compassion and abstinence from killing to Confucianism: "A gentleman is like a beast, seeing its life, but not bearing to see its death, and hearing its voice, not bearing to eat its flesh." It is a combination of the benevolent idea of "a gentleman and a gentleman who cooks", not only does he not eat meat, but also requires the state to abstain from killing, and replace the original pigs, cattle and sheep with vegetables and fruits. On weekdays, the imperial physician is not allowed to use insects and animals as medicine, and the brocade is not allowed to add the shape of birds and beasts. This view of compassion is not only a significant development of the Buddhist precepts in India, but it is also very nationally distinctive.

In his later years, Emperor Wu of Liang was even more respectful of Buddhism, not only greatly promoting Buddhism, but also building water and land pujas, worship and confession pujas, and obon festivals, and according to legend, he also personally compiled the "Compassion Dojo Confession" (commonly known as "Liang Huang Bao Confession" or "Liang Huang Confession"), which has been passed down to this day.

He devoted a lot of energy to the study of Buddhist scriptures, and wrote some commentaries on Buddhist scriptures such as "Commentary on the Great Pruna Sutra", "Commentary on the Great Nirvana Sutra", and "Pure Name Sutra Yiji", and personally lectured on the scriptures. He tried to take charge of the country's Buddhist affairs by taking the post of senior monk, but was unable to do so due to the opposition of the monks. In the history of Buddhism, it is well known that Emperor Wu of Liang gave up his life in the monastery four times, and his subordinates spent huge sums of money to redeem it four times, which is unique in the history of Buddhism in China.

Emperor Wu of Liang also intervened in the spiritual life of the Sangha with political power, and specially promulgated the "Breaking Wine**", gathering all the monks to make a vow in front of the Buddha and vowing to "cut off wine and meat forever". Due to his strong advocacy, Han Buddhist monks and nuns changed their original habit of eating "three pure meats", abstained from alcohol and vegetarianism, purified their mouths, and vegetarianism became a major tradition of Han Buddhism.

Some of the contents of "Alcohol Breaking**" are as follows:

Disciple Xiao Yan Jingbai, all the great virtuous monks and nuns, all righteous monks and nuns, and the three officials of the temples, have been tired of the meat of the fish and the flesh, causing bitter fruits. Yan Futi is one hundred and twenty years old, as for the world, it is rare to hear of it, and it is scattered and changing, and there is no night.

The scriptures say that with one thought, there are sixty moments, life and old age are impermanent, when there is no change, there are temporary roots, Russia decays, three paths and other suffering, suddenly, want to leave hell, it is very difficult, the precepts are pure, fear is inevitable, and in the case of destruction, can it be avoided?

Although it is not diligent and convenient to eat vegetables and food, and it is useless to avoid bitter retribution, why is it so?

Although he can not commit many sins in this life, he will report his karma strongly, but now he has no convenience, and he can't cover up the suffering of the three ways, and he will drink and eat sentient beings again. All monks and nuns must believe in the Buddha's language, and they should be self-reliant. If the cloud vegetable is difficult to eat.

This is a lack of confidence, if you have confidence, you should be self-reliant, have a decisive heart, how difficult is it to eat vegetables, vegetables, fish and meat, all are confused, if the heart can be at ease, it is the smell of nectar, if the heart is uneasy, it is stinky to eat, so the Nirvana Sutra says, when you eat, let the son of meat think. If you are not confused, why do you need this method?

Let's put it in the distance, and stop borrowing near metaphors. Those who can eat vegetables now hate blood, and those who can't eat vegetables hate vegetables, and so on, should be self-reliant, and return to the confusion of the good, the confusion of the good, the importance of convenience, the food of the vegetable seeds, with such a heart, you have to decide.

Anyone who can not leave the fish and meat, are cold vegetables and vegetables, make people weak, fish and meat warm, in the benefit of people, as said, are upside down, this try to repeat the rude words, its matter is not Er, if the long-term food people, Rongwei circulation.

Whoever is like this, who suffers from fever and is able to eat and drink, is full of energy, and the vegetables are not cold, and can be nourishing. All the ascetics, too, are vegetables and vegetables, and they are all afflicted with heat, and they are all strong, and their spirits are refreshing, and they are less tired. All fish for life, all kinds of cold, bloody for the law, growth of a hundred diseases, so fish eaters, the gods should be dim, the four body law are heavy, no matter the way to report, there are three ways of suffering, instant four, there is no time, this is not confused, because the heart has its own attachment, sweet fish and meat, it is for the warmth to make up, this is the opposite, the matter is not credible.

There is another kind of person who thinks that the food is cold, so he reverts to the vegetarian. This is the walker does not get the intention of the dish, the vegetable and the fish, such as water and fire, the desire to eat the dish is powerful, the fish is fishy, and the vegetable can be extinguished, so the confused cloud vegetable is cold. Anyone who solves amateurs cannot enter the power of vegetables and vegetables, and cannot retreat from the evil benefits of fish and meat.

It is the monks and nuns, and they should know one thing. Anyone who eats fish and meat is the realm of demons, walking in the devil's line, the heart is not decided, there are many difficulties, and the demons inside and outside are working together, so the walker misses the fish and meat, and the wine is the magic pulp, so it goes without saying. Those who eat fish and meat and drink alcohol, the good gods are far away, there is no righteousness in them, and so on, the law is more and more troubled.

There is another kind of person, although he can eat and drink, but he is more slow than treacherous, and he is greedy, and if he is so, he also falls into the demon world, more than he is troubled. There is another kind of person, who seems to be familiar to the layman, but who is rough and evil in his heart, who sees others better than himself, who often harbors resentment, and who does not do good, and who is also in the demon world. If the heart is determined and the vegetable food is bitter, if it is and others, it is mostly supported by good forces, and the law is more capable, and those who are not upright should be thought, not to decide the heart, and to determine the person.

All the great virtues and monks and nuns, there are those who have achieved the industry, and they have gone today, and they are enlightened, so that those who have not obtained them can get them now, if they have practiced, they are willing to be strong, and if they have not done it, they are willing to reform. Today, we are together as Bodhi seeds, don't blame the disciple Xiao Yan for always being white.

......

But Emperor Wu of Liang's belief in Buddhism did not bring him a good death.

In the later period of his reign, it can be said that because of his actions to make his mind faint, he forced the former Eastern Wei general Hou Jing who defected to the Liang State, and finally created the tragedy of the "Hou Jing Rebellion":

In March 549, Hou Jing besieged Jiankang. The city was besieged for a long time, food was cut off, hunger and disease plagued it, the people were swollen and angry, and the roads were full of corpses, and there were less than 4,000 people who could climb the city to resist. The kings of Southern Liang held heavy troops, but they were suspicious of each other and did not move. On the twelfth, Hou Jing invaded Jiankang and sacked it, which was known as the "Hou Jing Rebellion" in history.

In the face of the surging rebels, the confused Emperor Wu of Liang actually sent Xiao Zhengde to the front line to command the army. After the two armies confronted each other, Hou Jing sent someone to trick Xiao Zhengde and said that as long as he was willing to do internal response, he would support him as emperor after overthrowing Emperor Wu of Liang. So Xiao Zhengde secretly sent dozens of big ships to help Hou Jing's rebels cross the Yangtze River, and personally led the rebels to cross the Qinhuai River, but unfortunately he was killed by Hou Jing before his dream came true.

After Hou Jing invaded Jiankang, he surrounded Taicheng, where Emperor Wu of Liang lived. And those princes and nobles who were pampered by Emperor Wu of Liang on weekdays, although they had hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses, they all stood by and watched. It was only at this time that Emperor Wu of Liang woke up like a dream and scolded those disloyal and unfilial descendants, but unfortunately it was too late to regret it.

After being besieged in Taicheng, Hou Jing sent people to monitor Emperor Wu of Liang, and Emperor Wu of Liang's diet was also cut by Hou Jing. In the end, Emperor Wu of Liang was bitter and unrealized, and became angry and sick. In May, Emperor Wu of Liang was starved to death in Taicheng at the age of 86 and buried in Xiuling. He is Emperor Wu, and the temple name is Gaozu.

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