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In the eighth year of Zu Yi (BC 1484), in a place called Pi (Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong), an arowana was discovered. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info The ministers reported to Zu Yi, believing that it would become a land of dragons, close to the Great Peng Kingdom, Peng Bo was loyal to the Shang Dynasty and was a good barrier for the Shang Dynasty. At the same time, the natural conditions of the shelter are superior and the products are abundant, which is conducive to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Zu Yi then ordered to build a city in Pibei, taking it as the capital, and sent a special person to raise arowana and worship it day and night.

When Zu Yi moved to shelter, some of the Shang Dynasty princes did not follow him to the south, and still stayed in Gengdi (Longmen, Hejin City, Yuncheng, Shanxi), Zu Yi sealed his younger brother Zu Bing in Gengdi, established Geng State, and established Zu Bing as the monarch of Geng State.

Zu Yi built the capital city in the shelter, built a temple, built a shrine, and built a barracks. Zu Yi took advantage of the favorable conditions of Pi to develop agriculture and animal husbandry, so that the economy of the Shang Dynasty was restored and developed, and the Shang Dynasty flourished again.

During the reign of Zu Yi, with the help of the Great Peng State, he sent troops several times to pacify Lanyi, Banfang and other countries, and relieved the threat of the Yi people in the southeast to the Shang Dynasty. The social economy of the Shang Dynasty was restored and developed, and the Shang Dynasty flourished again.

During the reign of Zu Yi, there was a famous woodcutter called Wan Nian, one day he went up the mountain to cut wood, and after cutting, he sat under the tree to rest. He looked at the shadows of the trees, but all he thought about was how to set the seasons. Before he knew it, more than half an hour had passed, and he noticed that the shadows of the trees on the ground had quietly moved their bearings. Wan Nian had an idea, and thought, why not use the length of the sun shadow to calculate the time? After returning home, Wan Nian designed a "sundial". However, on a rainy day, the sundial loses its effectiveness.

One day, Wan Nian was drinking water by the spring, and saw the water on the cliff dripping down rhythmically, and the regular dripping sound inspired him. After returning home, Wan Nian made a five-layer leaky pot and used the leakage method to time. In this way, no matter whether the weather is cloudy or sunny, you can control the time correctly.

With the tool of timekeeping, Wannian observes the changes of the seasons more carefully. After a long period of induction, he found that every 360 days, the length of the day would be repeated. As long as you understand the laws of the sun and the moon, you don't have to worry about the inaccurate seasons.

Wan Nian brought a self-made sundial and a water leak pot to meet the Shang king Zuyi, explaining that the festival was not allowed to have nothing to do with the gods. Zu Yi felt that what Wannian said was very reasonable, so he left Wannian behind, built a sundial platform and a leaky pot pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, and sent twelve boys for Wannian to send. Since then, Mannian has been able to concentrate on studying the season.

After a while, Zu Yi sent Tianguan (Yin and Yang Family) Ah Heng to learn about the situation of the 10,000-year calendar. Wan Nian took out the preliminary results he had calculated and said: The sunrise and sunset are three hundred and six, and the cycle starts from the beginning. When the grass and trees flourish and wither, there are twelve rounds in a year. After hearing this, Ah Heng was ashamed and very uneasy, he was worried that making an accurate calendar in ten thousand years and being reused by Zu Yi would directly threaten his status. So Ah Heng bribed an assassin with a lot of money and prepared to assassinate him for 10,000 years.

Helpless, he devoted himself to studying the seasons for ten thousand years, and almost never left the Sun Moon Pavilion where he lived. The Assassin had no choice but to take advantage of the dead of night to pick up an arrow and shoot it for ten thousand years. I only heard a whoosh, and an arrow hit Wan Nian's arm, and Wan Nian fell down in response. The boys shouted for the Assassin, and the guards grabbed the Assassin in time and sent him to Zuyi.

Zu Yi asked if it was Ah Heng's trick, so he ordered Ah Heng to be taken into custody and personally came to the Sun Moon Pavilion to visit Wan Nian. Wannian reported his latest research results to Zu Yi: Now Shen Xing has caught up with the hundred stars and silkworms and hundreds of stars, the stars have been restored, the time is night, the old year is over, and the time is spring, I hope Zu Yi will set a festival name! Zu Yi said that spring is the year, so he named it the Spring Festival.

At that time, Zu Yi saw that Wan Nian was tired day and night and was injured by arrows in order to make a calendar, and he couldn't bear it, so he invited him to enter the palace to recuperate his body, and Wan Nian replied: "Thank you for the love of the Son of Heaven, but the current solar calendar is still a grass calendar, which is not accurate enough, and you have to leap into it at the end of the year." Otherwise, over time, it will cause seasonal abnormalities. In order to live up to expectations, I had to stay and continue to set the solar calendar. After dozens of cold and summer, the solar calendar that had been carefully formulated for 10,000 years was finally completed. When he presented the solar calendar to Zu Yi, he was already a gray-haired old man. Zu Yi was deeply moved, so he named the solar calendar as the perpetual calendar, and named the sun and moon as the birthday star.

In this legend, the earliest documentary record of the sundial is found in the Book of Sui and the Astronomical Chronicles, which mentions that Yuan Chong invented the short-shadow flat instrument (i.e., the earthly flat sundial) in the 14th year of the Kaihuang reign of the Sui Dynasty (595). The use of the leaky pot was recorded in the Xia Dynasty according to the "Zhou Li".

Zu Yi was a very accomplished monarch, and Mencius included him in the Shang Dynasty's "Virtuous and Sage Monarch". "Mencius Gongsun Chou Shang" records: "From Tang to Wuding, the sage of the king six or seven. These include Shang Tang, Taijia, Taiwu, Zuyi, Pangeng and Wuding. "Yanzi Spring and Autumn Period: Inner Chapter I" also recorded: "Fu Tang, Taijia, Wu Ding, Zu Yi, the world's prosperous monarchs." ”

During these generations, the Great Peng State played a great role in the stability of Dongyi, and it can be said that it was the most powerful of the Shang vassal states, and with the existence of the Great Peng State, Dongyi did not form a major impact on the Shang Dynasty.

Zusin, reigned 1412-1399 BC.

Zu Xin, oracle bone inscription as "and Xin", surname, name Dan.

In 1472, Zu Yi's son Zu Xin succeeded to the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the fourteenth monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with Pi (Heze Yuncheng County, Shandong) as the capital.

Zu Xin died of illness and was buried in Diquan (Luo's hometown, Luoyang, Henan). He is known as the King of Shanghuan.

Wogar, reigned 1398-1394 BC.

Wo Jia, the surname is over. "Shiben" is used as an open armor, and the oracle bone inscription is used as a Qiang armor.

In 1398, Zu Yi's son and Zu Xin's younger brother Wo Jia inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the fifteenth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.

After reigning for five years, he died of illness and was nicknamed "King Shang".

Zudin, reigned 1393-1385 BC.

Zu Ding, made in the oracle bone inscription, surname, name new.

In 1393, Zu Ding, the nephew of Wojia and the son of Zu Xin, succeeded to the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the sixteenth monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with Pi (Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong) as the capital.

After his death, Zu Ding was buried in Diquan (Luo's hometown, Luoyang, Henan). He is nicknamed "King of Shangzhuang".

Nan Geng, reigned 1384-1379 BC.

Nan Geng, surname, name change.

In 1384, Wo Jia's son and Zu Ding's cousin Nan Geng inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the seventeenth monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with Pi (Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong) as the capital.

During the reign of Nan Geng, the national fortunes of the Shang Dynasty declined again, and in 1382 BC (the third year of Nan Geng), the national capital was moved from Pi (Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong) to Xi (Lu County, Qufu City, Jining, Shandong).

Nan Geng reigned for six years, died of illness, and was buried in Diquan (Luo's hometown, Luoyang, Henan). He is nicknamed "King of Shangqing".

Yang Jia, reigned 1378-1375 BC.

Yang Jia, in the oracle bone inscription, is called elephant armor, and Jia, and the surname and sub-name and.

In 1378, Zu Ding's son and Nan Geng's nephew Yang Jia inherited the throne of the Shang Dynasty and was the eighteenth monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with Xiang (Lu County, Qufu City, Jining, Shandong) as the capital.

The phenomenon of succession to the throne of the Shang Dynasty can be seen that the inheritance method of the Shang Dynasty in the early period was mostly based on the elder brother and the younger brother, supplemented by the succession of the father and the son. Because the Shang kings had many wives and concubines, their children generally had many brothers. Therefore, under the system of brother to brother, it often leads to conflicts between brothers over the throne. It was not until Wu Yi abolished the elder brother and established that the father died and the son succeeded him, that this situation eased somewhat, but at that time it was only four generations before the fall of the Shang Dynasty. By the time of Emperor Yi, the patriarchal system of primogeniture inheritance was formed, and this inheritance system was inherited by the Zhou Dynasty. Among the nine Shang kings from Zhongding to Yangjia, each change of royal power triggered a fierce competition, resulting in the Ninth Rebellion, which gradually weakened the royal family's power and produced a political crisis in which the princes and Fang States did not rebel. Sima Qian said: "Since Zhongding, the abolition of the appropriate and the establishment of the disciples, the disciples or competing to stand on behalf of the people, than the ninth chaos, so the princes of the Mo Dynasty. This view is very insightful.

From the above information, it can be seen that during this period, not only sons and younger brothers could ascend the throne, but even cousins and nephews jumped out to ascend the throne.

Yang Jia's ascension to the throne in such a situation can be said to be full of contradictions, difficulties, internal and external worries, and difficult to follow. Therefore, Taishi Gong said: "When Emperor Yang Jia, Yin declined. ”

In the third year of Yangjia (BC1376), he conquered Danshanjung in the west. During the reign of Yang Jia, he once went west to conquer Danshanjung, but was unsuccessful, and the defeat led to civil strife in the dynasty.

Slave owners and aristocrats killed each other. Yangjia was no longer able to control the situation, the Shang Dynasty declined again, and the princes did not rule.

Yang Jia reigned for four years, and was buried in Diquan (Luo's hometown, Luoyang, Henan) after his death. Nicknamed "Shang Mourning King".