Empty Dao people, [then changed his name to the love monk, and changed the "Stone Record" to the "Love Monk Record". To Wu Yufeng's inscription "Dream of Red Mansions". Donglu Kongmei Creek is inscribed "Fengyue Baojian". Because there are too many people in history with the characters, numbers Yufeng and Meixi, there is also a lot of research on "Wu Yufeng" and "Donglukong Meixi". Some people believe that "Wu Yufeng" is Wu Wen, who died in the forty-third year of Kangxi in "Qing History", with the word Tianzhang and the number Yufeng. Some people also believe that "Yufeng" refers to Zhao Shilin, the governor of Jiangsu in the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi, and the word Yufeng. Some scholars believe that Kunshan, Jiangsu is also known as "Jade Peak", so those poetry and literary talents in Wudi in the south of the Yangtze River can be called Wu "Jade Peak" in a specific sense.

As for "Donglu Kong Meixi", there are those who have verified that they are Kong Jihan, the sixty-ninth grandson of Confucius, and there are also those who have verified that they are Li Yu, a literati of the Qing Dynasty, and there are also those who have been verified as the opera artist Kong Shangren, etc., in fact, the reason for these studies is nothing more than the formation of some related characters from the words "Wu", "Yufeng", "Donglu", "Kong" and "Meixi".

There is also a point of view, because there is no punctuation in ancient literary works, people have different understandings of the sentence "to Wu Yufeng's inscription called Dream of Red Mansions", which will produce different sentences. If we regard the three characters "Wu Yufeng" as a person's name, then the sentence formed according to this understanding is "to, Wu Yufeng, the title is "Dream of Red Mansions", which means "the book was passed into the hands of Wu Yufeng, and he set the title of the book as "Dream of Red Mansions". If we do not regard the three characters "Wu Yufeng" as a person's name, but read it separately, we will form such a broken sentence: "To Wu, Yufeng, the title is "Dream of Red Mansions". Here, "Wu" refers to the land of Wu, including the area of present-day Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu and southeastern Anhui. "Yufeng" is the homonym of "want to be sealed", which means "want to be blocked". Then to interpret this sentence according to this kind of broken sentence, it should be "This book was transmitted to Wu Di, and if it was wanted to be blocked, it was titled "Dream of Red Mansions".

Later, "Donglu Kong Meixi is inscribed as "Fengyue Baojian", and the "Kong Meixi" in the sentence "Fengyue Baojian" is also likely not to be a person's name. "Kong Meixi" here should be the homonym of "I am afraid of no regrets", this book is afraid that no one cherishes, so this sentence can be understood as "Shandong literati are worried that they will not be able to arouse people's attention and cherishment of this book, so they named it "Fengyue Baojian".

If you change the title of the book, you can avoid the ban, and you can attract people's cherishment, I don't think so! Therefore, I still interpret mainly the text of "Dream of Red Mansions" and some important criticisms. There is an eyebrow criticism corresponding to the title of "Donglu Kong Meixi", which is called "Fengyue Baojian", [Jiaxu Meijian: Xueqin used to have the book of "Fengyue Baojian", which is the preface of his younger brother Tang Village. Today's Tang Village has passed away, and the new nostalgia is still there. This sentence is the critic telling us that when he saw the "new" work of "Stone Records", he remembered "Xueqin's old book of "Fengyue Baojian", not only remembered this old book, but also thought of the relevant people, Xueqin's brother Tangcun wrote a preface for the old book! Now that Tangcun is dead, time is flowing, things are changing, and the book critics "see the new and nostalgic, so they are still because of it". The four words "so still because of it", before a better explanation, can only be understood as "Therefore, the title of the book "Fengyue Baojian" is used". In other words, "I see the new and nostalgic", so Xueqin's new work was named "Fengyue Baojian". So, "Yu" is what I mean, and who am I? The text of "Dream of Red Mansions" clearly reads, "Donglu Kongmeixi is inscribed with "Fengyue Baojian". Therefore, I think that this criticism with a considerable status in the Jiazhu book should be called Meixi.

Flip the book back, and in the thirteenth chapter, there is really an eyebrow criticism signed "Meixi". This comment is written in response to "After the three springs are gone, everyone must find their own door": "You don't have to read it, you want to cry when you see these two sentences." Plum Creek. "This batch of words is both Jiazhu and Gengchen. It is common for the ancients to write notes for criticism, and it is common for them to leave their names and words and omit their surnames when they make a payment. From the content of the criticism, it can be seen that Meixi not only has its own person, but also has an extraordinary relationship with Xueqin, that is, the "Kong Meixi" in the text, so by extrapolation, "Wu Yufeng" is also a person surnamed Wu Yufeng, and Xueqin in the "Kong Meixi" comment also appears in the text.

[Later, because Cao Xueqin read it for ten years in the mourning red pavilion, added and deleted five times, compiled a catalog, and divided the chapters, it was titled "The Twelve Hairpins of Jinling". 】

This sentence of text says that Cao Xueqin has revised, added and deleted "Dream of Red Mansions" many times, and he has sorted out "The Story of Stones", divided it into chapters, compiled a table of contents, and gave it a new name "The Twelve Hairpins of Jinling". At the same time, this sentence further wants to emphasize that Cao Xueqin is not the original author. This sentence is followed by an important comment.

[Jiazhu Mei Criticism: If Yun Xueqin reads additions and deletions, then who writes this wedge so far? ] It shows how cunning the author is. There are many such cases in the following article. This is exactly where the author uses the smoke and clouds to blur, and the viewer must not be deceived by the author, because it is a giant eye. 】

The critic said that if Xueqin was only the compiler of "The Stone Record", then who wrote this large introduction from the beginning to the present? It can be seen that the author is too cunning and the routine is too deep. Read down, there are still a lot of ambiguities in the text, this is exactly the place where the smoke and clouds are deliberately blurred when painting, readers must not fall for the author, it is the giant-eyed hero!

"Blurred clouds" is not only the author's reluctance to reveal his true identity, but also one of the author's writing techniques, and there are many of them in the following article, so I will give an example here.

The fifty-third episode of "Dream of the Red Mansion", "Ningguo Mansion Chinese New Year's Eve Sacrifice Ancestral Hall Rongguo Mansion Lantern Festival Night Banquet" is a rich volume, with wonderful writing and highlights. The text describes it as follows: "It turned out that in another courtyard in the west of Ningfu, there were five gates in the black oil fence, and a plaque was hung on it, which read the four words 'Jia's ancestral hall', and the next book was 'Yansheng Gong Kong Jizongshu'." There is a long couplet on both sides, which reads: The liver and brain are smeared on the ground, and the surname Zhao is the grace of conservation; The fame is all over the world, and the prosperity of a hundred generations of steaming and tasting is also derived from the book of the Holy Father. There are two plaques and two couplets at the back, which are "both imperial pens", which were written by the emperor. Being able to write plaques and couplets to the ancestral hall of Jiafu is also juxtaposed with what the emperor wrote, "Yan Shenggong Kong Jizong" is not ordinary!

"Yan Sheng Gong" is a title, and it is the title of the descendants of Confucius in feudal society. After the death of Confucius, later dynasties continued to posthumously crown Confucius, becoming the "King of Wenxuan, the Most Holy Ancestor of Dacheng", and the descendants of Confucius were also favored and preferential. The Warring States sealed Wenxinjun, Qin changed to Wentongjun, the Western Han Dynasty sealed the Guannei Marquis, the Eastern Han Dynasty sealed the Baocheng Marquis, and the Sui Dynasty sealed the Shaosheng Marquis. During the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Kong Puzhi, a descendant of Confucius, was the hereditary Duke of Wenxuan, and he was already the top duke among the princes and uncles. Song Renzong to the second year of Confucius to confer the 46th generation of Confucius as the Yan Sheng Gong, since then through the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty, to 1935, the Kuomintang government changed the last Yan Sheng Gong Kong De to become the "Dacheng Holy Master Worship Official", Yan Sheng Gong title lasted for more than 800 years.

The emperors and generals in history were only the illustrious nobles of one dynasty. Only the descendants of Confucius have been able to pass on from generation to generation by virtue of their status as the grandmasters of the Confucius generation. In "Dream of Red Mansions", Jiafu is "the family of poetry and hairpins, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Food", and it is quite face-saving for Yan Shenggong, who is "the head of the heavenly officials and the teacher of the emperors of all dynasties", to inscribe the family ancestral plaque. Moreover, the text says that "Jia does not fake white jade for the hall of gold and horses", the jade hall and the golden horse gate are the annex buildings of the Weiyang Palace in the Han Dynasty, and they are the places where the scholars wait for the emperor to summon them.

The "Yan Shenggong" in "Dream of Red Mansions" is real, but "Kong Jizong" is fake, which is called "smoke and clouds". The descendants of Confucius are particularly strict in ranking, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, gave Confucius 10 characters below the fifty-six generations, which are used to rank the generations, that is, "Xi, Yan, Gong, Yan, Cheng, Hong, Wen, Zhen, Shang, Yin (later due to avoidance should be Yan)". In the fifth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, he continued to "Xing, Yu, Chuan, Ji, Guang, Zhao, Xian, Qing, Fan, Xiang" 10 words. There is the word "following" in this. In the nineteenth year of Daoguang, he continued the 10 generations of "Ling, De, Wei, Hang, You, Qin, Shao, Nian, Xian, and Yang". Until now, most of the Kong clan people still choose their names strictly according to their seniority, such as Kong Shangren, Kong Qingdong, Kong Fansen, Kong Xiangxi, and Kong Linghui.

According to the generation, "Kong Jizong", if it is true, he should be the sixty-ninth grandson of Confucius, in real history, the sixty-ninth generation of Yan Shenggong is very special. The sixty-ninth grandson of Confucius was called Kong Jihao (hu), the font and, the number Chunzhai, died young at the age of twenty-three in the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (1719), and his title of Duke of Yansheng was posthumously gifted. Kong Jihao's father is the sixty-eighth generation of Yan Shenggong Kong Chuanduo, Kong Chuanduo was unable to walk due to foot disease, and in the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731), he directly ceded the title to his grandson, that is, Kong Jihao's son Kong Guangtong (qi). Obviously, "Yan Sheng Gong Kong Jizong" is the author's fiction.

Yan Shenggong's raid, worship, marriage, funeral and other important matters must be approved by the emperor, which is a major event that shakes the government and the opposition. For these historical facts of the Yansheng Mansion, a generation of writers like the author of "Dream of Red Mansions" must be well understood. In order to show the status of the Jia family, it is not strange to "invite" a Yan Shenggong to "Dream of Red Mansions" to inscribe the ancestral hall. At the same time, this has also become a time coordinate, and there is a vague half-truth and half-truth of "Yan Shenggong Kong Jizong" in the "blurred place of smoke and clouds", which reflects the general age of the book "Dream of Red Mansions". The fiction of a non-existent Yan Shenggong will not make people sit in the right seat, and it is a taboo of Confucius Sage "the first in the world".

In addition, the author said that "Dream of Red Mansions" was originally a "fake village dialect", and the book was "blurred" and hazy in terms of dynasties, official positions, clothing, supplies, eating habits, etc., giving readers full space for imagination and invisibly increasing the interest of reading. The author not only gave "Dream of Red Mansions" a new name, "The Twelve Hairpins of Jinling".

Juxtaposition is a unique cloud:

Full of absurd words, a handful of bitter tears!

Duyun is an idiot, who understands the taste?

[Jiaxu double-line sandwich batch: This is the first title poem. 】

Note that the critic said that this is the first title poem written by the author, which is familiar to everyone, so I will not explain more. The first poem I read earlier, "The floating life is very hard and busy, and the feast is over." Sorrow and joy are all the same as illusory, and a dream in ancient and modern times is absurd. The red sleeves of the abuse are scarred, and the infatuation is long. Every word seems to be blood, and ten years of hard work is unusual. This is a poem written by a critic.

[Jiazhu Mei Criticism: Those who can understand have bitter tears and cry into this book. On Chinese New Year's Eve, the book was not completed, and Qin died in tears. I often cry, and my tears are gone. Every time I think about Qinggang Peak, I ask Brother Shi again, I don't meet a leper monk! Sad! Now and then, I hope that the Creator will produce another celery and fat, which is a blessing for the book, and the remaining two people are also happy to be in Jiuquan. A no-day August tear pen. 】

Regarding this paragraph of criticism, there are various interpretations, and there are those who think that the criticism is false, I will tell me my opinion, the first few sentences are easy to understand, "Every time I think about Qingganfeng, I ask Brother Shi again, I don't meet a leper monk!" Sad! Now and then, I hope that the Creator will produce another celery and fat, which is a blessing for the book, and the remaining two people are also happy to be in Jiuquan. A no-day August tear pen. "Meaning, I often wonder if I can go to Qinggeng Peak to ask the unfinished story behind the Tianshi, but I don't know where to go to Qinggeng Peak, and I can't meet the "leper monk" to guide me, helpless! Lament! Disconsolate! Such a strange book could not be completed. Now I only hope that the Creator can give birth to Qin and Yan Zhai, one is responsible for conception and writing, and the other is responsible for copying and commenting, how lucky it is for such an immortal work! The two of us can go to another world to our contentment. Now, Qin, go before me, and I will soon die of tears, how can I see him under the Nine Springs? I'm not angry, the book is not finished, and the tears are not angry, no way, the first day and August tears.

So be it, wait for the mastery.

Back to the text, the last sentence, [To the fat Yan Zhai Jiaxu copy and re-comment, still use "Stone Records". It seems that the year of Jiaxu was before the year of Jiawu, which was the second time that Yan Zhai was in charge of transcribing and commenting, and used the author's "real name", which is the name "Stone Record". The author is so careful that he uses several titles, emphasizing many times that "the main purpose is to talk about love" and "not interfering with the times", and the critics have also pointed out "Zhen Shiyin Jia Yucun" many times, and "smoke and clouds are blurred" is mainly afraid of "text prison",

Literary prison generally refers to the persecution of intellectuals by rulers, not only in China, but also in neighboring Korea and Japan. The cause of the literary prison is that the articles of intellectuals offend the taboo of the rulers.

Literary prison has happened many times in the history of our country, for example, when Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records", when he wrote Liu Bang, Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, it can be said that he wrote a straight book, and made a faithful record of Liu Bang's family history and some dark sides.

But when Sima Qian wrote Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he used a lot of curved pens. Despite such caution, the "Historical Records" did not dare to be made public during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Sima Qian was tortured by the palace because of the "Li Ling Incident" and escaped death. In the "Book of Bao Ren'an", he said very clearly that he endured humiliation and lived in order to complete the "Historical Records", and he did not dare to make it public during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, not because he was worried about his own life, but mainly because he was afraid that the "Historical Records" that he had worked so hard to complete would be banned or tampered with.

Sima Qian fully considered that the content of the "Records of the Historian" was critical, so he arranged some protective measures. He said that he wanted to "hide the famous mountain, pass it on to its people and pass it on to the capital", hide it in the deep mountains, you can't find it if you want to burn it, and you can pass it on to future generations. Or let your descendants keep it well, choose the right time, spread it in some big cities, and flow the "Historical Records" into the people, so that if you want to ban books, you may not be able to ban them completely!

Sima Qian's grandson, Yang Yun, made the "Historical Records" shine twenty years later. Yang Yun helped his grandfather escape the literary prison, but he himself was not so lucky, "Book of Han" clearly recorded that Yang Yun because of the "Book of Newspaper Sun Huizong" caused the anger of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, and was sentenced to be beheaded for the crime of great rebellion.

In the last years of Cao Wei, Ji Kang's "Book of Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan" offended the powerful minister Sima Zhao, and Ji Kang was also beheaded in Dongshi.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Cui Hao presided over the compilation of national history, and the straight book revealed the humiliating history of the ancestors of the Tuoba clan, and the Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao ordered Cui Hao to be beheaded all over the house, and at the same time even Cui Hao's in-laws, his wife's maiden family, and his children's in-laws, Fanyang Lu's family, Taiyuan Guo's family and Hedong Liu's family were all implicated.

The rulers of the Sui and Tang dynasties were relatively open-minded, open-minded, generous, and tolerant. There are also incidents in which intellectuals have been degraded and dismissed because of their poetry and writing, and the punishment is relatively light. Otherwise, Bai Juyi wouldn't dare to publish "Song of Long Hatred"!

In the Song Dynasty, the situation changed, and the number of literary prisons increased, such as the Su Dongpo Wutai poetry case, as well as the Tongwenguan prison, the Chegaiting poetry case, Li Guang's "Little History" case, the "Jianghu Collection" case, etc., which are almost well known. These are all big and important cases, there are more small literary prisons, and incidents of banning and burning books also occur from time to time, and many wild histories have been banned and destroyed.

The Yuan Dynasty was the first unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities in the history of our country, and when the Mongols on horseback ruled, the citizens of the country were divided into four classes, the Mongols, the Semu people, the Han people and the Nan people. The Han people in the southern direction were the Han people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Huguang, Jiangxi and southern Henan in the Southern Song Dynasty, who were the latest to be conquered. After years of war in the north, the economic and cultural center continued to move south, and the southerners had the most elites, but they were classified as the lowest class, which shows that the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty did not understand Chinese-style management. The ideological and cultural policies were relatively relaxed, and there was basically no record of literary prison, as a result, the south was the first to be chaotic, the south was the most chaotic, the southerners drove the Mongols back to the steppe, and the Yuan Dynasty ruled for less than 100 years.

There are rumors that Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang loves to engage in literary prison, I can't find conclusive evidence, but Yan Wang Zhu Di is different, after the "Jingyan Change", Fang Xiaoru was exterminated because he refused to draft the edict of enthronement for him, and even the students were counted as one family, a total of 873 people, which was too miserable. This is not the end, other texts related to Fang Xiaoru cannot appear, the poems of other ministers who were martyred for Emperor Jianwen are all forbidden to be published, and all texts related to Emperor Jianwen are not allowed to show up, and they are also encouraged to whistleblowers and make an example of others. After Ming Chengzu, the text prison happened from time to time, but the picture was no longer so bloody.

The Qing Dynasty is the second time in the history of our country that the ethnic minorities established a unified dynasty, when the Qing army entered the customs, there were 85,000 Manchurian, Mongolian, and Han people, and Wu Sangui's garrison in Shanhaiguan was 35,000 people, and the total was 120,000. With tens of millions of people to rule, the Manchu rulers had to learn the lessons of the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, and Huang Taiji knew that in order to rule China, he had to gain the support of the original Han ruling forces. Therefore, he attached more importance to the role of Han intellectuals, the landlord class, and the rebel generals of the Ming Dynasty, and adopted a policy of recruiting and buying them.

Conquest by force is only the first step, and in order to govern such a large country and rule such a population, it is necessary to absorb the cultural elite of the Han Chinese into the management. What should I do if I want the Han people to help manage the country, but I am not at ease with the Han people? To unify our thinking and educate these Han people, what kind of education has the most profound significance, the most far-reaching influence, and the most lasting memory? Literary inquisition! Therefore, the literary prison of the Qing Dynasty was unprecedented, and with the consolidation of the Manchu rule, it was further deepened, and by the Qianlong period, it had reached the point of no addition, reaching the pinnacle.

Unlike the Yuan Dynasty, the Manchu ancestors were ruled by the Ming Dynasty, and there are clear records of how much tribute they paid, how many taxes they paid, what work they did, and what officials they were. After the occupation of the Central Plains, the Manchu Emperor was very secretive about this period of history, so Huang Taiji not only tampered with and destroyed the old historical materials, but also indiscriminately slaughtered the history that continued to be compiled and even collected as the crime of "great rebellion".

From the Shunzhi period to the early years of Kangxi, the anti-Qing ideology could not be eliminated for a long time, especially some Han scholars who were unwilling to surrender were attached to the Ming Dynasty, and this cultural thought coupled with the power of Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, Geng Jingzhong and other Han vassal kings was extremely unfavorable to the Manchu rule. Anti-Qing ideology is bound to be devastated, which is also the main reason for the implementation of literary prison in the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods.

In Kangxi's later years, the power struggle in the royal family intensified unprecedentedly, and nine sons seized the heir. Yongzheng is different from Kangxi, he was not favored in his early years, he was suppressed for a long time, experienced cruel political struggles, and his sense of insecurity was very heavy, which led to his mean and unkind methods. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, in order to consolidate the power he had gained, in addition to severely cracking down on the kings who participated in the struggle for the throne, he did not hesitate to use the literary prison to crack down on the kings' henchmen, which was also the main reason for the implementation of the literary prison during the Yongzheng period.

By the time Qianlong was in power, he was more thoughtful than the previous rulers, who had experienced the fall of the Ming Dynasty and remembered the bloody history of the early years of the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong wanted to completely erase the history of the massacre of Han people in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, so that future generations would completely forget these things.

For example, the famous Shi Kefa, who was a Jinshi in the first year of Chongzhen (1628), can be said to have been born in troubled times, peasant uprisings broke out in various parts of the Ming Dynasty, and the city of Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng, and then Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the pass. Shi Kefa supported Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, as Emperor Hongguang and continued to fight against the Qing army. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing army besieged Yangzhou on a large scale, and Shi Kefa led the army and people to stick to the lonely city, resisting fiercely, but the disparity in strength Yangzhou was broken. The Qing soldiers slaughtered and plundered, and did not seal the knife for ten days. On a hot day, the city of Yangzhou, which has been prosperous for several generations, is in flames, corpses are piled up, and ditches and ponds are filled with blood. Except for a few residents of Yangzhou who escaped before the city was broken and a few who survived after the Qing army entered the city, almost all of them were slaughtered and burned, and the corpses of the monks were still more than 800,000. All accounts of the Yangzhou massacre were deliberately concealed along with the text prison, so that most people were ignorant of the massacre until the end of the Qing Dynasty. It was not until the eve of the Xinhai Revolution that the "Ten Diaries of Yangzhou" was brought back to China from overseas, so that people could understand that period of history.

In order to consolidate his rule, Qianlong began to search for books throughout the country and carry out comprehensive rectification. Everything that is unfavorable to the rule has been tampered with, deleted, and destroyed, and even a large number of archives of the Ming Dynasty have disappeared. Researchers believe that the number of books compiled in the Siku Quanshu is about the same as the number of books that have been destroyed. In this process of destroying books and compiling books, countless people have been implicated in the literary prison. Even the madmen were not spared, and several madmen who said some nonsense or wrote some nonsense, were all executed by Ling Chi.

In the last episode, we specifically discussed that there is a half-truth and half-truth "Yan Shenggong Kong Jizong" in the "smoke cloud blur". The ranking of the descendants of Confucius was given by Emperor Qianlong, and "Dream of Red Mansions" was written in the Qianlong period, which was unprecedented in the literary prison. So did "Dream of Red Mansions" offend the rulers of the time? I think there are quite a few of them, and we will read them one by one along with the text, and here, I will give you an example.

In the sixty-third chapter of "A Dream of Red Mansions", the text has this description: "Because I saw Fang Guan combing his hair again, holding it up, bringing some flowers and emeralds, he was busy changing his makeup, and ordered the short hair around him to be shaved off, revealing a blue scalp, and a big top in the middle", and then read down, Baoyu also renamed her "Yelu Xiongnu". The author's writing style is "blurred with smoke and clouds", and the description of clothing is also painstaking, "the short hair around is shaved, revealing a blue scalp" is obviously a Manchu characteristic, and the author is alluding to the "shaving order".

Soon after the "Yangzhou Ten Days", Emperor Hongguang of the Ming Dynasty surrendered, and the Prince of Yu Duoduo led the Qing army into Nanjing, and issued the "shaving order" for the first time. Now that the soldiers have arrived, they will not shave the military and the people, and they are not allowed to shave their heads privately.

Who knew that the war situation was unexpectedly smooth, and half of the south of the Yangtze River quickly surrendered, except for the southeast and southwest, the Manchu Qing Dynasty basically controlled the whole of China, and the pacification policy achieved its goal, some traitors added fuel to the fire, automatically shaved their hair, expressing their loyalty, and some traitors not only shaved their heads, but also wrote to the Manchu rulers to suggest that the Manchu system be implemented throughout the country in order to seek appreciation.

As a result, the Qing army issued a second shaving order, ordering that within ten days, the people of Jiangnan should all shave their heads, "keep their heads without hair, and keep their hair without their heads". Before the Manchu rulers entered the Central Plains, they begged for a life in the black water forests and grasslands of the White Mountains outside the Guanguan for a long time, and it was troublesome to take care of their hair when they grew long, so they shaved off their hair as much as possible in order to facilitate grazing and hunting in the mountains.

"The body is skinned, and the parents who receive it dare not destroy it, and the beginning of filial piety is also." Confucianism has influenced China for more than 2,000 years, and the Han people were required to shave their heads, which led to a large-scale revolt! Scholars Hou Tongzeng and Huang Chunyao rose up in the small city of Jiading (now Jiading, Shanghai) to rebel against the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Although the "township army" organized by the two scholars gathered more than 100,000 people, they were all ordinary people, a rabble, bustling, crowded, and congested, with no discipline, let alone combat effectiveness. Wu Song's general army, Li Chengdong, had less than 5,000 troops, but he was well-equipped and well-trained.

Jiading City was broken, and at the same time as the robbery, Li Chengdong ordered the slaughter of the city, among the citizens, those who hanged, jumped into the river, threw themselves into the well, and those who were cut off their hands and feet were still struggling and crying. The women were brutally raped, and when they resisted, the officers and soldiers nailed the hands of the resisting women to the door panel with long nails, and then raped them wantonly. The massacre lasted for a day, and it was not until the corpses blocked the river that Li Chengdong led his army away.

On the fourth day after the massacre, the people of Jiading, who had escaped by chance, began to slip back into the city. After they returned to the city, they regrouped under the leadership of a man named Zhu Ying, and more than 2,000 people, this group of people wanted revenge. Zhu Ying led the survivors in an anti-massacre campaign in the ruined city, executing traitors who had surrendered to the Qing army and officials appointed by the Qing army. Li Chengdong returned to Jiading City, killed many residents who were still asleep, accumulated corpses, and set them on fire.

More than 20 days later, it turned out that a general named Wu Zhifan of Nanming led the rest of his troops to storm Jiading City, and the surrounding people also responded, killing the Qing soldiers in the city and fleeing. Soon, Li Chengdong counterattacked with the whole army, slashed and killed hundreds of Wu Zhifan's soldiers, and by the way, slaughtered nearly 20,000 people who had just arrived in Jiading to avoid chaos, and once again shed a river of blood, which is the famous "Jiading Three Massacres" in history.

The cause of the "Three Massacres in Jiading" is the seemingly inconspicuous "shaving order" alluded to by the author of "Dream of Red Mansions". Through the example I mentioned first, I think you can better understand why the author is "fuzzy" and why he emphasizes the book's "main purpose is to talk about love" and "does not interfere with the times" many times

[Out is clear, and look at the story on the stone. Press the book cloud on the stone:]

[Jiaxu side batch: The following is the text recorded on the stone. Here's the story of the stone record.

【The land fell to the southeast on the same day】

The beginning of this sentence written on the stone is wonderful, and there are five benefits.

1. Echoing the myth of Nuwa mending the sky in the previous quotation, it is said that the co-workers knocked down Buzhou Mountain, causing the sky to collapse a hole, and since then "the sky has fallen to the northwest and the earth has fallen to the southeast", and then there was Nuwa refining colorful stones to make up for the sky.

2. For a long time, the activities of the ancients in China are in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin, the so-called spring water of a river flows eastward, the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It was added that Nuwa only made up for the heavens, and did not repair the pillars between heaven and earth--- Buzhou Mountain.

Third, "the southeast is trapped" is still flawed, indicating that there will be a disaster, otherwise the author directly wrote "There is a place in this southeast corner called Gusu", there is no need to say "the southeast is trapped", sure enough, something big happened, Zhen Shiyin lost his daughter first after meeting a monk, and then his home was burned down. There is not only Zhen Shiyin's family in the southeast, but also Zhen Baoyu's family.

Fourth, in the gossip of the day after tomorrow, the southeast direction is Xun xun hexagram, Xun represents the wind, the five elements of yin and yang belong to wood, at the turn of spring and summer, the fire is made from wood, which is the foreshadowing of the fire in Zhen Shiyin's house.

Fifth, Xun hexagram also has the meaning of obedience, which is also the foreshadowing that Zhen Shiyin will eventually obey this monk, and follow the "crazy Taoist drifting away". In addition, Xun hexagram also has the meaning of "entering", which can be understood as the story of our entry into "Dream of Red Mansions" from here, and from now on, the stone will tell the whole story.

[There is a place in this southeast corner called Gusu] [Jiaxu side batch: It is Jinling. Jinling is now Nanjing, there are many names of Nanjing in history, Yecheng, Baixia, Jiangning, Shicheng, Danyang, Jianye, Jiankang, Qinhuai, Shangyuan, Jiqing, Yingtian, Jingshi, Nandu, Tianjing, etc., but there is no time to call Nanjing Gusu. "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings in the middle of the night to the passenger ship." Everyone knows that Gusu is Suzhou, why does the critic say it is Jinling?

I think it should refer to Jinling Province in the mouth of the common people, or Nanzhili and Jiangnan Provinces. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang set the capital of Nanjing, Nanjing was called Yingtianfu, Gusu belonged to the area directly under the jurisdiction of Yingtianfu, and a region under the jurisdiction of Nanjing City was called Zhili. During the Yongle period, the capital was moved to Beijing, Beijing was called Shuntianfu, and the area directly under the jurisdiction of Beijing City was also called Zhili. In order to distinguish it, the center of Nanjing was called Nam Nam Naoli Province, and the area around Gyeonggi in the Qing Dynasty was also called Nam Nam Province, but Nam Nam Nam Province was changed to Jiangnan Province.

The third time, Lin Daiyu entered Jiafu, and the old lady introduced Wang Xifeng: "You don't recognize him, he is a well-known and broken man here, and Southern Province is commonly known as 'Spicy', you just call him 'Feng Spicy'." Wang Xifeng is a member of the Wang family, "The East China Sea lacks a white jade bed, and the Dragon King invited the King of Jinling", and the Wang family is a Jinling family. Southern Province still refers to Jiangnan Province, or Jinling Province in the mouth of the common people.

In the text, "Jiangnan's Zhen family", "Jiangnan Zhenjia", and "Jiangnan Zhenfu" appear many times. "Jiangnan" has two meanings, it can refer to the south of the Yangtze River, and it can also refer to Jiangnan Province. According to the text, there is a description of "Zhen Jia, President of Jinling Provincial Tiren Institute", Jiangnan Zhen's family is Jiangnan Province's Zhen family, which is Jinling Province's Zhen family. Therefore, Zhen Shiyin's family is obviously in "Gusu", and the criticism here is "Jinling", which should refer to Jinling Province.

In the first chapter of the text of "Dream of Red Mansions", the leper monk said, "Just because there is a Zhuzhu grass on the bank of the Sansheng Stone on the bank of the Western Spirit River. 】

"Three lives" is "previous life", "this life" and "next life", many people's love starts from a sense of déjà vu, which is what we often call "eye edge", the beauty of the first sight. Lin Daiyu saw Baoyu for the first time when she entered Jiafu, "She was taken aback, and thought to herself: 'It's so strange, it's like I've seen it there, how familiar it is!'" ’”

Baoyu saw that there was one more sister, and smiled and said, "I have seen this sister before." "The reason why I feel like I am at home at first sight is because of the fate of a previous life. Man! Can't escape birth, old age, sickness and death, after meeting, knowing each other, and loving each other in this life, and looking forward to the continuation of the next life, when the time comes, the love is stronger than Jinjian, and the love is very, which is the "fate of three lives".

"Three lives" originated from the Buddhist doctrine of cause and effect reincarnation, Buddhism was introduced to our country from ancient India in the West, so the author emphasized, "the three life stones on the bank of the Western Spirit River", after a long period of evolution of China's religious culture, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have been borrowed from each other and infiltrated each other.

The critic also sighed when he read the "Sansheng Stone" and said: [Jiaxu side criticism: wonderful! The so-called "old spirit on the three-life stone" also. Jiazhu eyebrow criticism: all with magic. Love, don't do it. Today, it is harvested to press the roll, and it can be known later. The "old spirit on the three-life stone" said by the critic is an allusion to illustrate the continuation of this life and the next life, and the result of the continuation is happy and sad.

Su Dongpo's article "The Biography of Monk Yuanze" is the source of this allusion, and the content is probably like this: A gentleman named Li Yuan in the Tang Dynasty, his father who was an official died in the An Lushan Rebellion, and Li Yuan felt impermanence in his grief, and vowed not to be an official, not to marry a wife, not to eat meat, and finally simply lived in Luoyang Huilin Temple to practice and became a monk. Li Yuan studied Buddhism with the Zen master Yuanze in the temple every day and became a close friend.

One day, they were going to Qingcheng Mountain and Emei Mountain to practice, Li Yuan wanted to take the waterway from Hubei, but Yuanze Zen Master advocated starting by land from Chang'an Xiegu. In ancient times, there were no decent roads, especially in mountainous areas and hills, and when it rained, it was difficult to walk and go to the blue sky. Waterway transportation was an important mode of travel in ancient times, especially suitable for medium and long-distance travel. For passengers, sitting on a boat, rain or snow still rush, is more comfortable than riding a horse and sitting in a sedan chair, and can also eat and live on the ship, saving money. Li Yuan insisted on taking the waterway, but Zen Master Yuanze had no choice but to agree and sighed: "I can't help myself!" ”

So the two of them went from the waterway to Nanpu Wharf, and when they saw a pregnant woman by the river, Yuan Ze cried and said to Li Yuan: "I don't want to go by water because I'm afraid of seeing her!" Li Yuan was very surprised that the Great Zen Master actually cried. Busy asking the reason, Yuan Ze said: "I am destined to be her son, because I refuse to come, so she has been pregnant for three years and can't give birth, now that I have met her, I see that she is very painful, and I can't escape anymore." When I bathed the baby three days later, I asked you to come to her house to see me, and I smiled as proof. Thirteen years later, in the Mid-Autumn Festival, if you come to Tianzhu Temple in Hangzhou again, I will definitely meet you. ”

Li Yuan bathed and changed clothes for Yuan Ze in grief, and after that, Yuan Ze died, and the woman gave birth to a child smoothly. It is said that when a monk who has cultivated to a very high level dies, his physical body will turn into a rainbow and enter the Immeasurable Palace, which is called the Pure Land of Empty Movement and the Pure Land of Bliss in Buddhism.

Many monks take "ascending to heaven after death" as the ultimate goal of Buddhist practice, and of course Yuan Ze also wants to jump out of the "six realms of reincarnation" and is unwilling to enter the red dust again. This time he chose to go by water with Li Yuan, it can be said that he came to fulfill the pregnant woman, I think Zen Master Yuanze should also be regarded as --- practice merit this time, and the troubles and evils are gone.

Three days later, Li Yuan went to see the baby, and the baby just took a bath and saw that Li Yuan really smiled slightly, Li Yuan told the truth, and the family paid to bury Yuan Ze. Li Yuan no longer had the heart to go to Qingcheng Emei, so he returned to Luoyang Huilin Temple, and the little monk told him that in fact, Zen Master Yuanze wrote a suicide note when he set off this time.

Thirteen years later, Li Yuan went from Luoyang to Tianzhu Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou, to go to Yuanze's date, and suddenly heard the shepherd boy singing outside the temple, singing:

The old spirit on the three-life stone,

Don't talk about the moon and the wind.

Shame on the lover's distant visit,

Although this body is of the opposite sex, it lasts forever.

Li Yuan listened to it and knew that he was Yuan Ze, so he couldn't help but ask, "Master, are you okay?" The shepherd boy said, "Li Gongzhen keeps his promise, but unfortunately you are concentrating on cultivation, but I am not finished, we must continue to work hard, and there will be a chance to meet in the Pure Land of Bliss in the future." ”

The critic used the allusion of "the old soul on the three-life stone", combined with the text of "Dream of Red Mansions", and I had a deep understanding. Lin Daiyu's three lives are very clear, which can be simply summarized as follows: "one life" is a pearl grass on the "bank of the Western Spirit River", and "two lives" is a pearl fairy who is "nourished by the essence of heaven and earth, nourished by rain and dew, shedding the wood of the grass fetus, changing into a human form, and swimming all day long away from the hated world". "Three lives" is to return "all the tears of life" to Jia Baoyu's Lin Daiyu.

Jia Baoyu's "life" is "the waiter of the god Ying of the Red Flawed Palace", and "second life" is Jia Baoyu. So I think that Lin Daiyu of "Three Lives" met Jia Baoyu of "Two Lives", just like Li Yuan and Zen Master Yuanze in the allusion, it was Li Yuan who led Zen Master Yuanze to meet the pregnant woman, Li Yuan originally wanted to achieve positive results with Zen Master Yuanze, but unfortunately Zen Master Yuanze was not fated to die.

Lin Daiyu also has the meaning of leading Baoyu and leading Baoyu, Lin Daiyu originally wanted to lead Baoyu to achieve a positive result, but unfortunately, Jia Baoyu's fate is not over, Lin Daiyu died first and returned to the realm of too illusory, and Jia Baoyu has to be a monk twice before it is over.