100815 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Huang Jun Eunuch: After finishing his hands [2] from Hangzhou, he knew that he was going north, and he was lonely. Concord [3] Didn't know where An's was in? Hear the news? Whew! In the autumn of this year, the deceased were scattered, and there was nothing to do [4], but Du Hai's physiological school, which belongs to the study of teaching heavenly things[5], has been allowed to invite him, and his income is very small, and he is not enough to support himself. The former principal surnamed Jiang [6], if he took off the rabbit, Haisheng checked his documents, then there was no piece of the academic affairs, that is, the timetable was also gone, and you tried to think that there is such a school in the world? The servant will be destroyed by the Fan Mison [7], and the ears of those who come will be embarrassed. People are like the ground, and they can always be like this. What is the scenery of Beijing? I'll see you. Letter to Wen Shu [8], I hope not to forget. Is there room elsewhere? The servant does not want to live in the middle of the Vietnam, and stays in the middle of the year. It's cool in autumn, and fortunately self-guarding.

On the 11th day of July [9] on the servant tree, Hangzhou is now for the monthly fee of Meng [10], because of the sending of this book. Stay for two or three days, and then go back.

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

Xu Shoushang (1882-1948) was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and an educator. Lu Xun's classmate at Hongwen College in Tokyo was the editor of "Zhejiang Tide". After returning to China, he has formed a deep friendship with Lu Xun's colleagues for many years in Zhejiang Two-level Normal School, the Ministry of Education, Beijing Women's Normal University, and Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at National Taiwan University. Because of his inclination for democracy and propaganda of Lu Xun, he was jealous of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and was assassinated in Taipei in the middle of the night on February 18, 1948. He is the author of "Impressions of the Dead Friend Lu Xun", "The Lu Xun I Know", etc.

[2] The end of the hand is the letter.

(3) Zhang Banghua of Xiehe, the word Xiehe, also known as Xiehe, is a native of Haining, Zhejiang. Lu Xun was a classmate of the Mining Railway School attached to the Jiangnan Lushi School and the Tokyo Hongwen College. He has successively served as a teacher of Zhejiang two-level normal school, section chief of the Ministry of Education in Beijing, a clerk, an inspector, etc., and a colleague with Lu Xun for many years.

[4] Du Haisheng (1876-1955) was the superintendent of the Zhejiang Shanhui Junior Normal School and the superintendent of the Shaoxing Fu Middle School. (2) See note [1] of the 320817 letter. Fu school refers to the middle school of Shaoxing Fu in Zhejiang. From the autumn of 1910 to the autumn of 1911, Lu Xun served as a naturalist at the school, during which time he also served as a superintendent.

[5] The original meaning of the study of heavenly things is natural science, which here refers to naturalism.

[6] refers to Jiang Guangzhuo, the word Jiemei, a native of Zhuji, Zhejiang. In February 1910, he was appointed superintendent of Shaoxing Fu Middle School.

(7) Fan Ainong (1883-1912) is a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. I met Lu Xun when I was studying in Japan. After returning to China, he served in Shaoxing Fu Middle School and Shanhui Junior Normal School. After falling into the water and drowning. Lu Xun once wrote the poem "Three Chapters of Mourning Fan Jun" ("Collection of Extra-Collections") and the prose "Fan Ainong" (included in "Morning Flowers and Sunset"), which can be referred to.

[8] Wen Shu Yuan Yulin (1873--? ), the word Wen Xue, and the composition of the gargle, Zhejiang Qiantang (now Hangzhou) people. Studied in Japan and met Lu Xun.

[9] The Gregorian calendar is August 15.

[10] From Meng is Zhou Zuoren, see 190419 letter note [1]. At that time, he was studying at Rikkyo University in Japan, and he was married to Nobuko Yuta, and Lu Xun sent living expenses on a monthly basis.

101115 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Huang Junjian : If you don't try when you get a handwritten letter, Lou wants to answer but forgets her address, and arrests Shao Mingzhi [2] and returns, which is the first inquiry. Gu Xiaozhong has something to do again, and it's not too late. Now I am a little free, and I write a few words. The close state of the king, hearing the two gentlemen of Shao Cai [3], got the outline early. Everything is in the past, but it goes without saying; The coming day is long, and hope is there. What is the level of students in the Translation Institute (4)? [5] is not the south of Judah? Junzhi's lecture is too deep, if you want to deal with this generation, you should try to change it later. It is difficult for China to do academic work today. After Ziying [6] became the principal, he was temporarily the superintendent, and the students were still peaceful. Five or six days ago, it was due to the coaxing of the examination [7]: Although the students said that this test, although they had the order of Xuexian [8], it was actually due to Du Haisheng's movement. Now it has been ordered that all the people be disbanded, and that their masterminds be removed, and that those who are coerced will be allowed to return. There are still more than 100 people, and the school can open on the 18th. This time, the evil is slightly exhausted, and if there is a capable person to govern it in the future, it is expected to be revived. The student is a servant, and there is no word yet; As a butcher, you can't put yourself in the shoes of the repudiated and think about it. I am quite determined to go to the government school, but there is no place to go. Qi Meng was in Japan, and the state was still in the past, and the book was often asked about Jun, and the novel translated by Jokai [9] was about halfway through. The servants are all gone, and their hands do not touch the books, but they collect plants, and they do not turn over books, and gather several kinds of ancient books,[10] This is not a study, but a substitute for a drunken woman. There seem to be many people who want to speak, and there is nothing that wants to write, so it stops here, and it will be more Tan later. If you have time, you want to finish with me.

The First Brother of Shuton October 14 [11]

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

[2] Shao Mingzhi is Shao Wenrong. See note [1] of the 271219 letter.

(3) Cai refers to Cai Yuankang (1879-1921), the name Guqing, also known as Guoqing, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and Cai Yuanpei's cousin. I met Lu Xun when I was studying in Japan. He has worked in Hangzhou Zhejiang Industrial Bank and Bank of China.

(4) The Institute of Translation and Interpretation was an institution that trained foreign language personnel in the late Qing Dynasty. It was formed in 1902 by the merger of Tongbunkan and Kyoshi University Hall. It is divided into five subjects: English, Russian, French, German and Japanese, and graduated in five years.

[5] In Lu Xun's letters, there are often sayings such as "hard eyes", "hard eyes", and "strong eyes", which means that there are eyes but no beads, and there is no one in the eyes.

[6] Ziying is Chen Jun. See note 281230 [1]. At that time, he succeeded Du Haisheng as the superintendent of Shaoxing Fu Middle School.

[7] In early August 1910, Du Haisheng concurrently served as the superintendent of Shaoxing Fu Middle School, and in the latter part of the same month, he decided to ask all students to re-examine and grade, and the students boycotted the class in protest and "demanded fees to go out of the court" (Shaoxing Gazette No. 617), and Du was forced to resign. In September, he was succeeded by Chan Tsz-ying, and in mid-November, the students boycotted the examination and expressed their opposition to it.

[8] Xuexian refers to the education authority of Shaoxing Prefecture.

(9) Jokai Yokayi. J. Mó

, 1825-1904), Hungarian writer. He participated in the bourgeois-democratic revolution in Hungary in 1848. In 1910, Zhou Zuoren translated his novella "The Yellow Rose" in Chinese, which was published by the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927.

[10] Collection of ancient booksAt that time, Lu Xun had already started the compilation of books such as "Miscellaneous Collection of Ancient Books of Huiji County", "Ancient Novels Hook and Sink", and "Lingbiaolu Different".

[11] The Gregorian calendar is November 15.

101221 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Huang Junjian: Thirty or forty days ago, he was given a ruler, which means that he has already been left and right. The battle of papaya, [2] has been a long time, and it is very nostalgic. The hometown has been raining and snowing, and it is close to it, and the wind and rain are like a rock, and they are not willing to be drunk. The government and the school are roughly determined, and they despise the poor and strange [3], so they go to the turbulent world, one is in Hangzhou, and the other is in Yue, [4] how can the husband be disgusted with Zhou [5] virtue, will not let me stand in the evil of China? However, according to what China said, this time there is no reason for the turmoil, and the coaxing of students is not unforgivable. The squeeze of Ghana in the breeze, and the blame of the three arrows on the ox, [6] is the same. This year has passed, not to mention it. Next year, Ziying is desperate to increase governance and promote Zhongxing. If the inside is solid, then the 9,999 kinds of evil mouths in the outside world will be like the autumn wind blowing, and the blue flies will never sound; That is, it is not over, and the heart is not ashamed, and you can also sue Mr. ぺスタロツチ [7]. Only lay the big mountains and rivers, will be a giant axe chiseling, the old man and the minister tree people learn to colonize the barren, do not overcome this load, so the special Chi book, begging to come to this school, open up the more learning, so that it is manyan, as for the borderless, then the luck of the students, Xi can speak. Yang Xingyun [8] of the Wulin Normal School is the patriarch, and he has been calling for injustice, such as falling into a nose [9]; More than 100 students are still obedient to orders, and they are unique to the outside world, and they can shoot people [10], but they can ignore it, and they are not afraid of being haggard [11]. Xijun Huiran is willing to come, then the remnants are not exhausted, and it can still be good, which should be a drama of the fish and dragon Manyan [12] in the Wuyue academic circle. If you can give Deyin first, it is still said that Yu Daqing. Hearing that there is a lot of wind and sand in the north, all are cherished, and words are not exhausted, and then they are precious.

The Servant of the Tree, November 20th, [13]

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

(2) Battle of PapayaIn the summer of 1909, Lu Xun returned from Japan and was recommended by Xu Shoushang to serve as a teacher of physiology and chemistry at the Hangzhou and Zhejiang Normal Schools. In the winter of the same year, Shen Junru, the former superintendent of the school, resigned, and the Qing government sent Xia Zhenwu to succeed him. Xia is a feudal diehard, pretentious in Taoism, and strong for people, known as Xia papaya. After he arrived at the school, he criticized the work of the school in every way, and asked all teachers to follow the etiquette of their subordinates to meet their superiors, and more than 20 people, including Xu Shoushang, Lu Xun, and Zhang Zongxiang, boycotted the school, resigned, and moved out of the school in protest. Xia also ordered the students to meet in the auditorium, and the students also went on strike in anger, which lasted for two weeks. Xia was forced to leave his job, and the teachers returned to school in triumph, holding a meeting to celebrate and pose for a group photo, an event known as the "Battle of Papaya".

(3) Poor Qi is one of the so-called "four evils" (chaos, poor qi, Xie Qi, and gluttony) in ancient China. "Zuo Chuan" in the eighteenth year of Duke Wen: "Does the Shaohao clan have a talented son...... The people of the world are called poor. [4] Yi Yu Hang refers to the "Battle of Papaya". For two encounters in Vietnam, see 101115 letter and note [7].

[5] Zhou originally refers to the Zhou Dynasty, and here it also refers to the surname Zhou.

[6] The two sentences "squeezing Ghana in the breeze" refer to the ** of Hongwen College in March and April 1903. Ghana, also known as Jigoro Ghana, was the president of the Higher Normal School of Japan and the founder of Kobun College. Qingfeng, or Seifu-tei, is the name of a place in Tokyo, and it was often used by Chinese students studying in Japan to gather at that time. Miya, also known as Miya Shigematsu, was the education officer of Hongbun College at the time. Ushiri, that is, Ushigome, is the name of the location of Hongbun College.

[7] J.H. Pestalozzi (1746-1827) was a Swiss educator. He advocated improving people's lives through education, founded an orphanage to educate poor children, and set up a college to carry out experiments in simplifying teaching.

(8) Wulin Normal School is a two-level normal school in Zhejiang. Wulin, another name for Hangzhou. Yang Xingyun, whose name is Kang, is known as Xingyun, also known as Xin Yun, Xin Shi, and is a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang. He studied in Japan, served as the acting supervisor of the Zhejiang Normal School at that time, and later served as an inspector of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government.

[9] The Sanskrit word "Abi" means uninterrupted. This refers to the Abi Hell, also known as the Infernal (Suffering Without Interruption) Hell.

[10] Shooting people, "Hanshu. The Seventh Chronicle of the Five Elements: "Born in South Vietnam,...... By the water, they can shoot people, and they can shoot people in a place, even to death. "

[11] Xun Fang, who is still in love, said Qu Yuan's "Lisao": "I don't know that it is also gone, and I still love it." "

[12] An Unpredictable and Bizarre Game in Ancient Manyan, Hanshu. Praise of the Western Regions: "Do ...... Diffuse the drama of fish and dragon, horn and horn, to watch it. Yan Shigu notes: "The diffuse, that is, Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu" cloud 'giant beast Baixun, is for the diffuse'. The fish and dragon, for the beast of the relics, first play in the court, finish, is into the palace before the water, into a flounder, jumping water, as a fog barrier sun, into a yellow dragon eight zhang, out of the water Ao play in the court, dazzling the daylight. "

[13] The Gregorian calendar is December 21.