readx;?? The Tang Dynasty's foreign vassal generals, as well as a large number of foreign personnel to form an army, happened to be one of the key points mentioned in "Li Weigong Asks the Right Questions". Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info言*情*首*語*情*首*发 [big, book, bag, small, say, net.] And on this basis, after the government military system was completely corrupted, the Tang Dynasty officially implemented the recruitment system, which can be said to have a very deep relationship.

And this also shows that the soldiers are not static, but will change accordingly in response to the development of the environment.

In "Li Weigong Asks Right", a book is mentioned many times, that is, Cao Cao's "New Book of Mengde":

Taizong said: "Qi Zheng Su is divided, and the temporary system is made?"

Jing said: "According to Cao Gong's "New Book": 'If you have two and you are the enemy of one, then one technique is positive and one technique is strange; Then the three techniques are positive, and the second techniques are strange. That's a rough remark. Only Sun Wuyun: 'The battle situation is not Qi Zheng, and the change of Qi Zheng is invincible. If the soldiers have not learned my law, and they are not familiar with my orders, they will do the second technique. When teaching war, each recognizes the strength and strength, and overlaps and separates and combines, so it is said that the change of division and combination is the art of teaching war. Teaching and reading is completed, everyone knows our law, and then like driving a flock of sheep, from what the general points to, which is the difference between strange and right? Sun Wu's so-called 'form of people and I am invisible'. This is the ultimate in Qizheng. It is to teach and read with those who are primitive, and those who make temporary changes cannot be defeated. ”

Taizong said: "Deep, deep! Cao Gong must know." However, the "New Book" is only given to the generals, and it is not a strange original law. ”

Taizong said: "Cao Gongyun's 'surprise attack', what does Qing say?"

Jing said: "According to Cao Gong's note "Sun Tzu", the minister said: 'The first to fight together is positive, and the second is surprising.'" This is not the same as the side attack. The ministers are foolish and say that what the public is united with is right, and what is done is surprising, and there is no order and side attack?"

Taizong said: "My righteousness makes hostility strange; my strangeness makes hostility right; the so-called 'former'?

Jing bowed again and said: "Your Majesty is sacred, and it is different from the ancients. Not out of the reach of the ministers. ”

......

Taizong said: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, Xun Wu Vadi, destroying cars is the line, and he is also a soldier, a strange soldier?"

Jing said: "Xun Wu uses the car method, although the car is in it. One is the left corner, one is the right corner, and the other is the front rejection. Divided into three teams, this multiplication also. Multiply it by 10 million. According to Cao Gong's "New Book" cloud: 75 people attacked the car, the first team of the front rejection, the second team of the left and right corners, the first team of the car, ten cooks, five guards, five stables, and five Qiaoji, a total of 25 people. Offensive and defensive squares. Where hundreds. 100,000 soldiers, 1,000 cars, 2,000 light and heavy, this is the old law of Xun Wu. Looking at the military system between the Han and Wei dynasties: five chariots for the team, one servant for shooting, ten chariots for the division, one for the captain, and one for the thousands of chariots, two generals. Do a lot of it. The minister uses the present law to refer to it: then jump. Cavalry, the front team, the infantry and the cavalry, the garrison, and the chariot also go out. The ministers of the west to the Turks, thousands of miles of danger, this system did not dare to be easy. Gai ancient law moderation, faith can be re-respected. ”

......

Taizong said: "Cao Gong's New Book" cloud: "Be Chen against the enemy." A table must be set up first, and the troops must be introduced. One part is attacked by the enemy, and the rest are cut off if they do not enter the rescue. "What's the matter?

Jing said: It is not necessary to stand up for the enemy, but this is to teach Fahr in wartime. The ancients made good use of soldiers, taught righteousness but not strangeness, and drove the crowd like a flock, and marched with it. Retreat with it, I don't know what to do. Cao Gong was arrogant and competitive, and the generals at that time served the "New Book", and they did not dare to attack its shortcomings. And the enemy set up a table, is it too late? The minister peeked at the Chen music and dance made by His Majesty, the front out of the four tables, the suffix eight flags, the left and right twists, the starting golden drum, each has its own section, this is the system of the eight Chen Tu, four heads and eight tails. But when the world sees the prosperity of music and dance, how can anyone know that the army looks like this!

Taizong said: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty set the world, and Geyun "Ande warriors guard the Quartet." "The art of war can be taught, not spoken. I am a broken Chen music dance, only Qing already knows its appearance, and future generations will know that I am not reluctant.

Taizong said: Cao Gong has war horses, riding horses, and rangers, how is the horse army compared today?

Jing said: The "New Book" of the minister's case clouds: The war cavalry is in the front, the cavalry is in the middle, and the ranger is in the back. In this way, each has its own name and is classified into three classes. There are about 24 cavalry riders with eight horses and 24 riders and 72 riders. The riders often teach to be right, and the cavalry often teaches to be strange. According to Cao Gong, it is divided into three complexes before and after, not to mention the two compartments, but also to mention one end. Later generations do not know the righteousness of the three repetitions, then the war cavalry must go ahead of the cavalry, the ranger cavalry, how to use it?

Taigong said: How many people are confused by Cao Gong.

......

From the above content, it can be seen that in the hearts of Li Shimin and Li Jing, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the "New Book of Mengde" had a great influence on them in military affairs. Or maybe the soldiers at that time were greatly influenced by the "New Book of Mengde".

It's a pity that the "New Book of Mengde" is likely to be officially lost in the hundreds of years from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, and there is no circulating content.

Later generations have compiled the contents of the New Book of Mende: (This cannot be compared).

The former grandson said: "The major affairs of the country of soldiers, the place of death and life, and the way of survival, must not be ignored." "The cover is impermanent, the water is impermanent, and the ground changes, and it cannot be passed on first. Therefore, it is said that the enemy is in the heart, and the machine is in the eye. However, the soldiers are not happy, and the victory is not profitable, so those who are happy with the soldiers will die, and those who win will be humiliated.

Between heaven and earth, nothing is more precious than people. Therefore, Mencius said: "The time is not as good as the location, and the location is not as good as the people." "I have never heard of all three. Governing the country with faith and governing the army with deception have different tolerances. Therefore, it is said that the army cannot be allowed to enter the country, the country is not allowed to enter the army, and the etiquette cannot govern the army.

The benefit of a soldier lies in faith, and the virtue of a soldier lies in the Tao. The accumulation of virtue and soldiers. The reward of the believer soldier is also. If the army has no wealth, the soldiers will not come, and if the army has no reward, the soldiers will not go.

The army gathers the crowd to stir up the spirit. Approaching the enemy, we must be vigorous. There is a time for the war, and it is necessary to cut off the air. Today's battle is about extending the air. If you are not angry, you will be clumsy, if you are clumsy, if you are not enough, you will lose; if you are not strong, you will be intimidated, if you are not courageous, you will be defeated. The battle of Xiwu Zhang Xiu, one victory and one defeat, all with anger.

It is very unlikely that the above content is related to the New Book of Mende.

In later generations, some people believed that there was a military book in the same period of the Three Kingdoms that could be compared with the "New Book of Mengde", and this book was the "General Garden" compiled by Zhuge Liang.

Bai Qi thinks that this book has little to do with Zhuge Liang, because he puts forward two arguments that Zhang Jiashi has to take for granted:

The first point: "Jiang Yuan", also known as "Book of the Heart", is a military work in ancient China that specifically discusses the way of generals. The Song Dynasty was called Jiangyuan, and the Ming Dynasty was called "Book of the Heart", but whether it was "Jiangyuan" or "Book of the Heart", neither Chen Shou's eyes nor the Sui and Tang Dynasties were seen, but it was first seen in the Song Dynasty's "Sui Chutang Bibliography", titled "Zhuge Liang Jiangyuan".

It's not just that "Jiang Yuan" is not seen in the history books. It is also not found in the list of the Seven Books of the Martial Arts.

The Sui Chu Tang Bibliography is a catalogue of private collections in the Song Dynasty of China. It was written by the Southern Song Dynasty.

You Yuan (1127~1194), the word Yanzhi, the number of the first layman, Wuxi people. In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1148), he was a jinshi, and served as a secretary and a secretary of the Ministry of Rites. Noh poetry. Jiafu collection of books, in Jiulong Mountain (now Wuxi Huishan) under the construction of Sui Chu Tang, compilation of "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" 1 volume. The "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography" contains more than 3,000 kinds of books. It is divided into 44 categories. The four-part classification system has been adjusted to highlight the writings of the dynasty and the emergence of new books. There are sub-categories such as "Novels", "Class Books", and "Music". Only the title of the book is described, and the author is described in some paragraphs. Under the titles of the scriptures and some historical books, the version is briefly recorded, such as the "Historical Records" with "Sichuan Ben" and "Yanzhou Ben". There are more than 10 kinds of editions recorded in the catalog, such as the old version, the old prison version, the secret pavilion version, the Beijing version, the old Hangzhou version, and the Hangzhou version, but the place and date of the engraving are not confirmed. The book set a precedent for bibliographic editions in ancient China.

From this comparison, we can see that "Jiang Yuan" is likely to appear in the time between the appearance of the "Seven Books of Wujing" and the "Sui Chu Tang Bibliography". In other words, there is a high probability that "Jiang Yuan" is a fake book.

The second point can be seen from the content of "Jiang Yuan", which is a work in the middle of the Song Dynasty:

Command:

The man who has the power of the army is the commander of the three armies. The power of the Lord. Will be able to hold the power of the army, the momentum of the army and the group, such as the tiger, plus the wings and soar all over the sea, as you encounter. If you will lose power and do not use your power, you will be like a fish and a dragon getting out of the rivers and lakes. If you want to swim in the ocean, run the waves, how can you get it.

Chase Evil:

There are five evils in the malpractice of the husband and the military state: first, it is said that it is connected with parties and slanders the virtuous and virtuous; second, it is said that it is extravagant in its clothes and different from its crown and belt; and third, it is said that it is false and exaggerated witchcraft. Sophistry and Shinto; fourth, it is said to specialize in right and wrong, and it is said to move the public privately; fifth, it is said to serve gains and losses, and to conspire with the enemy. This so-called treacherous and disobedient person can be far away and not kissable.

Knowing Human Nature:

The husband knows the nature of people, and it is not difficult to observe. There are both beauty and evil, different feelings, and there are those who are gentle and deceitful. There are those who are flattering on the outside and bullying on the inside, those who are brave on the outside but cowardly on the inside, and those who are disloyal despite their efforts. However, there are seven ways to know people: one is to ask right and wrong and look at their will, the second is to judge the poor with rhetoric and change, the third is to consult and look at their knowledge, the fourth is to tell them to see their courage with disasters, the fifth is to be drunk and look at their nature, the sixth is to look at their incorruptibility with benefits, and the seventh is to look at their beliefs with their deeds.

Timber:

There are nine generals: the way to virtue, all to courtesy, and know its hunger and cold, to observe its labor, this is called benevolent general; things are not avoided, not for profit, there is the glory of death, there is no shame of life, this is called the righteous general; noble but not arrogant, victory but not fearful, virtuous and able, just and able to endure, this is called the courtesy general; unpredictable, should be many, turn misfortune into blessing, win in danger, this is called wisdom; enter with a generous reward, retreat with severe punishment, reward is not overdue, punishment is not expensive, this is called a letter general; foot light horse, air cover a thousand husbands, good at consolidating the territory, long in the sword halberd, this is called a step general; climb high and dangerous, gallop like flying, advance is the first, retreat is the apse, this is called the cavalry; the three armies, the will is light and strong, and the cowardice is in a small battleIf you see the virtuous, follow the advice like the stream, wide and strong, brave and calculating, this is called the general.

General:

will be the vessel, which is used in different sizes. If it is to observe its treachery, serve its misfortune, and be obeyed by the public, this general of ten husbands; sleep at night, secretly observe words, this hundred generals; straightforward and thoughtful, brave and able to fight, this general of a thousand people; appearance Huanhuan, fierce feelings, know people industrious, know people hungry and cold, this ten thousand generals; enter the virtuous and enterprising, prudent day by day, honest and lenient, idle and disorderly, this 100,000 generals; benevolence and harmony, faith and righteousness to serve neighbors, know astronomy, observe personnel, know geography, and regard the four seas as a family, this world general.

Cons:

The husband is the way of the general, there are eight evils, one is greedy and insatiable, the second is jealous and jealous, the third is good and slanderous, the fourth is not self-expected, the fifth is hesitant and not self-determined, the sixth is absurd and lustful, the seventh is treacherous and cowardly, and the eighth is cunning and not polite.

Generals:

The soldier is a murderous weapon, and the general is in danger, and if the weapon is rigid, it is lacking, and the responsibility is heavy. Therefore, the good general, not strong, not sluggish, favored but not happy, humiliated but not afraid, not greedy for profit, not lewd when he sees beauty, martyrdom for the country, just one will.

Will be good:

There will be five virtues and four desires. The five good people are the so-called good at knowing the situation of the enemy, knowing the way of advance and retreat, knowing the reality of the country, knowing the time and personnel, and knowing the dangers of mountains and rivers. The four desires, the so-called war desire is strange, the desire for secret, the desire for quiet, and the desire for one.

Jiang Gang:

A good general, its rigidity can not be broken, its softness cannot be rolled, so the weak to control the strong, to the soft to control the rigid. Pure softness, pure and weakness, it is bound to be cut, pure and strong, it is bound to perish, not soft and not rigid, and it is always in line with the way.

Will be stingy:

will not be arrogant, arrogant is rude, rude will leave, and people will be judged if they leave. Will not be stingy, stingy will not be rewarded, reward is not good, reward is not fatal, soldier is not fatal, the army is useless, no merit is the country, the country is empty, the country is empty, the country is real. Confucius said: "If there is the beauty of Zhou Gong's talent, he is arrogant and stingy, and the rest is not enough." ”

Will be strong:

There will be five strong and eight evils. Gaojie can be vulgar, filial piety can be famous, Xinyi can make friends, Shen Shu can tolerate the public, and practice can make contributions, and this will be the top five. Seeking can not predict right and wrong, etiquette can not be virtuous, government cannot be righteous and criminal, rich can not help the poor, wisdom can not be prepared, worry can not prevent subtlety, can not be known, defeat can not be without resentment, this is called the eight evils.

Teacher:

The ancients had a country in danger, Jun Jian was able to let it, Qi three days, entered the temple, stood in the south, and the north, the master entered the Yue in the king. The king held the handle to confer the general, and said: "From now on to the army, the general will cut it." The reply said: "If you see the emptiness, you will advance, and if you see the truth, you will retreat." Don't be a slut because of your wealth, don't disobey the public with your own opinions, and don't lose your faithfulness because of your power. Don't sit if you don't sit, don't eat if you don't eat, don't eat with the cold, wait for work and rest, all of them are in danger, so the soldiers will die, and the enemy will die. He received the words, chiseled the murderous door, led the army out, sent it to him, knelt down and pushed the hub, and said: "When advancing and retreating, the affairs in the army are not ordered by the king, but by the general." "If this is the case, then there is no heaven above, no earth below, no enemy in front, and no lord behind. It is to worry about the wise and fight for the brave, so it can be defeated outside, succeeded in the inside, famous in future generations, and blessed in future generations.

Material selection:

In the journey of the master, there are those who are aggressive and fighting, and who take advantage of strong enemies alone, and gather as one disciple, and are called those who serve the country; there are those who are brave and brave in material strength, and they are called the people of Tu Chen; there are those who are light and good at walking, and walk like galloping horses, and they are gathered as one disciple, and are called people who hold the flag; there are those who ride and shoot like flying, and those who are invincible, and they are gathered as one disciple, and are called those who fight for the front; there are those who are sure to shoot and die, and they are gathered as one disciple, and they are called those who are called galloping; there are those who are good at sending strong crossbows, and those who are far away and in the middle are gathered into one disciple, and they are called the people who destroy the edge. The good men of these six armies are also used because of their ability.

From the above content, it can be seen that "General Yuan" is not a simple military book, but a guide book for the country to choose generals and even ministers.

In terms of Zhuge Liang's identity, these contents of "Jiang Yuan" are not surprising.

But there is one thing that is very fatal, that is, Zhuge Liang himself has an unknown person, and he must bow to everything, just like Yang Yi, if Zhuge Liang has the situation described in "Jiang Yuan", it will not be the result that after his death, Yang Yi and Wei Yan will not die well.

(To be continued.) )