Zonghengjia, "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" is listed as one of the "Nine Streams". Later, he called those who engaged in political activities on the basis of arguments "unscrupulous people". During the Warring States Period, a group of strategists engaged in political activities lobbied the monarchs of various countries with the methods of examining the current situation and stating their interests and disadvantages, and with the proposition of "combining verticality and verticality" and "connecting horizontals", which had a certain impact on the situation at that time, and their representative figures were Su Qin and Zhang Yi. Su Qin advocated the unity of the longitudinal, saying that the strength of the six countries of Shandong was to resist Qin. Zhang Yi advocated Lian Heng, saying that the Six Kingdoms should be Qin. At that time, the strategists generally belonged to two factions: the vertical and the horizontal. From "Zizhi Tongjian: The Thirty-sixth Year of King Zhou Xian" "Zhang Yizhi, Wei people, and Su Qin have a relationship with Mr. Guigu" Hu Sansheng notes Han Yingshao's "Customs and Customs": "Mr. Guigu, the Six Kingdoms are longitudinal. ”

Vertical and horizontal is combined vertical and horizontal. They were uncertain and capricious, and their plans were mostly based on subjective political requirements. The main representative of the Hezong faction was Su Qin, and the main representative of the Lianheng faction was Zhang Yi. Su Qin advocated a combination of vertical and longitudinal, and combined the strength of the six states of Shandong to resist Qin. Zhang Yi advocated Lian Heng, saying that the Six Kingdoms should be Qin. At that time, the strategists generally belonged to the two factions of the vertical and horizontal, and the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" was listed as one of the 'nine streams'. Later, he called those who carried out political activities on the basis of arguments as 'unscrupulous people'. Su Qin was the phase of the Zhao State, "consuming the vertical and anti-Qin", and concurrently concurrently sealing the six countries, which was majestic. But the world is impermanent, and its "unity" immediately collapsed, and Su Qin died of capital punishment by King Che of Qi Min. [2] "Han Feizi" said: "Those who are vertical unite the weak to attack" The strong are also; Know the overall situation, be good at figuring out, and make arguments, which will change. Wise and courageous, strategic, and decisive. Everything, everything, everything: this refers to lobbying to open and close to a degree, vertical and horizontal. There's no place you can't go, and there's nothing you can't do. Among the nine streams and ten schools, there is a "vertical and horizontal family stream", which is the most practical, everything is based on objectivity, and the goal is to achieve success. In fact, they were a class of outstanding strategists and debaters, and they have always been active in the social arena of the Warring States. And it counts. It is described as "turning his hands into clouds and turning his hands into rain", manipulating the situation of the Warring States struggle.

Their appearance was mainly due to the division of the kingdom at that time, and the royal power could not be firmly united. On the basis of national strength, it is necessary to use alliance, exclusion, coercion, inducement, or supplemented by the method of military force to win without a fight. Or get the most out with fewer losses. Their resourcefulness, ideas, means, and tactics were basically the best way to deal with inter-state problems at that time. It is a unique historical stage in the history of the world, and the wisdom it has created under historical conditions is beyond the reach of any dynasty in later generations. Most of the characters of the Zongheng family came from poor backgrounds, and under the most arduous speculation, it was a kind of extraordinary liberation, creation and exertion of human wisdom. They said to the princes in the body of cloth that they could retreat from millions of male teachers with a three-inch tongue, or they could solve unforeseen dangers with vertical and horizontal techniques. Su Qin Pei Six Kingdoms Xiangyin (the six countries of the United Vertical, Pei Six Kingdoms Xiangyin is the exaggeration of later strategists, Su Qin was the five countries of the United Vertical Five Kingdoms, Peiqi, Zhao, Yan three kingdoms of the seal), the United Six Kingdoms forced Qin to abandon the throne; Zhang Yi was eloquent and scheming, and won 600 miles of Chu with a piece of words; Tang Ju was witty and brave, and directly reprimanded the Qin King for saving Meng Wei fiefdom; although Lin Xiangru was not a military general, he was righteous and approached the King of Qin, not only returned to Zhao completely, but also did not humiliate Zhao. There are many benevolent and righteous people, and if they are in view of the contemporary times, they will also be able to benefit from the fact that they are not only shallow.

Its ancestor is Guiguzi, also known as Wang Chan, a native of Weiguo (now Hebi, Xinxiang, Henan Province) in the Warring States Period, and often enters Yunmeng Mountain to collect medicine and cultivate. Because he lived in seclusion in the ghost valley of Qingxi, he called himself Mr. Ghost Valley. He is good at self-cultivation and vertical and horizontal arts, proficient in the art of war, martial arts, Qimen gossip, and has written 14 military books of "Guiguzi". Folk call him Wang Chan ancestor, a generation of prominent figures in the history of China's Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, one of the "Hundred Schools of Thought", the originator of the Zongheng family, and an accomplished educator. He once taught the four disciples of Su, Zhang, Sun, and Pang, all of whom were influential figures in the Warring States Period. Later, there were many people who practiced the longitudinal and horizontal art of Guigu, and more than ten famous ones, such as Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Gan Mao, Sima Cuo, Le Yi, Fan Ju, Cai Ze, Zou Ji, Mao Sui, Sun Bin, Pang Juan, Li (lì) Shi (yī) Qi (jī), Kuaitong, etc., are detailed in the "Warring States Policy".

According to the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle", the Zongheng family once wrote "12 families, 17 articles", but now they are all dead. Today, there are only 12 articles of "Guiguzi", 33 articles of "Warring States Policy" (not written by his disciples, mainly the words and deeds of the vertical and horizontal strategists, and they can also be used for the actual combat exercises of the Zongheng family), 31 articles of "Suzi", and 10 articles of "Zhang Zi". Guiguzi is attached to the "Yin Fu of the Book of Scripture" seven articles are the method of self-cultivation, this Jing means the basic program, and the Yin Fu is a secret rune, which is very mysterious. Only the reader can have enlightenment but can not tell the essence, the so-called leisurely heart will be wonderful and difficult to say yes. The theory of the book "Guiguzi" is very detailed and subtle, and it is not easy to say, and more importantly, this book is important to use, if you learn but do not use it, it will be harmful for a long time. You must learn and use it while tasting it. The book "Warring States Policy" is a collection of lobbying speeches, and almost all the words and deeds of the strategists are in this book. There are three major characteristics: one is resourceful, the other is virtual and real, and the third is wonderful. Guiguzi is the originator of the Zongheng family, and Su Qin and Zhang Yi are his two most outstanding disciples (see "Warring States Policy"). In addition, Sun Bin and Pang Juan are also his disciples [see "The Romance of Sun Pang"). The Zongheng scholars advocated the tactics of power and the skills of speech and debate, and their guiding ideology was very different from the benevolence, righteousness and morality advocated by Confucianism. Therefore, scholars have rarely admired the book "Guiguzi", and there are many ridiculers. As a matter of fact, the success or failure of diplomatic tactics is related to the rise or fall of a country, and the success or failure of business negotiation and competition strategies is related to economic success or failure. Even in everyday life, speech skills are related to a person's well-behaved behavior. At that time, Su Qin relied on his three-inch incorruptible tongue to unite the six countries, with the seal of the six countries, and led the six countries to jointly resist Qin, which was prominent for a while. And Zhang Yi relied on his strategy and lobbying skills to disintegrate the Six Kingdoms, making immortal contributions to the Qin State. The so-called "wisdom can be used for what many people cannot know, but can be used for what many people cannot." "Conspiracy is invisible, often better than not fighting, this is the essence of "Guiguzi". The Art of War focuses on overall strategy, while Guiguzi focuses on specific techniques, and the two can be said to complement each other. There are fourteen chapters in "Guiguzi", of which the thirteenth and fourteenth have been lost. "Guiguzi" talks more about the art of speculation and closing, and is suspected of being a fake book for later generations, and the seven articles of the "Yin Fu of the Book of Yin Fu" are the law of self-cultivation, the meaning of this Jing is the basic program, and the Yin Fu is a secret rune, which is very mysterious. Only the reader can have enlightenment but can not tell the essence, the so-called leisurely heart will be wonderful and difficult to say yes. The theory of the book "Guiguzi" is very detailed and subtle, and it is not easy to say, and more importantly, this book is important to use, if you learn but do not use it, it will be harmful for a long time. You must learn and use it while tasting it. The book "Warring States Policy" is a collection of lobbying speeches, and almost all the words and deeds of the strategists are in this book. There are three major characteristics: one is resourceful, the other is virtual and real, and the third is wonderful. The version of "Guiguzi" is commonly known as the Taoist collection and the Qin's edition in the tenth year of Jiaqing. This electronic text is a collection of Tao texts taken from Mr. Xiao Dengfu's "Guiguzi Research" [Wenyi Publishing House, 1984]. "Warring States Policy" has 33 volumes, miscellaneous records of the military and political affairs of the Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan countries. The era was connected to the Spring and Autumn Period, and to the Qin and Six Kingdoms. It mainly records the political opinions and struggle strategies of the advisors and strategists when they lobbied the princes or engaged in conspiracy and debate. Its Chinese chapters were not written by one person, and most of the authors were longitudinal and horizontal families in the late Warring States period, and there may also be several chapters written by people from the Qin and Han dynasties. Later, it was edited and compiled into a book by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty and named "Warring States Policy".

It is mainly vertical and horizontal, or the weak of the whole group to attack a strong one, this is vertical, or one strong thing to attack the weak, this is horizontal. The former is mainly based on companies, so we can know how to use diplomatic means to unite and unite for the sake of conspiracy and conspiracy for the sake of the yang and conspiracy for the sake of the others; the latter is mainly based on sabotage, so we can know how to use contradictions and interests to create rifts, and how to conspire more and conspiracy less. This is strategic thinking, and it is the basis for the practice of dialectics to achieve great things. If this is not investigated, it will be lobbied and will not succeed. Requirements for strategists: know the overall situation, be good at figuring out, be able to argue, be able to change, be wise and brave, have a long strategy, and be able to decide. They pay attention to figuring out the psychology of the target of lobbying, and use the means of vertical and horizontal persuasion, or win over or divide, and have no decision on the matter, and everything is based on the actual political requirements. The Zongheng family was very active in the social arena during the Warring States period, and its ideas and activities had an important impact on the political and military situation at that time. First of all, it is necessary to have the clearest understanding of reality, determine the object of continuation, and then know that its princes determine the rhetoric for people, and the law of lobbying, or or promote it, or suppress it together, or suppress it first and then promote it, or first promote it and then suppress it. Secondly, in the process of lobbying, we should first observe their reactions, act at the opportunity, observe their relationship with themselves, whether they are the same or wrong, continue if they are the same, and if not, they should make up for the mistakes, and then use the technique of flying hoops or inducements or harm to find out the truth, which is one of the most important methods of lobbying, and then use the technique of speculation to investigate their hearts, see their similarities and differences, and then quickly and correctly make a decision with the art of power and strategy.

Regarding the thoughts of the Zongheng family, it is said in "Han Feizi": "The longitudinal one, the weak one attacks the strong, and the horizontal one, the one strong one attacks the weak." However, there is no systematic explanation of the concept of "vertical and horizontal" in his own writings. In "Guiguzi", the concept of "vertical and horizontal" only appears three times, and in "Guiguzi?", it is said: "Four o'clock opens and closes to transform all things vertically and horizontally." The second place is in "Guiguzi Flying Clamp Fifth": "It can be clamped vertically, and it can be clamped horizontally." The third place is in "Guiguzi and the Sixth": "It can be vertical, but it can be horizontal." At present, the interpretation of "vertical and horizontal" is mainly based on the "official of pedestrians" mentioned in the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle", which is mainly explained from international relations, the strength and weakness of the country, and the orientation. (To be continued......)