822, "Daughter Country"

"New Tang Dynasty Book: Subi Biography" postscript "Duomi" says: "Duomi, Yixi Qiang people, belongs to Tubo, and the number is difficult to grind. Binli Niu River. "The Liniu River is the Yak River, which is also the Tongtian River in the Yushu area of Qinghai today. This area is related to the southward migration of the descendants of Nanliang.

The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty said that in the first year of Emperor Tuoba Shenrui (414), the leader of the Xianbei people, Tuoba Yantan, was destroyed by the Western Qin Beggar Buddha (Fu), Tuoba Fanni recruited the remnants of the people, and surrendered to Mengxun (the capital was in Zhangye) in the Northern Liangfu Canal, and Meng Xun named him Linsong Taishou. After Meng Xun was destroyed, Fan Ni led the people to the west, crossed the Yellow River, climbed over the stone mountain, established a country in Qiangzhong, and opened up thousands of miles. Due to the combination of Fan Nien's power, he won the hearts of the Qiang people, and his power grew rapidly. However, the people he established here were not Tibetan, but probably related to the regime of the Duomiqiang tribes, and some scholars believe that it was closely related to the later internal migration and establishment of the Dangxiang people of Western Xia. After being conquered by the Tibetans, the Tibetans called them "Nanfa", which is written Nam in Tibetan. The British scholar F.W. Thomas believes that this is the "south" of Nanliang. If this statement is correct, the state of Duomi, like Tuyuhun, was a regime established by the Xianbei people in the Qiang, but its upper rulers were Tuoba Xianbei people, while Tuyuhun was Murong Xianbei people, and the subjects were basically Qiang people.

We believe that the term "Domita" is due to the fact that its subjects are Qiang, and to call it "Hama" is to refer to its rulers, which are two sides of a coalition regime. "Duomi" should be a Qiang language, or a Tibetan word related to it. "Many" is suspected to be the Ldo, one of the six ancient tribes in the legend of Tibet

g (Tung's, or Vdo

g、Do

g or gdo

g), or Sto

g (Eastern, or Gto

g、Do

g）。 French Tibetologist P.A. Stei

In his book "Ancient Tribes of the Sichuan-Gansu-Qinghai-Tibet Corridor", he says, "Both in terms of language and word form, the Dong people (Sto

g) The tribes are very easy to communicate with the Dong people (Do

g/Gdo

g) Confusion of tribes. Because of Ldo

g is to refer to the Muya people, and Sto

g or gto

g refers to the Subians. However, in the Bibliothèque Nationale (France) Tibetan Manuscript No. 493, there are two references to Go

g gsum pa (i.e., Dong Subi - Citation), written Ldi in one place

g-gsum pa (dinsubi – introducer). Since the Dong and Dong ethnic groups are close neighbors geographically and may have alliances, it is easier for people to confuse each other. "Then, the infertile (Duomi) people who have a close relationship with both clans (Dong and Dong) will naturally not be able to distinguish the definite relationship in terms of belonging." The Tibetan word for "Tami" should be Sto

g mi (東米) or Ldo

G mi (Dong Mi) and other variants.

"The New Tang Dynasty Book: The Biography of Duomi" said that its land was "rich in soil and gold". The customs and culture are naturally the same as those of the Qiang people such as Dangxiang. The Duomi chief also had a joint marriage relationship with the Khotanese (Tian) royal family at the western end of the South Silk Road, that is, the daughter of the Nanmo prince married the king of Khotan. This suggests that the Tami people were most likely involved in the Silk Road trade between the East and the West. According to F.W. Thomas, the Namma people have a large number of linguistic vocabulary and literary legends, which have been preserved through the Tibetan language. To this end, he also compiled a monograph based on Tibetan documents unearthed in Xinjiang and Dunhuang, namely "Nanmo, an Ancient Language", to illustrate the relative prosperity of the culture of the Nanmo (Duomi) people.

In the well-known story of "Journey to the West" by the Chinese, which tells the story of the Tang monk's scriptures, there is a legend of the "daughter country". In fact, this is well-founded, but Tang Seng (Xuanzang) himself has not experienced it personally, and no one wants to eat his meat in order to live forever. The women's country is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it was recorded by Xuanzang and his disciples in the "Tang Dynasty Western Regions" written by them. According to the original text, in the northern snowy mountains of the country of Bosamabula, there is a kingdom of Suvaranu Qudanluo (meaning Jin in Chinese), which produces high-quality gold, so it is called the country of Jin. For generations, women have been the king of the country, so it is called "women's country". The husband is also called the king, but he does not care about political affairs, but only farms and fights. The history of the women's kingdom is also recorded in detail in Chinese texts, such as the Book of Sui, the History of the North, the General Dictionary, the Old and New Book of Tang, etc., and there are also more detailed records in Tibetan history books, such as the Dunhuang Historical Documents of Tubo. Based on these many historical books, we can sketch the history and culture of the women's country to the audience.

The Book of Sui records: "The country of women, in the south of the Green Mountains, has women as kings in its country. The king's surname was Subi, and he reigned for twenty years. The "General Dictionary" also said: "The female country, the Sui Dynasty Tongyan, in the south of the Green Mountains, its country is the king of the woman, and the king's surname is Subi." "The Sui and Tang people's understanding of the female kingdom is true, because in the sixth year of the emperor's reign (586), the female kingdom sent tribute, and its geographical location is not wrong, so F.W. Thomas (Thomas) believes that the Chinese historical books caused the female kingdom due to misunderstanding is not correct. Ancient Kashmir texts also record the woman's country, saying that it is separated by mountains in the north of the country. The "Eastern Female Country" mentioned in the above "Tang Western Regions" is also this country, and it is called the Eastern Woman, because there is another female country in the "West Sea", so it is called "Eastern Woman". Xuanzang remembered that its place was in the big snow mountains in the north of the Brahmana Buluo country, called the Suvara Nu Qudanluo country (meaning Jin's), which was named because of the production of gold, long from east to west, narrow from north to south. The state of Brahmana is considered to be today's Karwar (Ga

hwal) and Kumao

) region, which is generally believed to be north of the Himalayas, south of Khotan, and east of Ladakh. However, Xuanzang's book clearly states that the country is "bordered by the country of Tibet in the east, the country of Khotan in the north, and the state of Sanbo in the west." "The three waves are the country of Morasa, which is also the Tibetan word for Ma

-sa has a counterpoint, Ma

- sa or ma

-yul means "lowland", which is a common name for Ladakh in ancient and modern times. It is now translated as "Marland". And this vast geographical scope is the territory of Zhangxiong or Dayangtong, which is recorded in volume 195 of the General Dictionary, volume 99 of the Tang Hui Yao, and volume 185 of the Taiping Huanyu Ji. As mentioned above, the Yang Tongren was known to the Tang people because of the tribute paid in the fifth year of Zhenguan (631), so there would be no big mistake. What puzzles scholars even more is that Daoxuan, a senior monk of the Tang Dynasty, clearly said in his "Shakya Fangzhi": "(Bharata Shimabura) is in the northern snow-capped mountains of the country, and there is Suvara Nu Qu Danluo,...... That is, the East Woman Country, not India, also known as the same country as the big sheep. It is bordered by Tibet in the east, Sanbohe in the west, and Khotan in the north. ”

Directly equated a big sheep with the East Women's Kingdom, so there were different opinions, and there was no consensus. It's really messy, it's like giving a jacket cover! It is even more chaotic than the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" of the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Yongjia Rebellion" of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period, and the Rebellion of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms! As a storyteller, I only tell the truth, and I can't tell the truth; It's just that I also know that Murong Tianshui, the protagonist of this story, also has all kinds of questions about the true relationship and location of the Dongnu Kingdom and the Dayang Tongguo, and it must be difficult for him to say why. However, Murong Tianshui knew the difficulties and was determined to continue to explore the ins and outs of this Eastern Female Country!