Zhou Bangyan (1056~1121, the word Meicheng, the number of halal layman, Qiantang people. Yuan Fengzhong, dedicated "Biandu Fu", since the Tai students have a life for Taixuezheng. He lived for five years, became a professor in Luzhou, knew Lishui County, and returned to Beijing as the main book of the country. Zhezong is right, except for the secretary of the province orthography, the school scholar. When Huizong, Shi went to the Huiyou Pavilion to serve the system, raised the Dasheng Mansion, went out of the Shunchang Mansion, migrated to the state, and promoted the Nanjing Hongqing Palace, and died. Kuniyan was proficient in music and rhythm, and made a certain contribution to the improvement and development of lyrics and music in Dasheng Mansion. Most of his words are written about his feelings and thoughts, and he also has a sense of life experience and songs. The style of words is beautiful and exquisite, the image is plump, the rhythm is rigorous, and he is good at melting the poems of his predecessors into words and is natural. He is the author of "Halal Lay Scholars' Anthology", which has been lost. The words have "Halal Collection", Chen Yuanlong is the note, and the title is "Piece of Jade Collection". His representative works include "Ruilong Yin", "Lanling King", "Six Ugly", "West River" and so on. ）

Ye Mengde (De) (1077~1148, the word Daoqing. Wucheng is a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang. In the second year of the Heavenly Sage, in 1024, he was a Jinshi. Former official Hanlin bachelor, the third envoy of power. For the bachelor's degree, he knows Heyang. Two poems. ）

Li Qingzhao (1084 ~ about 1151, known as Yi'an Jushi, a native of Jinan. Li Gefei's daughter and Zhao Mingcheng's wife. Working with her husband on the study of gold and stone. In 1129, the third year of Zhao Jianyan, Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, died of his husband. Qingzhaoliu lived in Yuezhou, now belongs to Shaoxing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and lived in Jinhua in the evening. The words are bounded by Nandu, divided into two periods, the early stage writes about parting lovesickness, and the later period in the sorrow of life experience to convey the sorrow of the country. The style of words is graceful, occasionally bold, mostly using white drawing techniques, and the language is clear and shallow. The Analects advocate elegance, emotion, and harmony, and there is an article in "The Theory of Words", advocating the saying that "words are not one family". His representative works include "Like a Dream Order", "Phoenix Stage", "Slow Voice", "Eternal Happiness", "Wuling Spring" and so on. She can also write poems and write poetry, and she can sing about the history of the times, which is very different from the style of words. He is the author of "Yi'an Jushi Anthology" and "Yi'an Ci", which are not transmitted. Later generations have "Shuyu Ci", and today's people have "Li Qingzhao's Collection of Proofnotes". ）

Yue Fei (1103~1141 years, the word Pengju, Xiangzhou Tangyin now belongs to Henan. Anti-gold celebrity. The official was the deputy envoy of the privy council, and he was named the founding prince of Wuchang County. In order not to agree with the agreement, Qin Song was killed on the charge of "trumped-up". When Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty was reinstated, he was reinstated by Wumu, when Ningzong was posthumously crowned the king of Hubei, and when he was Lizong, he was changed to Zhongwu, but he has been in that world for many years! The true axiom and righteousness should also fill people's hearts and the world when he is alive and alive! What is the use of blowing this and that after a man is dead? There is "Yue Wu Mu Ji". There are three poems. ）

Lu You (1125~1210, the concept of words, the number of Weng, Yuezhou Shanyin, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In Shaoxing, he was deposed by Qin Hui in the Ministry of Rites. When he was filial piety, he was born as a scholar. He once served as a general judge in Zhenjiang, Longxing and Kuizhou. In 1172, in the eighth year of Zhao Shengqiandao, Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, he did office work for Wang Yan, the envoy of Sichuan Xuanfu, and devoted himself to military life. Houguan to Baozhang Pavilion to be systematized. In his later years, he lived in San'in. He is an outstanding poet with 9,000 poems. Also a word, Yang Shen Yang Sheng'an said that its delicate place is like Qin Guan, and the majestic place is like Su Shi. He is the author of "Jiannan Poems", "Weinan Anthology", "Southern Tang Book", "Notes on Lao Xue'an", and "Fang Weng Ci". ）

Fan Chengda (1126~1193 years, the word Zhineng, the number of Shihu monks, Suzhou Wu County, later this Wu County was divided into several districts of Suzhou, mainly for Wuzhong District, really extinguished the name of the ancient county, not convenient for historical and geographical research. But for the sake of urban development, it has to be like this. Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong Zhao Gou Shaoxing four years 1154 Jinshi. He has been pacified by Zhizhou, Jingjiang Mansion and Guangnan West Road, and has served as a secretary of the Ministry of History and Affairs. He was strong and unyielding. Retired to his hometown of Shihu in the evening. He is one of the four great poets of the Southern Song Dynasty, who is more concerned about state affairs and people's misery, and is especially famous for his pastoral poetry. The style of words is like poetry, clear and distant. He is the author of "Shihu Lay Poetry", "Shihu Ci", etc. ）

Yang Wanli (1127~1206, the word Tingxiu, the number Chengzhai, Jizhou Jishui now belongs to Jiangxi. Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong Zhao Gou Shaoxing four years 1154 Jinshi. Dr. Li Taichang and the prince are studying. Guangzong Dynasty, if he was the secretary and supervisor, he was also the deputy envoy of Jiangdong Transfer, and he was changed to Ganzhou. Song Lizong, Zhao Yun, Shao Xizhong, Zhishi. The poem is as famous as Lu You, Fan Chengda, and You Yuan, and it is a family of its own, called Chengzhai style. There is a collection of "Cheng Zhai Collection", which is attached to the collection of words. ）

Zhu Xi (1130~1200 years, the word Yuan Hui, a word Zhong Hui, the number of Hui Nunnery, Hui Weng, also known as Ziyang, Huizhou Wuyuan now belongs to Jiangxi people, Qiaoyu Jianyang now belongs to Fujian. Southern Song Dynasty Gaozong Zhao Gou Shaoxing eighteenth year 1148 Jinshi. When Song Xiaozong Zhao Sheng Chunxi, he knew the Nankang Army and changed to promote Changping tea and salt in eastern Zhejiang. Southern Song Dynasty Ningzong Zhao Kuanqing Yuan was served, serving for Huanzhang Pavilion. In 1196, the second year of Qingyuan, he was appointed to the shrine. Pawn Text. He was engaged in writing and lecturing in his life, and was a famous physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was also able to write poetry. He is the author of "Annotations on the Collection of Four Books and Chapters and Sentences", "Zhou Yi Benyi", "Collected Poems", "Annotations on the Collection of Chu Ci", "Tongjian Compendium", etc. The word has "Obscure Words". ）

Wen Tianxiang (1236~1283, the word is good, the word Song Rui, the number Wenshan, Jizhou Luling, now Ji'an, Jiangxi. Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Zhao Yun Baoyou four years 1256 Jinshi. Zhao Qi of the Southern Song Dynasty was in power, and he moved to the Academy of Colleges and Universities, and knew Ganzhou. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty Gongzong Zhao Xian and Deyou, in addition to the right prime minister, and the privy envoy, he was sent to Yuanying, was detained, and then escaped and went south by Haidao. Yi Wangli, worship the right prime minister, to the governor of Jiangxi, defeated and executed, imprisoned in Yanjing for four years, unyielding to death. can write poems, poems express his unyielding determination to die. He is the author of "Wenshan Collection" and "Wenshan Yuefu". ）

Xin Qiji (1140~1207 years, the word You'an, the number Jiaxuan, Licheng now belongs to Jinan, Shandong. At the age of twenty-one, he joined the Anti-Jin Rebellion, served as the secretary of Geng Jingjun, and soon defected to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has successively served as Jiangyin Signing Judgment, Jiankang Tong Judgment, Jiangxi Tidian Prison, Hunan and Hubei Transfer Envoy, Hunan and Jiangxi Pacification Envoy and so on. At the age of forty-two, he was dismissed from his post and retired to Xinzhou, Jiangxi, for 20 years. At the age of sixty-two, he became the pacification envoy of eastern Zhejiang and the prefect of Zhenjiang, and soon returned. He died at the age of sixty-eight. He advocated the Northern Expedition of Jin all his life and put forward relevant strategies, but none of them were adopted. His words were passionate, impassioned, and full of patriotic feelings. There are "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences" and today's compilation "Xin Jiaxuan Poetry Banknotes". ）

Shen Kuo (1031~1095, the word is in the middle of the word, Qiantang is now a native of Hangzhou, a politician and scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Song Renzong Jiayou, that is, in 1063, he was a jinshi. He has successively served as the Pavilion Proofreader, the Celestial Supervisor of the Lifting Division, and the Hanlin Bachelor, with outstanding political achievements. He participated in Wang Anshi's reform movement. Later, he sent an envoy to the Liao State to refute the Khitan's claim for land, and presided over the revision of the "Fengyuan Calendar" and the restructuring of the armillary sphere, floating leakage, and shadow watch. In the third year of Song Shenzong Yuanfeng, that is, in 1080, when he served as the pacification envoy of Yanlu Jingluo, he reorganized his armaments and defended against the invasion of Western Xia. He was diligent and studious all his life, and knew everything about astronomy, square chronicles, legal calendars, music, medicine, and divination. There are 35 kinds of writings, most of which are lost. The book is a collection of the essence of his life's research and observations, including astronomy, mathematics, calendar, geography, geology, water conservancy, physics, biology, medicine, military, literature, historiography, archaeology and music. Remarkable achievements in astronomy; The calendar is boldly innovated and the "Twelve Qi Calendar" is proposed. In mathematics, he created "gap product" and "circle technique". In physics, concave mirror imaging experiments and sound resonance experiments were conducted. In terms of geography and geology, the causes of strange landforms are explained by the invasion of flowing water, and the changes of water and land are inferred from fossils, and a three-dimensional topographic model of northern Liaoning is made. Compile an atlas of the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty. It also describes the early compass device, the discovery of the earth's magnetic declination, movable type printing, steelmaking, copper smelting, etc. He also studied medicinal plants and medicine, and wrote "Lingyuan Fang" and "Good Prescription". ）

Bi Sheng (inventor of the Northern Song Dynasty, inventor of movable type printing. On the basis of engraving printing, he grasped the main characteristics of movable type printing, made movable type molds, typesetting and printing, and movable type printing was a major reform in the history of printing in the world. Bisheng's invention predates the German Gutenberg by 400 years. It has made great contributions to the development of human civilization. Bi She

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c. 960~c. 1127, inventor of movable type printing. People of the Northern Song Dynasty. His invention is described in detail in the book "Dream Creek North Talk" by his contemporary scientist Shen Kuo. Movable type printing was invented in the first year of Song Renzong's Qingli to the eighth year of Qingli, that is, between 1041~1048, the method is to make clay prints from clay, and each word is printed, and after being hardened with fire, it becomes movable type. Before typesetting, put a layer of pine resin wax mixed with paper ash on the iron plate with an iron frame, and the movable type is arranged on it in turn, heated, so that the wax is slightly melted, and the text is flattened with a flat plate, and the clay characters are fixed on the iron plate, which can be printed like a engraving plate. When used, two iron plates are typeset and printed, and used in rotation. His invention of movable type printing was about 400 years earlier than the lead movable type printing in Germany, and it was one of the four great inventions of ancient China. At the end of the 13th century, Wang Zhen changed the clay movable type to the wooden movable type, and invented the rotary typesetting. Later, there are copper Cu and tin S

, lead Pb and other metal movable type. ）

Who is the author of "Dou E's Injustice"? Yuan Dynasty opera artist, is Wang Shifu? Ma Zhiyuan? Guan Hanqing? Please choose one of the four major families at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In fact, it's Guan Hanqing, can you guess right?

Guo Shoujing (1231~1316, Yuan Dynasty astronomer, mathematician and hydraulic scientist, the word Ruosi, Xingtai is now a native of Hebei Province. He served as the water supervisor of the capital, repaired the Grand Canal, which is now the section from Beijing to Tongzhou, and compiled the most sophisticated calendar in ancient China after four years of calculation, the "Calendar of Time", which has been in circulation for 360 years. He designed and created a variety of astronomical observation instruments, and presided over a large number of measurements, including the measurement of sundial shadows, stellar positions, winter solstice points, perigee and yellow-white nodes. Compile a lunar movement table, measure the latitude, sundial shadow, equinox and diurnal time of 27 measurement points across the country, and take data with high accuracy. When calculating the positions of the sun, moon and five stars, the cubic difference interpolation method is created. In the conversion of equatorial coordinates, the sagittal circumcision method of approximate spherical trigonometry was created. ）

Huang Daopo (c. 1245~?) , Yuan Dynasty cotton textile innovator, also known as Huang Po, birth and death year unknown, Songjiang Mansion Wu Nijing now belongs to Shanghai. At a very young age, she was given away as a child bride. Unable to endure domestic abuse, he fled to Yazhou, Hainan Island, in present-day Haikou City, Hainan Province. Around the time of Yuanzhen, she returned to her hometown and reformed the textile technology she learned in Yazhou to make a set of cutting, elastic, spinning and weaving tools, such as churning wheels, vertebral arches, three-spindle pedal spinning wheels, etc., which improved the spinning efficiency. In terms of weaving, she used wrong yarn, color matching, heald thread, and flower technology to weave the famous black mud quilt, which promoted the development of the cotton textile industry in Songjiang. In 1337, in the third year of Emperor Yuan Hui, people set up an ancestral hall for her, and in 1957, they built a cemetery and a monument for her in Shanghai! ）

Shi Nai'an (c. 1296 ~ c. 1370, "Water Margin". ）

Luo Guanzhong (c. 1330~c. 1400, a student of Shi Nai'an, whose works include "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Chronicles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Romance of the Five Dynasties of the Remnant Tang Dynasty", "Biography of the Ping Demon")

Zhu Yunming (1460~1626, the word Xizhe, No. Zhishan, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu, Hongzhi Juren, a former official of Xingning County, Guangdong, should be sentenced to Tianfu Tongju, etc., experienced Jingtai, Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing Five Dynasties, is a famous calligrapher and writer, works include the collection of Zhiwei literary novels "Zhiweilu", Zhiwei literary novels "Four Editions of Strange Words". ）

Tang Yin Tang Bohu (1470~1523, the word Bohu, the number six such as laymen, Wu County is now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. He is good at painting landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, and is a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty. Its tomb is in Taohuawu in the north of Suzhou City, Ming Jiajing 22 years in 1543 moved to the side of Wangjia Village in the northeast of Hengtang Town, outside Suzhou City, covering an area of about 1 acre, the tomb mound is more than two meters high. In front of the tomb, there are stone workshops and stone tablet pavilions. ）